Java请求Http接口OkHttp超详细讲解(附带工具类)
作者：苍煜
这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于Java请求Http接口OkHttp超详细讲解的相关资料,OkHttp是一款优秀的HTTP客户端框架,文中通过代码示例介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下
简介：
OkHttp是一个默认有效的HTTP客户端，有效地执行HTTP可以加快您的负载并节省带宽，如果您的服务有多个IP地址，如果第一次连接失败，OkHttp将尝试备用地址。这对于IPv4 + IPv6和冗余数据中心中托管的服务是必需的。OkHttp启动具有现代TLS功能（SNI，ALPN）的新连接，并在握手失败时回退到TLS 1.0，OkHttp支持Android 2.3及更高版本。对于Java，最低要求是1.7。
操作步骤：
1、创建OkhttpClient。
2、mClient执行newCall将Request转化成一个Call。
3、最后call执行excute同步执行，enqueue异步执行。
4、Request主要通过Request.Builder来构建。
5、缓存。
6、取消请求。
导包
<!--okhttp3-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
<version>4.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
GET请求
get无参
/**
* 以get方式调用第三方接口
* @param url
*/
public static void doGet1(String url) throws IOException {
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
final Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
.build();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
String string = response.body().string();
System.out.println(string);
}
get有参
public static void doGet2(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap) throws IOException {
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.get();//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
StringBuilder urlbuilder = new StringBuilder(url);
if (Objects.nonNull(paramMap)) {
urlbuilder.append("?");
paramMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
try {
urlbuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "utf-8")).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode((String) value, "utf-8")).append("&");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
urlbuilder.deleteCharAt(urlbuilder.length() - 1);
}
Request request = requestbuilder.url(urlbuilder.toString()).build();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
String string = response.body().string();
System.out.println(string);
}
get带参数和请求头
/**
* 以get方式调用第三方接口
* @param url
*/
public static void doGet3(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap,Map<String, String> heardMap) throws IOException {
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.get();//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
//增加参数
StringBuilder urlbuilder = new StringBuilder(url);
if (Objects.nonNull(paramMap)) {
urlbuilder.append("?");
paramMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
try {
urlbuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "utf-8")).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode((String) value, "utf-8")).append("&");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
urlbuilder.deleteCharAt(urlbuilder.length() - 1);
}
//增加请求头
Request.Builder heardBuilder = requestbuilder.url(urlbuilder.toString());
for (Map.Entry<String, String> stringObjectEntry : heardMap.entrySet()) {
heardBuilder.addHeader(stringObjectEntry.getKey(),stringObjectEntry.getValue());
}
Request request = heardBuilder.build();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
}
get请求 换种方式获取结果
/**
* 以get方式调用第三方接口
* @param url
*/
public static void doGet(String url,Map<String, Object> paramMap,Map<String, String> heardMap) {
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.get();//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
//增加参数
StringBuilder urlbuilder = new StringBuilder(url);
if (Objects.nonNull(paramMap)) {
urlbuilder.append("?");
paramMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
try {
urlbuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "utf-8")).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode((String) value, "utf-8")).append("&");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
urlbuilder.deleteCharAt(urlbuilder.length() - 1);
}
//增加请求头
Request.Builder heardBuilder = requestbuilder.url(urlbuilder.toString());
for (Map.Entry<String, String> stringObjectEntry : heardMap.entrySet()) {
heardBuilder.addHeader(stringObjectEntry.getKey(),stringObjectEntry.getValue());
}
Request request = heardBuilder.build();
Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
System.out.println( "onFailure: ");
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
}
});
}
POST请求
post-json传参
/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param json
*/
public static void doPost(String url, String json, Map<String, String> heardMap) throws IOException {
MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
String requestBody = json;
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(RequestBody.create(mediaType, requestBody));
//增加请求头
for (Map.Entry<String, String> stringObjectEntry : heardMap.entrySet()) {
requestbuilder.addHeader(stringObjectEntry.getKey(), stringObjectEntry.getValue());
}
Request request = requestbuilder.build();
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
}
post-params传参
/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param json
*/
public static void doPost(String url, String json, Map<String, String> heardMap) throws IOException {
MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
String requestBody = json;
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(RequestBody.create(mediaType, requestBody));
//增加请求头
for (Map.Entry<String, String> stringObjectEntry : heardMap.entrySet()) {
requestbuilder.addHeader(stringObjectEntry.getKey(), stringObjectEntry.getValue());
}
Request request = requestbuilder.build();
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
}
/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param paramMap
*/
public static void doPost1(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap,Map<String,String> heardMap) throws IOException {
FormBody.Builder formBody = new FormBody.Builder();
if (Objects.nonNull(paramMap)) {
paramMap.forEach((x, y) -> formBody.add(x, (String) y));
}
RequestBody requestBody = formBody.build();
Request.Builder requestbuilder = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody);
//增加请求头
for (Map.Entry<String, String> stringObjectEntry : heardMap.entrySet()) {
requestbuilder.addHeader(stringObjectEntry.getKey(), stringObjectEntry.getValue());
}
Request request = requestbuilder.build();
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
}
post-表单传参-上传文件
达到类似效果
public static void doPost2(String url,File file) throws IOException {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
RequestBody body = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("id", "111")
.addFormDataPart("content", "{\"do_layout\":1}")
.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), file))
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(body)
.addHeader("x-tilake-app-key", "")
.addHeader("x-tilake-ca-timestamp", "")
.addHeader("x-tilake-ca-signature", "")
.addHeader("Content-Type", body.contentType().toString())
.addHeader("Accept", "*/*")
.build();
try {
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
System.out.println(response.message());
System.out.println(response.code());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
提供一个工具类,可以直接使用
package com.example.httpdemo.okhttp;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import okhttp3.*;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Slf4j
public class OkHttpUtil {
public static final String MEDIA_TYPE_JSON = "application/json; charset=utf-8";
private OkHttpUtil() {
}
/**
* 获取默认的OkHttpClient
* @return
*/
public static OkHttpClient getOkHttpClient() {
return getOkHttpClient(60, 60, 60);
}
public static OkHttpClient getOkHttpClient(int connectTimeout, int readTimeOut, int writeTimeOut) {
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new okhttp3.OkHttpClient().newBuilder();
builder.connectTimeout(connectTimeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
builder.readTimeout(readTimeOut, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
builder.writeTimeout(writeTimeOut, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return builder.build();
}
/**
* get请求
* @param okHttpClient
* @param url
* @param headers header参数
* @return
*/
public static String get(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url, Headers headers) {
log.info("okHttpClient get url:{}.", url);
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).headers(headers).get().build();
String responseData = request(okHttpClient, url, request);
log.info("okHttpClient get url:{},request responseData====> {}", url, responseData);
return responseData;
}
public static String get(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url) {
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return get( okHttpClient, url, headers);
}
/**
* GET请求。使用默认的 okHttpClient 和 headers
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url) {
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = getOkHttpClient();
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return get( okHttpClient, url, headers);
}
/**
* post请求，获取响应结果
*
* @param okHttpClient
* @param url
* @param bodyJson
* @param headers
* @return
*/
public static String post(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url, JSONObject bodyJson, Headers headers) {
log.info("okHttpClient post url:{}, body====> {}", url, bodyJson);
MediaType mediaTypeJson = MediaType.parse(MEDIA_TYPE_JSON);
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(mediaTypeJson, JSON.toJSONString(bodyJson));
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).headers(headers).post(requestBody).build();
String responseData = request(okHttpClient, url, request);
log.info("okHttpClient post url:{},post responseData====> {}", url, responseData);
return responseData;
}
public static String post(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url, JSONObject bodyJson) {
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return post( okHttpClient, url, bodyJson, headers);
}
/**
* post请求。使用默认的 okHttpClient 和 headers
* @param url
* @param bodyJson
* @return
*/
public static String post( String url, JSONObject bodyJson) {
//使用默认的 okHttpClient
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = getOkHttpClient();
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
//如果需要自定义 okHttpClient或headers传参，可以调用以下方法
return post( okHttpClient, url, bodyJson, headers);
}
/**
* 获取响应结果
*
* @param okHttpClient
* @param url
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static String request(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url, Request request) {
String responseData = "";
try (Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute()) {
if (response != null && response.body() != null) {
return response.body().string();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("okHttpClient getResponse error.url:{}", url, e);
}
return responseData;
}
/**
* 上传文件
*
* @param okHttpClient okHttp客户端
* @param url 上传文件的url
* @param fileKey 文件对应的key
* @param formDataJson form-data参数
* @param headers
* @param file
* @return
*/
public static String uploadFile(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url,
String fileKey, File file, JSONObject formDataJson, Headers headers) {
log.info("uploadFile url:{}, uploadFile formDataJson====> {}", url, formDataJson);
// 支持传文件的同时，传参数。
MultipartBody requestBody = getMultipartBody(fileKey, file, formDataJson);
// 构建request请求体
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).headers(headers).post(requestBody).build();
String responseData = request(okHttpClient, url, request);
// 会在本地产生临时文件，用完后需要删除
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
return responseData;
}
/**
* 上传文件
* @param url
* @param fileKey form-data文件对应的key
* @param multipartFile 文件上传对应的 multipartFile
* @param formDataJson form-data参数
* @return
*/
public static String uploadFile(String url,
String fileKey, MultipartFile multipartFile, JSONObject formDataJson) {
//使用默认的okHttpClient
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = getOkHttpClient();
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return uploadFile(okHttpClient, url, fileKey, getFile(multipartFile), formDataJson, headers);
}
public static String uploadFile(OkHttpClient okHttpClient, String url,
String fileKey, File file, JSONObject formDataJson) {
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return uploadFile(okHttpClient, url, fileKey, file, formDataJson, headers);
}
/**
* 上传文件
* 使用默认的okHttpClient
*
* @param url
* @param fileKey form-data文件对应的key
* @param file 文件
* @param formDataJson form-data参数
* @return
*/
public static String uploadFile(String url,
String fileKey, File file, JSONObject formDataJson) {
//使用默认的okHttpClient
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = getOkHttpClient();
Headers headers = new Headers.Builder().build();
return uploadFile(okHttpClient, url, fileKey, file, formDataJson, headers);
}
/**
* 上传文件用。构建form-data 参数
*
* @param fileKey 文件对应的key
* @param file 文件
* @param formDataJson form-data参数
* @return
*/
public static MultipartBody getMultipartBody(String fileKey, File file, JSONObject formDataJson) {
RequestBody fileBody = RequestBody.create(MultipartBody.FORM, file);
MultipartBody.Builder bodyBuilder = new MultipartBody.Builder();
// 设置传参为form-data格式
bodyBuilder.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);
bodyBuilder.addFormDataPart(fileKey, file.getName(), fileBody);
// 添加 form-data参数
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : formDataJson.entrySet()) {
//参数通过 bodyBuilder.addFormDataPart(key, value) 添加
bodyBuilder.addFormDataPart(entry.getKey(), Objects.toString(entry.getValue(),""));
}
return bodyBuilder.build();
}
/**
* 获取文件
* @param multipartFile
* @return
*/
public static File getFile(MultipartFile multipartFile) {
File file = new File(Objects.requireNonNull(multipartFile.getOriginalFilename()));
try {
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(multipartFile.getInputStream(), file);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("copyInputStreamToFile error.", e);
}
return file;
}
}总结
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