Java SM2加密相关实现与简单原理详解
作者：LQX_XL
SM2算法可以用较少的计算能力提供比RSA算法更高的安全强度,而所需的密钥长度却远比RSA算法低,这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于Java SM2加密相关实现与简单原理的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下
首先我们应该了解SM2加密的主要用途：数字签名、密钥交换和公钥加密等应用。
以下为SM2加密的简单原理：
密钥生成：首先，生成一对公钥和私钥。公钥用于加密和验证签名，私钥用于解密和生成签名。
加密过程：
- 随机选择一个临时的非零整数k，计算椭圆曲线点C = k * G，其中G是曲线上的基点。
- 将明文数据转换为椭圆曲线上的点M。
- 计算椭圆曲线点C1 = k * G。
- 计算椭圆曲线点S = (h + x) * C1，其中h是哈希值，x是私钥。
- 将明文数据与S进行异或运算，得到密文C2。
- 将C1和C2组合在一起作为最终的加密结果。
解密过程：
- 使用私钥x计算椭圆曲线点C1' = x * C1。
- 从C1'中提取出明文数据M'。
- 将M'与密文C2进行异或运算，得到原始的明文数据。
我们要了解对于同一个公钥和同一个数据，多次加密的密文是不相同的！！！
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.gm.GMNamedCurves;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x9.X9ECParameters;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.CipherParameters;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.engines.SM2Engine;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.ECDomainParameters;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.ECPrivateKeyParameters;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.ECPublicKeyParameters;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.ParametersWithRandom;
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.signers.SM2Signer;
import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.ec.BCECPrivateKey;
import org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.asymmetric.ec.BCECPublicKey;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.spec.ECParameterSpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.math.ec.ECPoint;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.ECGenParameterSpec;
import java.util.Base64;
/**
* SM2工具类
* @author van
*/
public class SM2Util {
/**
* 生成 SM2 公私钥对
*
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
*/
public static KeyPair geneSM2KeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException {
final ECGenParameterSpec sm2Spec = new ECGenParameterSpec("sm2p256v1");
// 获取一个椭圆曲线类型的密钥对生成器
final KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("EC", new BouncyCastleProvider());
// 产生随机数
SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
// 使用SM2参数初始化生成器
kpg.initialize(sm2Spec, secureRandom);
// 获取密钥对
KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair();
return keyPair;
}
/**
* 生产hex秘钥对
*/
public static void geneSM2HexKeyPair(){
try {
KeyPair keyPair = geneSM2KeyPair();
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
System.out.println("======== EC X Y keyPair ========");
System.out.println(privateKey);
System.out.println(publicKey);
System.out.println("======== hex keyPair ========");
System.out.println("hex priKey: " + getPriKeyHexString(privateKey));
System.out.println("hex pubKey: " + getPubKeyHexString(publicKey));
System.out.println("======== base64 keyPair ========");
System.out.println("base64 priKey: " + new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(privateKey.getEncoded())));
System.out.println("base64 pubKey: " + new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKey.getEncoded())));
System.out.println("======== generate finished ========");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取私钥（16进制字符串，头部不带00长度共64）
*
* @param privateKey 私钥PrivateKey型
* @return
*/
public static String getPriKeyHexString(PrivateKey privateKey) {
// OK
// BCECPrivateKey s=(BCECPrivateKey)privateKey;
// String priKeyHexString = Hex.toHexString(s.getD().toByteArray());
// if(null!= priKeyHexString && priKeyHexString.length()==66 && "00".equals(priKeyHexString.substring(0,2))){
// return priKeyHexString.substring(2);
// }
// OK
BCECPrivateKey key = (BCECPrivateKey) privateKey;
BigInteger intPrivateKey = key.getD();
String priKeyHexString = intPrivateKey.toString(16);
return priKeyHexString;
}
/**
* 获取私钥 base64字符串
*
* @param privateKey 私钥PrivateKey型
* @return
*/
public static String getPriKeyBase64String(PrivateKey privateKey) {
return new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(privateKey.getEncoded()));
}
/**
* 获取公钥（16进制字符串，头部带04长度共130）
*
* @param publicKey 公钥PublicKey型
* @return
*/
public static String getPubKeyHexString(PublicKey publicKey) {
BCECPublicKey key = (BCECPublicKey) publicKey;
return Hex.toHexString(key.getQ().getEncoded(false));
}
/**
* 获取公钥 base64字符串
*
* @param publicKey 公钥PublicKey型
* @return
*/
public static String getPubKeyBase64String(PublicKey publicKey) {
return new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKey.getEncoded()));
}
/**
* SM2加密算法
*
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @param data 明文数据
* @return
*/
public static String encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) {
return encrypt(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), publicKey);
}
public static String encrypt(byte[] data, PublicKey publicKey) {
BCECPublicKey key = (BCECPublicKey) publicKey;
return encrypt(data, Hex.toHexString(key.getQ().getEncoded(false)));
}
public static String encrypt(String data, String pubKeyHexString) {
return encrypt(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), pubKeyHexString);
}
/**
* SM2加密算法
*
* @param pubKeyHexString 公钥（16进制字符串）
* @param data 明文数据
* @return hex字符串
*/
public static String encrypt(byte[] data, String pubKeyHexString) {
// 获取一条SM2曲线参数
X9ECParameters sm2ECParameters = GMNamedCurves.getByName("sm2p256v1");
// 构造ECC算法参数，曲线方程、椭圆曲线G点、大整数N
ECDomainParameters domainParameters = new ECDomainParameters(sm2ECParameters.getCurve(), sm2ECParameters.getG(), sm2ECParameters.getN());
//提取公钥点
ECPoint pukPoint = sm2ECParameters.getCurve().decodePoint(Hex.decode(pubKeyHexString));
// 公钥前面的02或者03表示是压缩公钥，04表示未压缩公钥, 04的时候，可以去掉前面的04
ECPublicKeyParameters publicKeyParameters = new ECPublicKeyParameters(pukPoint, domainParameters);
SM2Engine sm2Engine = new SM2Engine(SM2Engine.Mode.C1C3C2);
// 设置sm2为加密模式
sm2Engine.init(true, new ParametersWithRandom(publicKeyParameters, new SecureRandom()));
byte[] arrayOfBytes = null;
try {
arrayOfBytes = sm2Engine.processBlock(data, 0, data.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("SM2加密时出现异常:" + e.getMessage());
}
return Hex.toHexString(arrayOfBytes);
}
/**
* SM2解密算法
* @param cipherData hex格式密文
* @param privateKey 密钥PrivateKey型
* @return 明文
*/
public static String decrypt(String cipherData, PrivateKey privateKey) {
return decrypt(Hex.decode(cipherData), privateKey);
}
public static String decrypt(byte[] cipherData, PrivateKey privateKey) {
BCECPrivateKey key = (BCECPrivateKey) privateKey;
return decrypt(cipherData, Hex.toHexString(key.getD().toByteArray()));
}
public static String decrypt(String cipherData, String priKeyHexString) {
// 使用BC库加解密时密文以04开头，传入的密文前面没有04则补上
if (!cipherData.startsWith("04")) {
cipherData = "04" + cipherData;
}
return decrypt(Hex.decode(cipherData), priKeyHexString);
}
/**
* SM2解密算法
*
* @param cipherData 密文数据
* @param priKeyHexString 私钥（16进制字符串）
* @return
*/
public static String decrypt(byte[] cipherData, String priKeyHexString) {
//获取一条SM2曲线参数
X9ECParameters sm2ECParameters = GMNamedCurves.getByName("sm2p256v1");
//构造domain参数
ECDomainParameters domainParameters = new ECDomainParameters(sm2ECParameters.getCurve(), sm2ECParameters.getG(), sm2ECParameters.getN());
BigInteger privateKeyD = new BigInteger(priKeyHexString, 16);
ECPrivateKeyParameters privateKeyParameters = new ECPrivateKeyParameters(privateKeyD, domainParameters);
SM2Engine sm2Engine = new SM2Engine(SM2Engine.Mode.C1C3C2);
// 设置sm2为解密模式
sm2Engine.init(false, privateKeyParameters);
String result = "";
try {
byte[] arrayOfBytes = sm2Engine.processBlock(cipherData, 0, cipherData.length);
return new String(arrayOfBytes);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("SM2解密时出现异常:" + e.getMessage());
}
return result;
}
/**
* @param data
* @param priKeyHexString hex私钥，长度64
* @return hex格式签名值
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(String data, String priKeyHexString) throws Exception {
return sign(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), priKeyHexString);
}
/**
* 签名
* @param data 原始数据，字节数组
* @param priKeyHexString hex私钥，64长度
* @return Hex字符串
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(byte[] data, String priKeyHexString) throws Exception {
String signValue = null;
SM2Signer signer = new SM2Signer();
X9ECParameters sm2ECParameters = GMNamedCurves.getByName("sm2p256v1");
//构造domain参数
ECDomainParameters domainParameters = new ECDomainParameters(sm2ECParameters.getCurve(), sm2ECParameters.getG(), sm2ECParameters.getN());
CipherParameters param = new ParametersWithRandom(new ECPrivateKeyParameters(new BigInteger(priKeyHexString, 16), domainParameters));
signer.init(true, param);
signer.update(data, 0, data.length);
signValue = Hex.toHexString(signer.generateSignature());
return signValue;
}
/**
* 验签
* @param data 原始数据
* @param signValue 原始签名值(hex型)
* @param publicKeyHexString hex130长度公钥
* @return ture or false
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(String data, String signValue, String publicKeyHexString) throws Exception {
return verify(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), Hex.decode(signValue), publicKeyHexString);
}
/**
* 验签
* @param data 原始数据字节数组
* @param sign 字节数组()
* @param publicKeyHexString hex130长度公钥
* @return true or false
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] sign, String publicKeyHexString) throws Exception {
SM2Signer signer = new SM2Signer();
X9ECParameters sm2ECParameters = GMNamedCurves.getByName("sm2p256v1");
//构造domain参数
ECDomainParameters domainParameters = new ECDomainParameters(sm2ECParameters.getCurve(), sm2ECParameters.getG(), sm2ECParameters.getN());
if (publicKeyHexString.length() == 128) {
publicKeyHexString = "04" + publicKeyHexString;
}
ECPoint ecPoint = sm2ECParameters.getCurve().decodePoint(Hex.decode(publicKeyHexString));
CipherParameters param = new ECPublicKeyParameters(ecPoint, domainParameters);
signer.init(false, param);
signer.update(data, 0, data.length);
return signer.verifySignature(sign);
}
/**
* 私钥生成公钥
* @param priKeyHexString 私钥Hex格式，必须64位
* @return 公钥Hex格式，04开头，130位
* @throws Exception 例如：
* 04181db7fe400641115c0dec08e23d8ddb94c5999f2fb6efd03030780142e077a63eb4d47947ef5baee7f40fec2c29181d2a714d9c6cba87b582f252a4e3e9a9f8
* 11d0a44d47449d48d614f753ded6b06af76033b9c3a2af2b8b2239374ccbce3a
*/
public static String getPubKeyByPriKey(String priKeyHexString) throws Exception {
if (priKeyHexString == null || priKeyHexString.length() != 64) {
System.err.println("priKey 必须是Hex 64位格式，例如：11d0a44d47449d48d614f753ded6b06af76033b9c3a2af2b8b2239374ccbce3a");
return "";
}
String pubKeyHexString = null;
X9ECParameters sm2ECParameters = GMNamedCurves.getByName("sm2p256v1");
//构造domain参数
BigInteger privateKeyD = new BigInteger(priKeyHexString, 16);
ECParameterSpec ecParameterSpec = new ECParameterSpec(sm2ECParameters.getCurve(), sm2ECParameters.getG(), sm2ECParameters.getN());
ECPrivateKeySpec ecPrivateKeySpec = new ECPrivateKeySpec(privateKeyD, ecParameterSpec);
PrivateKey privateKey = null;
privateKey = KeyFactory.getInstance("EC", new BouncyCastleProvider()).generatePrivate(ecPrivateKeySpec);
// 临时解决办法
String pointString = privateKey.toString();
// System.out.println(pointString);
String pointString_X = pointString.substring(pointString.indexOf("X: ") + "X: ".length(), pointString.indexOf("Y: ")).trim();
String pointString_Y = pointString.substring(pointString.indexOf("Y: ") + "Y: ".length()).trim();
// System.out.println(pointString_X);
// System.out.println(pointString_Y);
pubKeyHexString = "04" + pointString_X + pointString_Y;
return pubKeyHexString;
}
// 将字符串转换为十六进制字符串
public static String stringToHex(String str) {
StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder();
for (char ch : str.toCharArray()) {
hexString.append(Integer.toHexString((int) ch));
}
return hexString.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("====== sm2utils test ======");
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("username","jsdxzx");
jsonObject.put("password","1");
jsonObject.put("clientId","jsdxzx");
jsonObject.put("grantType","password_credentials");
jsonObject.put("passwordEncode",true);
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(jsonObject);
String M = jsonString;
System.out.println("mingwen\t" + M);
System.out.println("begin 开始生成密钥对>>>");
KeyPair keyPair = geneSM2KeyPair();
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
String pubKeyHexString = getPubKeyHexString(publicKey);
System.out.println("publicKey\t" + pubKeyHexString);
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
String priKeyHexString = getPriKeyHexString(privateKey);
System.out.println("privateKey\t" + priKeyHexString);
System.out.println("end 结束生成密钥对>>>");
priKeyHexString="4f0341e5977b175e0ec0e1fdefd2799b13dd25c51716133ef42ba76c0edd973d"; //1
pubKeyHexString="04e523210b3407464839723558e0d82765b9e2cac9491bd86c99c89b9fc43fbe9a94395ee3138dbc4ae43daa8fe01fd512de8568102e34c66989eb2b306611b518"; //1
System.out.println("publicKey\t" + pubKeyHexString);
String cipherData = encrypt(M, pubKeyHexString);
System.out.println("miwen\t" + cipherData);
String text = decrypt(cipherData, priKeyHexString);
System.out.println("jiemi\t" + text);
String sign = sign(M, priKeyHexString);
System.out.println("signvalue\t" + sign);
sign="304402204bbd4b026f58f1e072c2ab1f736a730ed5c2f6773ef4855df5e87f9ea54f14be02205e9b6146b5273e6f37fe6d9d8f059bc46f7042a10da224130a4e0ba8619d967c";
boolean verifyResult = verify(M, sign, pubKeyHexString);
System.out.println("verifyResult\t" + verifyResult);
}
}总结
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