SpringBoot通过Nginx代理获取真实IP
作者：北风浊酒
springboot作为后台代码,获取到的登录IP是前台的代理服务器地址,并不是用户的真实IP地址,本文主要介绍了SpringBoot通过Nginx代理获取真实IP,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的可以了解一下
springboot作为后台代码，获取到的登录IP是前台的代理服务器地址，并不是用户的真实IP地址，让我们在做统计的时候无从下手。下面是一个后台获取IP地址的类，本质上没有什么问题，问题在于，Nginx给你的就是一个代理之后的地址，所以你当然获取不到真实的地址了。
package com.**.common.core.utils.ip;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.**.common.core.utils.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
/**
* 获取IP方法
*
* @author Hxhh
*/
public class IpUtils
{
/**
* 获取客户端IP
*
* @param request 请求对象
* @return IP地址
*/
public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request)
{
if (request == null)
{
return "unknown";
}
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
{
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
{
ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
{
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
{
ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
{
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip) ? "127.0.0.1" : getMultistageReverseProxyIp(ip);
}
public static String getIpAddr(ServerHttpRequest request) {
HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders();
String ip = headers.getFirst("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
// 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
if (ip.indexOf(",") != -1) {
ip = ip.split(",")[0];
}
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = headers.getFirst("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = headers.getFirst("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = headers.getFirst("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = headers.getFirst("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = headers.getFirst("X-Real-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
}
return ip;
}
/**
* 检查是否为内部IP地址
*
* @param ip IP地址
* @return 结果
*/
public static boolean internalIp(String ip)
{
byte[] addr = textToNumericFormatV4(ip);
return internalIp(addr) || "127.0.0.1".equals(ip);
}
/**
* 检查是否为内部IP地址
*
* @param addr byte地址
* @return 结果
*/
private static boolean internalIp(byte[] addr)
{
if (StringUtils.isNull(addr) || addr.length < 2)
{
return true;
}
final byte b0 = addr[0];
final byte b1 = addr[1];
// 10.x.x.x/8
final byte SECTION_1 = 0x0A;
// 172.16.x.x/12
final byte SECTION_2 = (byte) 0xAC;
final byte SECTION_3 = (byte) 0x10;
final byte SECTION_4 = (byte) 0x1F;
// 192.168.x.x/16
final byte SECTION_5 = (byte) 0xC0;
final byte SECTION_6 = (byte) 0xA8;
switch (b0)
{
case SECTION_1:
return true;
case SECTION_2:
if (b1 >= SECTION_3 && b1 <= SECTION_4)
{
return true;
}
case SECTION_5:
switch (b1)
{
case SECTION_6:
return true;
}
default:
return false;
}
}
/**
* 将IPv4地址转换成字节
*
* @param text IPv4地址
* @return byte 字节
*/
public static byte[] textToNumericFormatV4(String text)
{
if (text.length() == 0)
{
return null;
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
String[] elements = text.split("\\.", -1);
try
{
long l;
int i;
switch (elements.length)
{
case 1:
l = Long.parseLong(elements[0]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 4294967295L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[0] = (byte) (int) (l >> 24 & 0xFF);
bytes[1] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFFFF) >> 16 & 0xFF);
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFF) >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 2:
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[0]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[0] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[1]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 16777215L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[1] = (byte) (int) (l >> 16 & 0xFF);
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) ((l & 0xFFFF) >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 3:
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
{
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[i]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[i] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
}
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[2]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 65535L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[2] = (byte) (int) (l >> 8 & 0xFF);
bytes[3] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
break;
case 4:
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
l = Integer.parseInt(elements[i]);
if ((l < 0L) || (l > 255L))
{
return null;
}
bytes[i] = (byte) (int) (l & 0xFF);
}
break;
default:
return null;
}
}
catch (NumberFormatException e)
{
return null;
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 获取IP地址
*
* @return 本地IP地址
*/
public static String getHostIp()
{
try
{
return InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
}
catch (UnknownHostException e)
{
}
return "127.0.0.1";
}
/**
* 获取主机名
*
* @return 本地主机名
*/
public static String getHostName()
{
try
{
return InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
}
catch (UnknownHostException e)
{
}
return "未知";
}
/**
* 从多级反向代理中获得第一个非unknown IP地址
*
* @param ip 获得的IP地址
* @return 第一个非unknown IP地址
*/
public static String getMultistageReverseProxyIp(String ip)
{
// 多级反向代理检测
if (ip != null && ip.indexOf(",") > 0)
{
final String[] ips = ip.trim().split(",");
for (String subIp : ips)
{
if (false == isUnknown(subIp))
{
ip = subIp;
break;
}
}
}
return ip;
}
/**
* 检测给定字符串是否为未知，多用于检测HTTP请求相关
*
* @param checkString 被检测的字符串
* @return 是否未知
*/
public static boolean isUnknown(String checkString)
{
return StringUtils.isBlank(checkString) || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(checkString);
}
}那么如何识别客户端的真实IP呢，需要通过两种方式去判断：
1、没有代理
如果只是普通的web项目的话，通过 request.getRemoteAddr(); （HttpServletRequest 类型） 即可获取到客户端的真实IP
2、Nginx代理
在有代理的情况下，由于任何请求首先经过Nginx，故通过request.getRemoteAddr()获取的其实是Nginx的IP，并非真实的客户端IP;此时通过x-forwarded-for获取的IP为："客户端，代理1，代理2，..."或者"伪造IP,客户端，代理1，代理2，..."，故不能获取到准确的客户端IP，此时需要配置Nginx TCP客户端连接的真实IP，通过代理配置获取真实IP，可以通过$remote_addr获取客户端IP，Nginx配置如下：
location / {
//追加如下代码
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}然后服务端通过： request.getHeader("X-Real-IP"); 即可获取到客户端的真实IP
到此这篇关于SpringBoot通过Nginx代理获取真实IP的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringBoot Nginx获取真实IP内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！