SpringBoot3集成Swagger3的详细教程
作者:洛可可白
Swagger 3(OpenAPI 3.0)提供了更加强大和灵活的API文档生成能力,本教程将指导您如何在Spring Boot 3项目中集成Swagger3,并使用Knife4j作为UI界面,需要的朋友可以参考下
Swagger是一个用于设计、构建、记录和使用RESTful web服务的开源软件框架。Swagger 3(OpenAPI 3.0)提供了更加强大和灵活的API文档生成能力。本教程将指导您如何在Spring Boot 3项目中集成Swagger3,并使用Knife4j作为UI界面。
1. 添加依赖
首先,您需要在项目的pom.xml文件中添加Swagger3的依赖。同时,为了确保依赖能够正确下载,您可以添加阿里云的Maven镜像仓库。
<!--swagger3--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.xiaoymin</groupId> <artifactId>knife4j-openapi3-jakarta-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>4.1.0</version> </dependency> <repositories> <!--阿里云镜像--> <repository> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories>
2. 配置Swagger
在Spring Boot项目中创建一个配置类SwaggerConfig
,并添加Swagger的配置信息。
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.ExternalDocumentation; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Contact; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info; import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.License; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class SwaggerConfig { @Bean public OpenAPI springShopOpenAPI() { return new OpenAPI() .info(new Info().title("标题") .contact(new Contact()) .description("我的API文档") .version("v1") .license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("http://springdoc.org"))) .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation() .description("外部文档") .url("https://springshop.wiki.github.org/docs")); } }
3. 实体类和控制层注解
在您的实体类和控制层中使用Swagger注解来描述API。
// 实体类注解示例 import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty; import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth; import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Builder; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import lombok.experimental.Accessors; import java.util.Date; @Data @Builder @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Accessors(chain = true) @Schema(name = "Employee", description = "$!{table.comment}") public class Emp { @ExcelProperty("ID") @Schema(description = "ID") private int id; @ExcelProperty("用户名") @Schema(description = "用户名") private String names; @ExcelProperty("工资") @Schema(description = "工资") private double salary; @ExcelProperty("生日") @Schema(description = "生日") private Date birthday; @ColumnWidth(20) @ExcelProperty("头像") @Schema(description = "头像") private String photo; // @ColumnWidth(20) // @DateTimeFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") // @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") // @ExcelProperty("创建日期") // private Date u_create_time; } // 控制层注解示例 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation; @Operation(summary = "获取所有员工信息") @GetMapping("/selectAll") public List<Emp> selectAll() { // ... }
4. 通用返回结果封装
创建一个通用的返回结果类,用于统一API的响应格式。
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Builder; import lombok.Getter; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; @Builder(toBuilder = true) @AllArgsConstructor @Setter @Getter @Slf4j public class Result<T> { /** * 提示信息 */ @Schema(description = "提示信息") private String message; /** * 是否成功 */ @Schema(description = "是否成功") private boolean success; /** * 返回状态码 */ @Schema(description = "返回状态码") private Integer code; /** * 数据 */ @Schema(description = "数据") private T data; public Result() { } public static Result success() { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE); Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode()); Result.setMessage(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getMsg()); return Result; } public static Result success(String msg) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setMessage(msg); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE); Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode()); return Result; } public static Result success(Object data) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setData(data); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.TRUE); Result.setCode(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getCode()); Result.setMessage(ResultCode.SUCCESS.getMsg()); return Result; } /** * 返回失败 消息 * * @return Result */ public static Result failure() { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(ResultCode.FAILURE.getCode()); Result.setMessage(ResultCode.FAILURE.getMsg()); return Result; } /** * 返回失败 消息 * * @param msg 失败信息 * @return Result */ public static Result failure(String msg) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(ResultCode.FAILURE.getCode()); Result.setMessage(msg); return Result; } public static Result failure(Integer code, String msg) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(code); Result.setMessage(msg); return Result; } public static Result failure(String msg, ResultCode exceptionCode) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setMessage(msg); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode()); Result.setData(exceptionCode.getMsg()); return Result; } /** * 返回失败 消息 * * @param exceptionCode 错误信息枚举 * @return Result */ public static Result failure(ResultCode exceptionCode) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode()); Result.setMessage(exceptionCode.getMsg()); return Result; } /** * 返回失败 消息 * * @param exceptionCode 错误信息枚举 * @param msg 自定义错误提示信息 * @return Result */ public static Result failure(ResultCode exceptionCode, String msg) { Result Result = new Result(); Result.setMessage(msg); Result.setSuccess(Boolean.FALSE); Result.setCode(exceptionCode.getCode()); return Result; } }
5. 注解说明
Swagger3的注解与Swagger2有所不同,以下是一些常用注解的对照表:
Swagger2注解 | Swagger3注解 | 注解位置 |
---|---|---|
@Api | @Tag(name = “接口类描述”) | Controller类上 |
@ApiOperation | @Operation(summary = “接口方法描述”) | Controller方法上 |
@ApiImplicitParams | @Parameters | Controller方法上 |
@ApiImplicitParam | @Parameter(description = “参数描述”) | Controller方法上 |
@ApiParam | @Parameter(description = “参数描述”) | 方法参数上 |
@ApiIgnore | @Parameter(hidden = true) 或 @Operation(hidden = true) | - |
@ApiModel | @Schema | DTO类上 |
@ApiModelProperty | @Schema | DTO属性上 |
6. 访问Swagger UI
启动您的Spring Boot应用后,您可以通过以下地址访问Swagger UI:
http://localhost:8080/doc.html http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html
在这里,您可以查看API文档,测试API接口,并获取相关信息。
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