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SpringBoot+aop实现主从数据库的读写分离操作

作者：A尘埃

读写分离的作用是为了缓解写库,也就是主库的压力,但一定要基于数据一致性的原则,就是保证主从库之间的数据一定要一致,这篇文章给大家介绍SpringBoot+aop实现主从数据库的读写分离操作,感兴趣的朋友跟随小编一起看看吧

读写分离的作用是为了缓解写库，也就是主库的压力，但一定要基于数据一致性的原则，就是保证主从库之间的数据一定要一致。如果一个方法涉及到写的逻辑，那么该方法里所有的数据库操作都要走主库。

一、环境部署

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `user_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名称',
  `user_phone` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户手机',
  `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '住址',
  `weight` int(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '权重，大者优先',
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141952', '测试1', '18826334748', '广州市海珠区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:28:51', '2019-11-22 14:28:26');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141953', '测试2', '18826274230', '广州市天河区', '2', '2019-11-20 10:29:37', '2019-11-22 14:28:14');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141954', '测试3', '18826273900', '广州市天河区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:30:19', '2019-11-22 14:28:30');

二、依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### start-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### end-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

三、application.yml配置主从数据源

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  jackson:
      date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
      time-zone: GMT+8
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    master:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3307/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password:
    slave:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3308/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password:

四、Config配置

@Getter
public enum DynamicDataSourceEnum {
    MASTER("master"),
    SLAVE("slave");
    private String dataSourceName;
    DynamicDataSourceEnum(String dataSourceName) {
        this.dataSourceName = dataSourceName;
    }
}
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.xjt.proxy.mapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlTemplate")
public class DataSourceConfig{
	//主库
	@Bean
	@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")
	public DataSource masterDb(){
		return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
	}
	//从库
	@Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.datasource", name = "slave", matchIfMissing = true)
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")
    public DataSource slaveDb() {
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
	//主从动态配置
	@Bean
	public DynamicDataSource dynamicDb(@Qualifier("masterDb") DataSource masterDataSource,
        @Autowired(required = false) @Qualifier("slaveDb") DataSource slaveDataSource){
		DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
		Map<Object,Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
		targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER.getDataSourceName(), masterDataSource);
		if(slaveDataSource != null){
			targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE.getDataSourceName(), slaveDataSource);
		}
		dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        return dynamicDataSource;
	}
	@Bean
	public SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory(){
		SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setMapperLocations(
            new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*Mapper.xml"));
        bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        return bean.getObject();
	}
	@Bean
	public SqlSessionTemplate sqlTemplate(){
		return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
	}
	@Bean(name = "dataourceTx")
	public DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTx(){
		DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        return dataSourceTransactionManager;
	}
}

五、设置路由

为了方便查找对应的数据源，我们可以用ThreadLocal保存数据源的信息到每个线程中，方便我们需要时获取

pubic class DataSourceContextHolder{
	private static final ThreadLocal<String> DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();
	public static void set(String datasourceType) {
        DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.set(datasourceType);
    }
    public static String get() {
        return DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.get();
    }
    public static void clear() {
        DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.remove();
    }
}

AbstractRoutingDataSource的作用是基于查找key路由到对应的数据源，它内部维护了一组目标数据源，并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射，提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DataSourceContextHolder.get();
    }
}

六、数据源的注解

方便切换数据源，注解中包含数据源对应的枚举值，默认是主库

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Documented
public @interface DataSourceSelector {
    DynamicDataSourceEnum value() default DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER;
    boolean clear() default true;
}

七、Aop切换数据源

定义一个aop类，对有注解的方法做切换数据源的操作

@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class DataSourceContextAop {
 @Around("@annotation(com.xjt.proxy.dynamicdatasource.DataSourceSelector)")
    public Object setDynamicDataSource(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        boolean clear = true;
        try {
            Method method = this.getMethod(pjp);
            DataSourceSelector dataSourceImport = method.getAnnotation(DataSourceSelector.class);//获取注解标注的方法
            clear = dataSourceImport.clear();
            DataSourceContextHolder.set(dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName());
            log.info("========数据源切换至：{}", dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName());
            return pjp.proceed();
        } finally {
            if (clear) {
                DataSourceContextHolder.clear();
            }
        }
    }
    private Method getMethod(JoinPoint pjp) {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)pjp.getSignature();
        return signature.getMethod();
    }
}

八、测试

写好Service文件，包含读取和更新两个方法

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)
    public List<User> listUser() {
        List<User> users = userMapper.selectAll();
        return users;
    }
    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER)
    public int update() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952"));
        user.setUserName("修改后的名字2");
        return userMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user);
    }
    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)
    public User find() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952"));
        return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(user);
    }
}

根据方法上的注解可以看出，读的方法走从库，更新的方法走主库，更新的对象是userId为1196978513958141953 的数据

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class UserServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;
    @Test
    void listUser() {
        List<User> users = userService.listUser();
        for (User user : users) {
            System.out.println(user.getUserId());
            System.out.println(user.getUserName());
            System.out.println(user.getUserPhone());
        }
    }
    @Test
    void update() {
        userService.update();
        User user = userService.find();
        System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
}

读取方法

在这里插入图片描述

更新方法

在这里插入图片描述

执行之后，比对数据库就可以发现主从库都修改了数据，说明我们的读写分离是成功的。当然，更新方法可以指向从库，这样一来就只会修改到从库的数据，而不会涉及到主库。

到此这篇关于SpringBoot+aop实现主从数据库的读写分离的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot主从数据库的读写分离内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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