Spring Cache优化数据库访问的项目实践
作者：冷风扇666
本文主要介绍了Spring Cache优化数据库访问的项目实践,将创建一个简单的图书管理应用作为示例,并演示如何通过缓存减少对数据库的频繁查询,感兴趣的可以了解一下
在这篇博客中，我们将学习如何使用Spring Cache来优化数据库访问，提高系统性能。我们将创建一个简单的图书管理应用作为示例，并演示如何通过缓存减少对数据库的频繁查询。
1. 项目结构
首先，我们看一下项目的基本结构：
lfsun-study-cacheable |-- src | |-- main | |-- java | |-- com.lfsun.cacheable | |-- controller | |-- BookController.java | |-- dao | |-- BookRepository.java | |-- entity | |-- Book.java | |-- service | |-- BookService.java | |-- impl | |-- BookServiceImpl.java | |-- LfsunStudyCacheableApplication.java | |-- resources | |-- application.properties |-- pom.xml
2. 项目依赖
我们使用了Spring Boot和Spring Data JPA来简化项目配置。以下是主要的Maven依赖：
<!-- Spring Boot Starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Lombok for easy POJOs -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL Connector -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.28</version>
</dependency>
3. 数据库配置
配置MySQL数据库连接信息和Hibernate方言：
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/lfsun_study spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=root spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
4. 实体类
定义一个简单的实体类Book，用于表示图书信息：
@Entity
@Data
@Table(name = "cacheable_book")
public class Book implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
private String title;
private String author;
}
5. 数据访问层
创建一个JPA Repository接口 BookRepository，用于数据库交互：
public interface BookRepository extends JpaRepository<Book, Long> {
Book findByTitle(String title);
void deleteByTitle(String title);
}
6. 服务层
实现一个 BookService 接口，并创建具体的服务实现 BookServiceImpl。在服务实现中，使用Spring Cache注解来优化数据库访问：
@Service
@AllArgsConstructor
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
private final BookRepository bookRepository;
@Override
@Cacheable(value = "books", key = "#title")
public Book getByTitle(String title) {
System.out.println("Getting book from database for title: " + title);
return bookRepository.findByTitle(title);
}
@Override
@CachePut(value = "books", key = "#result.title")
public Book save(Book book) {
System.out.println("Saving book to database: " + book.getTitle());
return bookRepository.save(book);
}
@Override
@Transactional
@CacheEvict(value = "books", key = "#title")
public void deleteByTitle(String title) {
System.out.println("Deleting book from database for title: " + title);
bookRepository.deleteByTitle(title);
}
}
7. 控制器层
创建REST控制器 BookController 处理图书的获取、保存和删除操作：
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
@AllArgsConstructor
public class BookController {
private final BookService bookService;
@GetMapping("/{title}")
public Book getBookByTitle(@PathVariable String title) {
return bookService.getByTitle(title);
}
@PostMapping
public Book saveBook(@RequestBody Book book) {
return bookService.save(book);
}
@PostMapping("/delete/{title}")
public ResponseEntity<String> deleteBookByTitle(@PathVariable String title) {
bookService.deleteByTitle(title);
return new ResponseEntity<>("Book deleted successfully", HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
8. 主应用程序类
在主应用程序类 LfsunStudyCacheableApplication 上启用Spring缓存：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class LfsunStudyCacheableApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LfsunStudyCacheableApplication.class, args);
}
}
测试
1. 新增图书
POST http://localhost:8888/books
Content-Type: application/json
{
"title": "JavaStudy777",
"author": "冷风扇",
"isbn": "1234567890"
}
2. 获取图书信息
# GET请求 GET http://localhost:8888/books/JavaStudy777
3. 删除图书
# POST请求 POST http://localhost:8888/books/delete/JavaStudy777
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