shiro 认证流程操作
作者:快乐的小三菊
一、背景
我们可以使用 shiro 进行认证操作,下面粘贴的是 LoginController 的代码,模拟用户登录的请求操作:
@Controller @Slf4j public class LoginController { @RequestMapping("/login") public String login(User user) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getUserName()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())) { return "error"; } //用户认证信息 Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = new UsernamePasswordToken( user.getUserName(), user.getPassword()); usernamePasswordToken.setRememberMe(true); try { //进行验证,这里可以捕获异常,然后返回对应信息 subject.login(usernamePasswordToken); } catch (UnknownAccountException e) { log.error("用户名不存在!", e); return "error"; } catch (AuthenticationException e) { log.error("账号或密码错误!", e); return "error"; } catch (AuthorizationException e) { log.error("没有权限!", e); return "error"; } return "shiro_index"; } }
二、源码追踪分析
我们先获取用户输入的 userName 和 passWord ,然后将 userName 和 passWord 这两个参数传入到 UsernamePasswordToken 中获取 token 对象,最后调用SecurityUtils.getSubject() 的 login() 方法将 token 传入做系统校验。
我们进入源码查看下 login() 方法底层是如何实现的,可以看到主要还是调用了 securityManager 安全管理器的 login() 方法。
public void login(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { clearRunAsIdentitiesInternal(); // 主要是这块的方法 Subject subject = securityManager.login(this, token); PrincipalCollection principals; String host = null; if (subject instanceof DelegatingSubject) { DelegatingSubject delegating = (DelegatingSubject) subject; //we have to do this in case there are assumed identities - we don't want to lose the 'real' principals: principals = delegating.principals; host = delegating.host; } else { principals = subject.getPrincipals(); } if (principals == null || principals.isEmpty()) { String msg = "Principals returned from securityManager.login( token ) returned a null or " + "empty value. This value must be non null and populated with one or more elements."; throw new IllegalStateException(msg); } this.principals = principals; this.authenticated = true; if (token instanceof HostAuthenticationToken) { host = ((HostAuthenticationToken) token).getHost(); } if (host != null) { this.host = host; } Session session = subject.getSession(false); if (session != null) { this.session = decorate(session); } else { this.session = null; } }
我们继续进入源码查看 securityManager 安全管理器的 login() 方法是如何实现的,可以看到在这个方法中定义了 AuthenticationInfo 对象来接收从 Relam 传来的认证信息。
public Subject login(Subject subject, AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { AuthenticationInfo info; try { // 主要是这块的方法 info = authenticate(token); } catch (AuthenticationException ae) { try { onFailedLogin(token, ae, subject); } catch (Exception e) { if (log.isInfoEnabled()) { log.info("onFailedLogin method threw an " + "exception. Logging and propagating original AuthenticationException.", e); } } throw ae; //propagate } Subject loggedIn = createSubject(token, info, subject); onSuccessfulLogin(token, info, loggedIn); return loggedIn; }
我们继续进入源码查看 authenticate() 方法是如何实现的,我们发现这个方法内部调用了 authenticator 对象的 authenticate() 方法。
public AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { return this.authenticator.authenticate(token); }
我们继续进入源码查看 authenticator 对象的 authenticate() 方法是如何实现的。我们发现在这个方法的内部调用了 doAuthenticate() 方法。
public final AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { if (token == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Method argument (authentication token) cannot be null."); } log.trace("Authentication attempt received for token [{}]", token); AuthenticationInfo info; try { // 主要看这块的代码 info = doAuthenticate(token); if (info == null) { String msg = "No account information found for authentication token [" + token + "] by this " + "Authenticator instance. Please check that it is configured correctly."; throw new AuthenticationException(msg); } } catch (Throwable t) { AuthenticationException ae = null; if (t instanceof AuthenticationException) { ae = (AuthenticationException) t; } if (ae == null) { //Exception thrown was not an expected AuthenticationException. Therefore it is probably a little more //severe or unexpected. So, wrap in an AuthenticationException, log to warn, and propagate: String msg = "Authentication failed for token submission [" + token + "]. Possible unexpected " + "error? (Typical or expected login exceptions should extend from AuthenticationException)."; ae = new AuthenticationException(msg, t); if (log.isWarnEnabled()) log.warn(msg, t); } try { notifyFailure(token, ae); } catch (Throwable t2) { if (log.isWarnEnabled()) { String msg = "Unable to send notification for failed authentication attempt - listener error?. " + "Please check your AuthenticationListener implementation(s). Logging sending exception " + "and propagating original AuthenticationException instead..."; log.warn(msg, t2); } } throw ae; } log.debug("Authentication successful for token [{}]. Returned account [{}]", token, info); notifySuccess(token, info); return info; }
我们继续进入源码查看 doAuthenticate() 方法是如何实现的。我们发现在这个方法的内部调用了 doAuthenticate() 方法。
protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { assertRealmsConfigured(); Collection<Realm> realms = getRealms(); if (realms.size() == 1) { return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realms.iterator().next(), authenticationToken); } else { return doMultiRealmAuthentication(realms, authenticationToken); } }
这个 assertRealmsConfigured() 方法是判断 relam 是否存在,若不存在就会抛出异常,它会根据 relam 的个数来判断执行哪个方法,我在上一篇文章中只定义了一个 relam ,所以它会执行 doSingleRealmAuthentication() 这个方法,并且会将 relam 和 token 传入进去。
我们继续进入源码查看 doSingleRealmAuthentication() 方法是如何实现的, 我们可以看到,在这里它会先判断 realm 是否支持 token ,若支持,则接下来执行 getAuthenticationInfo() 方法。
protected AuthenticationInfo doSingleRealmAuthentication(Realm realm, AuthenticationToken token) { if (!realm.supports(token)) { String msg = "Realm [" + realm + "] does not support authentication token [" + token + "]. Please ensure that the appropriate Realm implementation is " + "configured correctly or that the realm accepts AuthenticationTokens of this type."; throw new UnsupportedTokenException(msg); } AuthenticationInfo info = realm.getAuthenticationInfo(token); if (info == null) { String msg = "Realm [" + realm + "] was unable to find account data for the " + "submitted AuthenticationToken [" + token + "]."; throw new UnknownAccountException(msg); } return info; }
我们继续进入源码查看 getAuthenticationInfo() 方法是如何实现的, getCachedAuthenticationInfo() 方法是从 shiro 缓存中读取用户信息,如果没有,才会从 relam 中获取,如果是第一次登录,缓存中指定没有我们的认证信息,所以会执行 doGetAuthenticationInfo() 这个方法。
public final AuthenticationInfo getAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { AuthenticationInfo info = getCachedAuthenticationInfo(token); if (info == null) { //otherwise not cached, perform the lookup: info = doGetAuthenticationInfo(token); log.debug("Looked up AuthenticationInfo [{}] from doGetAuthenticationInfo", info); if (token != null && info != null) { cacheAuthenticationInfoIfPossible(token, info); } } else { log.debug("Using cached authentication info [{}] to perform credentials matching.", info); } if (info != null) { assertCredentialsMatch(token, info); } else { log.debug("No AuthenticationInfo found for submitted AuthenticationToken [{}]. Returning null.", token); } return info; }
我们继续进入源码查看 doGetAuthenticationInfo() 方法是如何实现的,我们发现其实现类有如下几个,其中 CustomRealm 就是我们自定义实现的。
我们再来看一下,我们自定义的 CustomRealm 中的 doGetAuthenticationInfo() 代码 ,这个方法就是需要查询数据库中的数据并进行一个简单的校验,最后封装成 SimpleAuthorizationInfo 对象再返回去。
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { if(StringUtils.isEmpty(authenticationToken.getPrincipal())) { return null; } // 获取用户信息 String userName = authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString(); User user = userService.selectByUserName(userName); // 用户是否存在 if(user == null) { throw new UnknownAccountException(); } // 是否激活 if(user !=null && user.getStatus().equals("0")){ throw new DisabledAccountException(); } // 是否锁定 if(user!=null && user.getStatus().equals("3")){ throw new LockedAccountException(); } // 若存在将此用户存放到登录认证info中,无需做密码比对shiro会为我们进行密码比对校验 if(user !=null && user.getStatus().equals("1")){ ByteSource credentialsSalt = ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getUserName()+ "salt"); /** 这里验证authenticationToken和simpleAuthenticationInfo的信息,构造方法支持三个或者四个参数, * 第一个参数传入userName或者是user对象都可以。 * 第二个参数传入数据库中该用户的密码(记得是加密后的密码) * 第三个参数传入加密的盐值,若没有则可以不加 * 第四个参数传入当前Relam的名字 **/ SimpleAuthenticationInfo simpleAuthenticationInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userName, user.getPassword().toString(),credentialsSalt, getName()); return simpleAuthenticationInfo; } return null; }
截至到目前为止,我们算是获取到了认证信息了,接下来就是看下 shiro 是怎么进行认证的,我们返回去再看下 AuthenticatingRealm 类的 getAuthenticationInfo() 方法,我们可以看到,获取完信息之后就需要进行密码匹配,会调用 assertCredentialsMatch() 方法。
public final AuthenticationInfo getAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { AuthenticationInfo info = getCachedAuthenticationInfo(token); if (info == null) { //otherwise not cached, perform the lookup: info = doGetAuthenticationInfo(token); log.debug("Looked up AuthenticationInfo [{}] from doGetAuthenticationInfo", info); if (token != null && info != null) { cacheAuthenticationInfoIfPossible(token, info); } } else { log.debug("Using cached authentication info [{}] to perform credentials matching.", info); } if (info != null) { // 进行密码匹配 assertCredentialsMatch(token, info); } else { log.debug("No AuthenticationInfo found for submitted AuthenticationToken [{}]. Returning null.", token); } return info; }
我们进入到 assertCredentialsMatch() 方法看下它是如何实现的,首先获取一个 CredentialsMatcher 对象,翻译成汉语就是凭证匹配器,这个类的作用就是将用户输入的密码以某种方式计算加密。之后会调用 doCredentialsMatch() 方法。
protected void assertCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationInfo info) throws AuthenticationException { CredentialsMatcher cm = getCredentialsMatcher(); if (cm != null) { if (!cm.doCredentialsMatch(token, info)) { //not successful - throw an exception to indicate this: String msg = "Submitted credentials for token [" + token + "] did not match the expected credentials."; throw new IncorrectCredentialsException(msg); } } else { throw new AuthenticationException("A CredentialsMatcher must be configured in order to verify " + "credentials during authentication. If you do not wish for credentials to be examined, you " + "can configure an " + AllowAllCredentialsMatcher.class.getName() + " instance."); } }
我们进入到 doCredentialsMatch() 方法,我们可以看到,这里用 equals 方法对 token 中加密的密码和从数据中取出来的 info 中的密码进行对比,若相同则返回 true ,失败就返回 false ,并抛出 AuthenticationException ,并将 info 返回到 defaultSecurityManager 中。
public boolean doCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationInfo info) { Object tokenHashedCredentials = hashProvidedCredentials(token, info); Object accountCredentials = getCredentials(info); return equals(tokenHashedCredentials, accountCredentials); }
三、常见异常
1、DisabledAccountException:禁用的账号
2、LockedAccountException:锁定的账号
3、UnknownAccountException:错误的账号
4、ExcessiveAttemptsException:登录失败次数过多
5、IncorrectCredentialsException:错误的凭证
6、ExpiredCredentialsException:过期的凭证
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