详解WPF如何动态生成DataGrid的行和列
作者:老码识途呀
在日常开发中,DataGrid作为二维表格,非常适合数据的展示和统计,本文以一些简单的小例子,简述在WPF开发中,如何动态生成DataGrid的行和列,需要的可以了解下
在日常开发中,DataGrid作为二维表格,非常适合数据的展示和统计。通常情况下,一般都有固定的格式和确定的数据列展示,但是在某些特殊情况下,也可能会需要用到动态生成列。本文以一些简单的小例子,简述在WPF开发中,如何动态生成DataGrid的行和列,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
涉及知识点
在本示例中,用到的知识点如下所示:
- CommunityToolkit.Mvvm,微软提供的一个基于.Net的MVVM框架库,通过此库,可以方便是实现数据绑定和命令绑定,达到前后端分离的目的。
- ObservableCollection ,相比较于List,当列表中的数据条数发生变化时,会自动进行通知,实现数据的实时更新。
- DataTable,表示内存的一个数据表格,可以动态创建列,并自动绑定到DataGrid中。
- ExpandoObject 表示一个动态对象,其内容可以动态添加和删除。
普通绑定
将ViewModel中的列表对象,绑定到View页面中的DataGrid,实现步骤如下:
1. 创建模型
创建绑定到DataGrid中的对象模型,如下所示:
public class Student { /// <summary> /// 唯一标识 /// </summary> public int Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 姓名 /// </summary> public string Name { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 年龄 /// </summary> public int Age { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 性别 /// </summary> public string Gender { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 地址 /// </summary> public string Addr { get; set; } }
2. 创建数据源列表对象
创建要绑定到视图层的列表对象Students,并赋值,如下所示:
public class GeneralBindingViewModel:ObservableObject { private ObservableCollection<Student> students; public ObservableCollection<Student> Students { get { return students; } set { SetProperty(ref students, value); } } public GeneralBindingViewModel() { Students=new ObservableCollection<Student>(); } #region Loaded命令 private ICommand winLoadedCommand; public ICommand WinLoadedCommand { get { if (winLoadedCommand == null) { winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded); } return winLoadedCommand; } } private void WinLoaded(object sender) { if (sender != null) { } if (Students == null || Students.Count < 1) { var parentName = new string[5] { "张", "王", "李", "赵", "刘" }; var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江苏", "河北", "湖北", "福建" }; for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { var student = new Student() { Id = i, Name = parentName[(i % 4)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A'), Age = 20 + (i % 5), Gender = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女", Addr = province[(i % 4)] }; this.Students.Add(student); } } } #endregion }
3. 视图绑定
在UI视图中,为DataGrid的ItemsSource属性绑定数据源,如下所示:
<Window x:Class="DemoDynamicBinding.GeneralBinding" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoDynamicBinding" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="基础绑定" Height="450" Width="800"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding WinLoadedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Window}}"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> <Grid> <DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Students}" CanUserAddRows="False" CanUserDeleteRows="False" ColumnWidth="*" ColumnHeaderHeight="30" RowHeight="25" AlternationCount="2" AlternatingRowBackground="AliceBlue" RowBackground="#ffffee"> </DataGrid> </Grid> </Window>
4. 关联视图层和ViewModel层
在视图文件对应的cs文件中,创建ViewModel对象,如下所示:
public partial class GeneralBinding : Window { private GeneralBindingViewModel viewModel; public GeneralBinding() { InitializeComponent(); if(viewModel == null) { viewModel = new GeneralBindingViewModel(); this.DataContext = viewModel; } } }
动态生成列
在WPF开发中,动态生成DataGrid列,共有两种方式:
1. DataTable作为数据源
通过DataTable作为数据源,可以不用创建模型,也不需要使用ObservableCollection对象,直接使用DataTable作为数据承载对象,DataGrid会根据DataTable的Columns列表自动生成列。如下所示:
public class DataTableBindingViewModel:ObservableObject { private DataTable students; public DataTable Students { get { return students; } set { SetProperty(ref students , value); } } public DataTableBindingViewModel() { Students = new DataTable(); } #region Loaded命令 private ICommand winLoadedCommand; public ICommand WinLoadedCommand { get { if (winLoadedCommand == null) { winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded); } return winLoadedCommand; } } private void WinLoaded(object sender) { if (sender != null) { } if (Students == null || Students.Rows.Count < 1) { var students = new DataTable(); students.Columns.Add("Id",typeof(int)); students.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string)); students.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(int)); students.Columns.Add("Gender", typeof(string)); students.Columns.Add("Addr", typeof(string)); var parentName = new string[5] { "张", "王", "李", "赵", "刘" }; var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江苏", "河北", "湖北", "福建" }; for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { var dr = students.NewRow(); dr["Id"] = i; dr["Name"] = parentName[(i % 5)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A'); dr["Age"] = 20 + (i % 5); dr["Gender"] = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女"; dr["Addr"] = province[(i % 5)]; students.Rows.Add(dr); } this.Students= students; } } #endregion }
2. ExpandoObject作为模型
ExpandoObject是dynamic类型,可以在运行时动态的添加和删除内容。而且ExpandoObject对象支持Key=Value形式,并可以对Key进行绑定。如下所示:
public class DynamicBindingViewModel : ObservableObject { private ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject> students; public ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject> Students { get { return students; } set { SetProperty(ref students , value); } } private DataGrid dataGrid; public DynamicBindingViewModel() { this.Students = new ObservableCollection<ExpandoObject>(); } #region Loaded命令 private ICommand winLoadedCommand; public ICommand WinLoadedCommand { get { if (winLoadedCommand == null) { winLoadedCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(WinLoaded); } return winLoadedCommand; } } private void WinLoaded(object sender) { if (sender != null) { var control = sender as DynamicBinding; if (control != null) { this.dataGrid = control.dgTest; } } if (Students == null || Students.Count < 1) { var parentName = new string[5] { "张", "王", "李", "赵", "刘" }; var province = new string[5] { "河南", "江苏", "河北", "湖北", "福建" }; for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { dynamic item = new ExpandoObject(); item.Id=i.ToString(); item.Name = parentName[(i % 5)] + i.ToString().PadLeft(2, 'A'); item.Age = 20 + (i % 5); item.Gender = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女"; item.Addr = province[(i % 5)]; this.Students.Add(item); } //添加列 this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "学号", Binding = new Binding("Id") }); this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "姓名", Binding = new Binding("Name") }); this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "年龄", Binding = new Binding("Age") }); this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "性别", Binding = new Binding("Gender") }); this.dataGrid.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn() { Header = "地址", Binding = new Binding("Addr") }); } } #endregion }
示例效果
以上三种方式,实现的效果都是一致的,只是分别应用到不同的场景中,如下所示:
到此这篇关于详解WPF如何动态生成DataGrid的行和列的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关WPF DataGrid动态生成行列内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!