java

关注公众号 jb51net

关闭
首页 > 软件编程 > java > SpringBoot 动态刷新

揭秘SpringBoot!一分钟教你实现配置的动态神刷新

作者:无心六神通

在今天的指南中,我们将深入探索SpringBoot 动态刷新的强大功能,让你的应用保持最新鲜的状态,想象一下,无需重启,你的应用就能实时更新配置,是不是很酷?跟我一起,让我们揭开这项技术如何让开发变得更加灵活和高效的秘密吧!

关于SpringBoot的自定义配置源、配置刷新之前也介绍过几篇博文;最近正好在使用apollo时,排查配置未动态刷新的问题时,看了下它的具体实现发现挺有意思的;

接下来我们致敬经典,看一下如果让我们来实现配置的动态刷新,应该怎么搞?

# I. 配置使用姿势

既然要支持配置的动态刷新,那么我们就得先看一下,在SpringBoot中,常见的配置使用姿势有哪些

# 1. @Value注解绑定

直接通过@Value注解,将一个对象得成员变量与Environment中的配置进行绑定,如

@Slf4j

@RestController

public class IndexController

@Value("${config.type:-1}")

private Integer type;

@Value("${config.wechat:默认}")

private String wechat;


private String email;


@Value("${config.email:default@email}")

public IndexController setEmail(String email) {

this.email = email;

return this;

}

}

注意:@Value支持SpEL

# 2. @ConfigurationProperties绑定

通过@ConfigurationProperties注解声明一个配置类,这个类中的成员变量都是从Environment中进行初始化

如:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "config")

public class MyConfig {


private String user;


private String pwd;


private Integer type;

}

# 3. Environment.getProperty()直接获取配置

直接从上下文中获取配置,也常见于各种使用场景中,如

environment.getProperty("config.user");

# II. 配置刷新

接下来我们看一下,如何实现配置刷新后,上面的三种使用姿势都能获取到刷新后的值

# 1. 自定义一个属性配置源

自定义一个配置源,我们直接基于内存的ConcurrentHashMap来进行模拟,内部提供了一个配置更新的方法,当配置刷新之后,还会对外广播一个配置变更事件

public class SelfConfigContext {

private static volatile SelfConfigContext instance = new SelfConfigContext();


public static SelfConfigContext getInstance() {

return instance;

}


private Map<String, Object> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();


public Map<String, Object> getCache() {

return cache;

}


private SelfConfigContext() {

// 将内存的配置信息设置为最高优先级

cache.put("config.type", 33);

cache.put("config.wechat", "一灰灰blog");

cache.put("config.github", "liuyueyi");

}



/**

* 更新配置

*

* @param key

* @param val

*/

public void updateConfig(String key, Object val) {

cache.put(key, val);

ConfigChangeListener.publishConfigChangeEvent(key);

}

}



/**

* 主要实现配置变更事件发布于监听

*/

@Component

public class ConfigChangeListener implements ApplicationListener<ConfigChangeListener.ConfigChangeEvent> {


@Override

public void onApplicationEvent(ConfigChangeEvent configChangeEvent) {

SpringValueRegistry.updateValue(configChangeEvent.getKey());

}


public static void publishConfigChangeEvent(String key) {

SpringUtil.getApplicationContext().publishEvent(new ConfigChangeEvent(Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[0], key));

}


@Getter

public static class ConfigChangeEvent extends ApplicationEvent {

private String key;


public ConfigChangeEvent(Object source, String key) {

super(source);

this.key = key;

}

}

}

接下来就需要将这个自定义的配置元,注册到 environment 上下文,在这里我们可以借助ApplicationContextInitializer来实现,在上下文初始化前,完成自定义配置注册

public class SelfConfigContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {

@Override

public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {

System.out.println("postProcessEnvironment#initialize");

ConfigurableEnvironment env = configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment();

initialize(env);

}


protected void initialize(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {

if (environment.getPropertySources().contains("selfSource")) {

// 已经初始化过了,直接忽略

return;

}


MapPropertySource propertySource = new MapPropertySource("selfSource", SelfConfigContext.getInstance().getCache());

environment.getPropertySources().addFirst(propertySource);

}

}

接下来注册这个扩展点,直接选择在项目启动时,进行注册

@SpringBootApplication

public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication springApplication = new SpringApplication(Application.class);

springApplication.addInitializers(new SelfConfigContextInitializer());

springApplication.run(args);

}

}

# 2. Environment配置刷新

envionment实时获取配置的方式,支持配置刷新应该相对简单,如直接吐出一个接口,支持更新我们自定义配置源的配置,不做任何变更,这个配置应该时同时更新的

首先提供一个Spring的工具类,用于更简单的获取Spring上下文

@Component

public class SpringUtil implements ApplicationContextAware, EnvironmentAware {

private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;

private static Environment environment;


private static Binder binder;


@Override

public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {

SpringUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;

}


@Override

public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {

SpringUtil.environment = environment;

binder = Binder.get(environment);

}


public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {

return applicationContext;

}


public static Environment getEnvironment() {

return environment;

}


public static Binder getBinder() {

return binder;

}

}

配置更新的示例

@Slf4j

@RestController

public class IndexController {

@GetMapping(path = "update")

public String updateCache(String key, String val) {

SelfConfigContext.getInstance().updateConfig(key, val);

return "ok";

}


@GetMapping(path = "get")

public String getProperty(String key) {

return SpringUtil.getEnvironment().getProperty(key);

}

}

执行验证一下:

# 3. @ConfigurationProperties 配置刷新

之前在介绍自定义属性配置绑定时介绍过,通过Binder来实现绑定配置的Config对象动态刷新,我们这里同样可以实现配置变更时,主动刷新@ConfigurationProperties注解绑定的属性

具体实现如下,

@Slf4j
@Component
public class ConfigAutoRefresher implements ApplicationRunner {
    private Binder binder;
 
    /**
     * 配置变更之后的刷新
     */
    @EventListener()
    public void refreshConfig(ConfigChangeListener.ConfigChangeEvent event) {
        log.info("配置发生变更,开始动态刷新: {}", event);
        SpringUtil.getApplicationContext().getBeansWithAnnotation(ConfigurationProperties.class).values().forEach(bean -> {
            Bindable<?> target = Bindable.ofInstance(bean).withAnnotations(AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(bean.getClass(), ConfigurationProperties.class));
            bind(target);
        });
    }
 
    /**
     * 重新绑定bean对象对应的配置值
     *
     * @param bindable
     * @param <T>
     */
    public <T> void bind(Bindable<T> bindable) {
        ConfigurationProperties propertiesAno = bindable.getAnnotation(ConfigurationProperties.class);
        if (propertiesAno != null) {
            BindHandler bindHandler = getBindHandler(propertiesAno);
            this.binder.bind(propertiesAno.prefix(), bindable, bindHandler);
        }
    }
 
    private BindHandler getBindHandler(ConfigurationProperties annotation) {
        BindHandler handler = new IgnoreTopLevelConverterNotFoundBindHandler();
        if (annotation.ignoreInvalidFields()) {
            handler = new IgnoreErrorsBindHandler(handler);
        }
        if (!annotation.ignoreUnknownFields()) {
            UnboundElementsSourceFilter filter = new UnboundElementsSourceFilter();
            handler = new NoUnboundElementsBindHandler(handler, filter);
        }
        return handler;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        log.info("初始化!");
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = (ConfigurableEnvironment) SpringUtil.getEnvironment();
        this.binder = new Binder(ConfigurationPropertySources.from(environment.getPropertySources()),
                new PropertySourcesPlaceholdersResolver(environment),
                new DefaultConversionService(),
                ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) SpringUtil.getApplicationContext())
                        .getBeanFactory()::copyRegisteredEditorsTo);
    }
}

注意上面的实现,分三类:

核心思想就是将当前对象与environment配置进行重新绑定

在应用启动之后进行回调,确保是在environment准备完毕之后回调,获取用于属性配置绑定的binder,避免出现envionment还没有准备好

也可以借助实现EnvironmentPostProcessor来实现

通过@EventListener监听配置变更事件,找到所有的ConfigurationProperties修饰对象,执行重新绑定逻辑

接下来我们验证一下配置变更是否会生效

@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "config")
public class UserConfig {
    private String user;
 
    private String pwd;
 
    private Integer type;
 
    private String wechat;
}
 
 
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class IndexController {
    @Autowired
    private UserConfig userConfig;
    @GetMapping(path = "/user")
    public UserConfig user() {
        return userConfig;
    }
 
    @GetMapping(path = "update")
    public String updateCache(String key, String val) {
        selfConfigContainer.refreshConfig(key, val);
        SelfConfigContext.getInstance().updateConfig(key, val);
        return JSON.toJSONString(userConfig);
    }
}

定义一个UserConfig来接收config前缀开始的配置,通过update接口来更新相关配置,更新完毕之后返回UserConfig的结果

# 4. @Value 配置刷新

最后我们再来看一下@Value注解绑定的配置的刷新策略

其核心思想就是找出所有@Value绑定的成员变量,当监听到配置变更之后,通过反射的方式进行刷新

关键的实现如下

/**
 * 配置变更注册, 找到 @Value 注解修饰的配置,注册到 SpringValueRegistry,实现统一的配置变更自动刷新管理
 *
 * @author YiHui
 * @date 2023/6/26
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class SpringValueProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    private final PlaceholderHelper placeholderHelper;
 
    public SpringValueProcessor() {
        this.placeholderHelper = new PlaceholderHelper();
    }
 
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        Class clazz = bean.getClass();
        for (Field field : findAllField(clazz)) {
            processField(bean, beanName, field);
        }
        for (Method method : findAllMethod(clazz)) {
            processMethod(bean, beanName, method);
        }
        return bean;
    }
 
    private List<Field> findAllField(Class clazz) {
        final List<Field> res = new LinkedList<>();
        ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(clazz, res::add);
        return res;
    }
 
    private List<Method> findAllMethod(Class clazz) {
        final List<Method> res = new LinkedList<>();
        ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(clazz, res::add);
        return res;
    }
 
    /**
     * 成员变量上添加 @Value 方式绑定的配置
     *
     * @param bean
     * @param beanName
     * @param field
     */
    protected void processField(Object bean, String beanName, Field field) {
        // register @Value on field
        Value value = field.getAnnotation(Value.class);
        if (value == null) {
            return;
        }
        Set<String> keys = placeholderHelper.extractPlaceholderKeys(value.value());
 
        if (keys.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
 
        for (String key : keys) {
            SpringValueRegistry.SpringValue springValue = new SpringValueRegistry.SpringValue(key, value.value(), bean, beanName, field);
            SpringValueRegistry.register(key, springValue);
            log.debug("Monitoring {}", springValue);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 通过 @Value 修饰方法的方式,通过一个传参进行实现的配置绑定
     *
     * @param bean
     * @param beanName
     * @param method
     */
    protected void processMethod(Object bean, String beanName, Method method) {
        //register @Value on method
        Value value = method.getAnnotation(Value.class);
        if (value == null) {
            return;
        }
        //skip Configuration bean methods
        if (method.getAnnotation(Bean.class) != null) {
            return;
        }
        if (method.getParameterTypes().length != 1) {
            log.error("Ignore @Value setter {}.{}, expecting 1 parameter, actual {} parameters", bean.getClass().getName(), method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes().length);
            return;
        }
 
        Set<String> keys = placeholderHelper.extractPlaceholderKeys(value.value());
 
        if (keys.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
 
        for (String key : keys) {
            SpringValueRegistry.SpringValue springValue = new SpringValueRegistry.SpringValue(key, value.value(), bean, beanName, method);
            SpringValueRegistry.register(key, springValue);
            log.info("Monitoring {}", springValue);
        }
    }
}

上面的实现,主要利用到BeanPostProcessor,在bean初始化之后,扫描当前bean中是否有@Value绑定的属性,若有,则注册到自定义的SpringValueRegistry

注意事项:

所以上面的实现策略中,有FieldMethod两种不同的处理策略;

相关的源码,推荐直接在下面的项目中进行获取,demo中的实现也是来自apollo-client

接下来再看一下注册配置绑定的实现,核心方法比较简单,两个,一个注册,一个刷新

@Slf4j
public class SpringValueRegistry {
    public static Map<String, Set<SpringValue>> registry = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
    /**
     * 像registry中注册配置key绑定的对象W
     *
     * @param key
     * @param val
     */
    public static void register(String key, SpringValue val) {
        if (!registry.containsKey(key)) {
            synchronized (SpringValueRegistry.class) {
                if (!registry.containsKey(key)) {
                    registry.put(key, new HashSet<>());
                }
            }
        }
 
        Set<SpringValue> set = registry.getOrDefault(key, new HashSet<>());
        set.add(val);
    }
 
    /**
     * key对应的配置发生了变更,找到绑定这个配置的属性,进行反射刷新
     *
     * @param key
     */
    public static void updateValue(String key) {
        Set<SpringValue> set = registry.getOrDefault(key, new HashSet<>());
        set.forEach(s -> {
            try {
                s.update((s1, aClass) -> SpringUtil.getBinder().bindOrCreate(s1, aClass));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        });
    }
 
 
    @Data
    public static class SpringValue {
        /**
         * 适合用于:配置是通过set类方法实现注入绑定的方式,只有一个传参,为对应的配置key
         */
        private MethodParameter methodParameter;
        /**
         * 成员变量
         */
        private Field field;
        /**
         * bean示例的弱引用
         */
        private WeakReference<Object> beanRef;
        /**
         * Spring Bean Name
         */
        private String beanName;
        /**
         * 配置对应的key: 如 config.user
         */
        private String key;
        /**
         * 配置引用,如 ${config.user}
         */
        private String placeholder;
        /**
         * 配置绑定的目标类型
         */
        private Class<?> targetType;
 
        public SpringValue(String key, String placeholder, Object bean, String beanName, Field field) {
            this.beanRef = new WeakReference<>(bean);
            this.beanName = beanName;
            this.field = field;
            this.key = key;
            this.placeholder = placeholder;
            this.targetType = field.getType();
        }
 
        public SpringValue(String key, String placeholder, Object bean, String beanName, Method method) {
            this.beanRef = new WeakReference<>(bean);
            this.beanName = beanName;
            this.methodParameter = new MethodParameter(method, 0);
            this.key = key;
            this.placeholder = placeholder;
            Class<?>[] paramTps = method.getParameterTypes();
            this.targetType = paramTps[0];
        }
 
        /**
         * 配置基于反射的动态变更
         *
         * @param newVal String: 配置对应的key   Class: 配置绑定的成员/方法参数类型, Object 新的配置值
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public void update(BiFunction<String, Class, Object> newVal) throws Exception {
            if (isField()) {
                injectField(newVal);
            } else {
                injectMethod(newVal);
            }
        }
 
        private void injectField(BiFunction<String, Class, Object> newVal) throws Exception {
            Object bean = beanRef.get();
            if (bean == null) {
                return;
            }
            boolean accessible = field.isAccessible();
            field.setAccessible(true);
            field.set(bean, newVal.apply(key, field.getType()));
            field.setAccessible(accessible);
            log.info("更新value: {}#{} = {}", beanName, field.getName(), field.get(bean));
        }
 
        private void injectMethod(BiFunction<String, Class, Object> newVal)
                throws Exception {
            Object bean = beanRef.get();
            if (bean == null) {
                return;
            }
            Object va = newVal.apply(key, methodParameter.getParameterType());
            methodParameter.getMethod().invoke(bean, va);
            log.info("更新method: {}#{} = {}", beanName, methodParameter.getMethod().getName(), va);
        }
 
        public boolean isField() {
            return this.field != null;
        }
    }
}

SpringValue的构建,主要就是基于反射需要使用到的一些关键信息的组成上;可以按需进行设计补充

到此,关于@Value注解的配置动态刷新就已经实现了,接下来写几个demo验证一下

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class IndexController {
    @Value("${config.type:-1}")
    private Integer type;
    @Value("${config.wechat:默认}")
    private String wechat;
 
    private String email;
 
    @Value("${config.email:default@email}")
    public IndexController setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
        return this;
    }
 
 
    @GetMapping(path = "update")
    public String updateCache(String key, String val) {
        SelfConfigContext.getInstance().updateConfig(key, val);
        return wechat + "_" + type + "_" + email;
    }
}

# 5. 小结

本文主要介绍了项目中配置的动态刷新的实现方案,也可以看作是apollo配置中心的简易实现原理,其中涉及到的知识点较多,下面做一个简单的小结

到此这篇关于揭秘SpringBoot!一分钟教你实现配置的动态神刷新的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot 动态刷新内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

您可能感兴趣的文章:
阅读全文