Java深度优先遍历解决排列组合问题详解
作者:小星星*
深度优先遍历-解决排列组合问题
问题1
假设袋子里有编号为1,2,…,m这m个球。现在每次从袋子中取一个球记下编号,放回袋中再取,取n次作为一组,枚举所有可能的情况。
分析: 每一次取都有m种可能的情况,因此一共有 m n m^n mn种情况。 这里我们取m = 3, n = 4,则有 3 4 3^4 34种不同的情况。
代码:
import java.util.Stack; public class Test { static int cnt = 0; static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>(); /** * 递归方法,当实际选取的小球数目与要求选取的小球数目相同时,跳出递归 * @param minv - 小球编号的最小值 * @param maxv - 小球编号的最大值 * @param curnum - 当前已经确定的小球的个数 * @param maxnum - 要选取的小球的数目 */ public static void kase1(int minv,int maxv,int curnum, int maxnum){ if(curnum == maxnum){ cnt++; System.out.println(s); return; } for(int i = minv; i <= maxv; i++){ s.push(i); kase1(minv, maxv, curnum+1, maxnum); s.pop(); } } public static void main(String[] args){ kase1(1, 3, 0, 4); System.out.println(cnt); } }
输出:
[1, 1, 1, 1]
[1, 1, 1, 2]
[1, 1, 1, 3]
[1, 1, 2, 1]
[1, 1, 2, 2]
[1, 1, 2, 3]
[1, 1, 3, 1]
[1, 1, 3, 2]
[1, 1, 3, 3]
[1, 2, 1, 1]
[1, 2, 1, 2]
[1, 2, 1, 3]
[1, 2, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 2, 2]
[1, 2, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 2]
[1, 2, 3, 3]
[1, 3, 1, 1]
[1, 3, 1, 2]
[1, 3, 1, 3]
[1, 3, 2, 1]
[1, 3, 2, 2]
[1, 3, 2, 3]
[1, 3, 3, 1]
[1, 3, 3, 2]
[1, 3, 3, 3]
[2, 1, 1, 1]
[2, 1, 1, 2]
[2, 1, 1, 3]
[2, 1, 2, 1]
[2, 1, 2, 2]
[2, 1, 2, 3]
[2, 1, 3, 1]
[2, 1, 3, 2]
[2, 1, 3, 3]
[2, 2, 1, 1]
[2, 2, 1, 2]
[2, 2, 1, 3]
[2, 2, 2, 1]
[2, 2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 3]
[2, 2, 3, 1]
[2, 2, 3, 2]
[2, 2, 3, 3]
[2, 3, 1, 1]
[2, 3, 1, 2]
[2, 3, 1, 3]
[2, 3, 2, 1]
[2, 3, 2, 2]
[2, 3, 2, 3]
[2, 3, 3, 1]
[2, 3, 3, 2]
[2, 3, 3, 3]
[3, 1, 1, 1]
[3, 1, 1, 2]
[3, 1, 1, 3]
[3, 1, 2, 1]
[3, 1, 2, 2]
[3, 1, 2, 3]
[3, 1, 3, 1]
[3, 1, 3, 2]
[3, 1, 3, 3]
[3, 2, 1, 1]
[3, 2, 1, 2]
[3, 2, 1, 3]
[3, 2, 2, 1]
[3, 2, 2, 2]
[3, 2, 2, 3]
[3, 2, 3, 1]
[3, 2, 3, 2]
[3, 2, 3, 3]
[3, 3, 1, 1]
[3, 3, 1, 2]
[3, 3, 1, 3]
[3, 3, 2, 1]
[3, 3, 2, 2]
[3, 3, 2, 3]
[3, 3, 3, 1]
[3, 3, 3, 2]
[3, 3, 3, 3]
81
问题2
假设袋子里有编号为1,2,…,m这m个球。先后从袋子中取出n个球,依次记录编号,枚举所有可能的情况。
分析: 这是排列问题,如果取出的球顺序不同,也是算不同的情况。因此应该有m∗(m−1)∗(m−2)∗...∗(m−n+1)种情况,即
种 这里取m = 5, n = 3。则有5*4*3种。 和问题1相比,唯一的区别是排列中不可以有重复。因此开了used数组用以标记是否已经访问。
代码:
import java.util.Stack; public class Test { static int cnt = 0; static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>(); static boolean[] used = new boolean[10000]; /** * 递归方法,当实际选取的小球数目与要求选取的小球数目相同时,跳出递归 * @param minv - 小球编号的最小值 * @param maxv - 小球编号的最大值 * @param curnum - 当前已经确定的小球的个数 * @param maxnum - 要选取的小球的数目 */ public static void kase2(int minv,int maxv,int curnum, int maxnum){ if(curnum == maxnum){ cnt++; System.out.println(s); return; } for(int i = minv; i <= maxv; i++){ if(!used[i]){ //判断是否已经取过 s.push(i); used[i] = true; kase2(minv, maxv, curnum+1, maxnum); s.pop(); used[i] = false; } } } public static void main(String[] args){ kase2(1, 5, 0, 3); System.out.println(cnt); } }
输出:
[1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 4]
[1, 2, 5]
[1, 3, 2]
[1, 3, 4]
[1, 3, 5]
[1, 4, 2]
[1, 4, 3]
[1, 4, 5]
[1, 5, 2]
[1, 5, 3]
[1, 5, 4]
[2, 1, 3]
[2, 1, 4]
[2, 1, 5]
[2, 3, 1]
[2, 3, 4]
[2, 3, 5]
[2, 4, 1]
[2, 4, 3]
[2, 4, 5]
[2, 5, 1]
[2, 5, 3]
[2, 5, 4]
[3, 1, 2]
[3, 1, 4]
[3, 1, 5]
[3, 2, 1]
[3, 2, 4]
[3, 2, 5]
[3, 4, 1]
[3, 4, 2]
[3, 4, 5]
[3, 5, 1]
[3, 5, 2]
[3, 5, 4]
[4, 1, 2]
[4, 1, 3]
[4, 1, 5]
[4, 2, 1]
[4, 2, 3]
[4, 2, 5]
[4, 3, 1]
[4, 3, 2]
[4, 3, 5]
[4, 5, 1]
[4, 5, 2]
[4, 5, 3]
[5, 1, 2]
[5, 1, 3]
[5, 1, 4]
[5, 2, 1]
[5, 2, 3]
[5, 2, 4]
[5, 3, 1]
[5, 3, 2]
[5, 3, 4]
[5, 4, 1]
[5, 4, 2]
[5, 4, 3]
60
问题3
从m个球里(编号为1,2,3…,m)一次取n个球,其中m>n,记录取出球的编号,枚举所有的可能性。
分析: 这是组合问题。应该有
种可能性。 这里,如果取m = 8, n = 4. 则有
种可能。
代码:
import java.util.Stack; public class Test { static int cnt = 0; static Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>(); /** * 递归方法,当前已抽取的小球个数与要求抽取小球个数相同时,退出递归 * @param curnum - 当前已经抓取的小球数目 * @param curmaxv - 当前已经抓取小球中最大的编号 * @param maxnum - 需要抓取小球的数目 * @param maxv - 待抓取小球中最大的编号 */ public static void kase3(int curnum, int curmaxv, int maxnum, int maxv){ if(curnum == maxnum){ cnt++; System.out.println(s); return; } for(int i = curmaxv + 1; i <= maxv; i++){ // i <= maxv - maxnum + curnum + 1 s.push(i); kase3(curnum + 1, i, maxnum, maxv); s.pop(); } } public static void main(String[] args){ kase3(0, 0, 4, 8); System.out.println(cnt); } }
输出:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 7]
[1, 2, 3, 8]
[1, 2, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 4, 6]
[1, 2, 4, 7]
[1, 2, 4, 8]
[1, 2, 5, 6]
[1, 2, 5, 7]
[1, 2, 5, 8]
[1, 2, 6, 7]
[1, 2, 6, 8]
[1, 2, 7, 8]
[1, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 3, 4, 6]
[1, 3, 4, 7]
[1, 3, 4, 8]
[1, 3, 5, 6]
[1, 3, 5, 7]
[1, 3, 5, 8]
[1, 3, 6, 7]
[1, 3, 6, 8]
[1, 3, 7, 8]
[1, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 4, 5, 7]
[1, 4, 5, 8]
[1, 4, 6, 7]
[1, 4, 6, 8]
[1, 4, 7, 8]
[1, 5, 6, 7]
[1, 5, 6, 8]
[1, 5, 7, 8]
[1, 6, 7, 8]
[2, 3, 4, 5]
[2, 3, 4, 6]
[2, 3, 4, 7]
[2, 3, 4, 8]
[2, 3, 5, 6]
[2, 3, 5, 7]
[2, 3, 5, 8]
[2, 3, 6, 7]
[2, 3, 6, 8]
[2, 3, 7, 8]
[2, 4, 5, 6]
[2, 4, 5, 7]
[2, 4, 5, 8]
[2, 4, 6, 7]
[2, 4, 6, 8]
[2, 4, 7, 8]
[2, 5, 6, 7]
[2, 5, 6, 8]
[2, 5, 7, 8]
[2, 6, 7, 8]
[3, 4, 5, 6]
[3, 4, 5, 7]
[3, 4, 5, 8]
[3, 4, 6, 7]
[3, 4, 6, 8]
[3, 4, 7, 8]
[3, 5, 6, 7]
[3, 5, 6, 8]
[3, 5, 7, 8]
[3, 6, 7, 8]
[4, 5, 6, 7]
[4, 5, 6, 8]
[4, 5, 7, 8]
[4, 6, 7, 8]
[5, 6, 7, 8]
70
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