Java中资源加载的方法及Spring的ResourceLoader应用小结
作者:冷风扇666
在Java开发中,资源加载是一个基础而重要的操作。本文将深入探讨Java中两种常见的资源加载方式:ClassLoader的getResource方法和Class的getResource方法,并介绍Spring框架中的ResourceLoader的应用。
1. 资源加载的两种方式
1.1 ClassLoader的getResource方法
URL resourceFromClass = classLoader.getResource("demo.txt");
ClassLoader
的getResource
方法是通过当前类的ClassLoader
实例来加载资源。路径是相对于classpath的,可以轻松获取单个资源。需要注意的是,路径不要以"/"开头,否则可能返回null。
1.2 Class的getResource方法
URL resourceFromClassWithPath = aClass.getResource("dir/demo.txt");
Class
的getResource
方法通过当前类来加载资源,路径是相对于当前类所在的包。如果资源名以"/"开头,会以classpath为基准路径加载资源。这种方式可以方便地获取当前类包内的资源。
2. 获取批量资源
Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF");
通过ClassLoader
的getResources
方法,可以获取指定路径下的所有资源,返回一个Enumeration
对象。这对于需要处理多个配置文件或元数据文件的场景非常有用。
3. Spring的ResourceLoader和ResourcePatternResolver
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); Resource[] springResources = resolver.getResources("classpath:/spring/*.xml");
Spring框架提供了ResourceLoader
和ResourcePatternResolver
接口,封装了资源加载的方法。在上述代码中,通过PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver
实例,可以使用通配符获取classpath下的所有xml文件。这对于加载多个配置文件非常方便。
4. 完整示例
package com.lfsun.resources; import org.springframework.core.io.Resource; import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver; import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.URL; import java.util.Enumeration; public class MyResource { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 获取单个资源 // 获取当前类的Class对象 Class<MyResource> aClass = MyResource.class; // 获取当前类的ClassLoader ClassLoader classLoader = aClass.getClassLoader(); // 使用ClassLoader获取资源,路径相对于classpath URL resourceFromClass = classLoader.getResource("demo.txt"); // 使用Class获取资源,路径相对于当前类所在的包 URL resourceFromClassWithPath = aClass.getResource("dir/demo.txt"); // 输出资源内容 if (resourceFromClass != null) { byte[] bytes = readBytesFromStream(resourceFromClass.openStream()); System.out.println("ClassLoader获取的资源内容: " + new String(bytes)); } if (resourceFromClassWithPath != null) { byte[] bytes = readBytesFromStream(resourceFromClassWithPath.openStream()); System.out.println("Class获取的资源内容: " + new String(bytes)); } // 获取批量资源 Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/MANIFEST.MF"); while (resources.hasMoreElements()) { URL manifestResource = resources.nextElement(); System.out.println("Manifest资源: " + manifestResource); } // 使用Spring的ResourceLoader和ResourcePatternResolver ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); // 使用通配符获取classpath下的所有xml文件 Resource[] springResources = resolver.getResources("classpath:/spring/*.xml"); // 输出Spring资源内容 for (Resource springResource : springResources) { InputStream stream = springResource.getInputStream(); byte[] bytes = readBytesFromStream(stream); System.out.println("Spring资源内容: " + new String(bytes)); } } private static byte[] readBytesFromStream(InputStream stream) throws IOException { StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(); byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int bytesRead; while ((bytesRead = stream.read(bytes)) != -1) { buffer.append(new String(bytes, 0, bytesRead)); } return buffer.toString().getBytes(); } }
输出:
D:\Config\java-17\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2023.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=62858:D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2023.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\lfsun-study-java17\lfsun-study-resources\target\classes;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\3.2.1\spring-boot-starter-3.2.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\3.2.1\spring-boot-3.2.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\6.1.2\spring-context-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\6.1.2\spring-aop-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\6.1.2\spring-beans-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\6.1.2\spring-expression-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\io\micrometer\micrometer-observation\1.12.1\micrometer-observation-1.12.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\io\micrometer\micrometer-commons\1.12.1\micrometer-commons-1.12.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\3.2.1\spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.2.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\3.2.1\spring-boot-starter-logging-3.2.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.4.14\logback-classic-1.4.14.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.4.14\logback-core-1.4.14.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.21.1\log4j-to-slf4j-2.21.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.21.1\log4j-api-2.21.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\2.0.9\jul-to-slf4j-2.0.9.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\2.1.1\jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\6.1.2\spring-core-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\6.1.2\spring-jcl-6.1.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\2.2\snakeyaml-2.2.jar;D:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\2.0.9\slf4j-api-2.0.9.jar com.lfsun.resources.MyResource
ClassLoader获取的资源内容: 这是 demo.txt 的内容。Class获取的资源内容: 这是 dir/demo.txt 的内容。
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/3.2.1/spring-boot-starter-3.2.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/3.2.1/spring-boot-3.2.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/6.1.2/spring-context-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/6.1.2/spring-aop-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/6.1.2/spring-beans-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/6.1.2/spring-expression-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-observation/1.12.1/micrometer-observation-1.12.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-commons/1.12.1/micrometer-commons-1.12.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/3.2.1/spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.2.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/3.2.1/spring-boot-starter-logging-3.2.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.4.14/logback-classic-1.4.14.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.4.14/logback-core-1.4.14.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.21.1/log4j-to-slf4j-2.21.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.21.1/log4j-api-2.21.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/2.0.9/jul-to-slf4j-2.0.9.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/2.1.1/jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/6.1.2/spring-core-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/6.1.2/spring-jcl-6.1.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/2.2/snakeyaml-2.2.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Users/Administrator/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.9/slf4j-api-2.0.9.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Manifest资源: jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/JetBrains/IntelliJ%20IDEA%202023.2.4/lib/idea_rt.jar!/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
Spring资源内容: <!-- config1.xml -->
<beans>
<bean id="bean1" class="com.lfsun.resources.entity.Bean1"/>
</beans>Spring资源内容: <!-- config2.xml -->
<beans>
<bean id="bean2" class="com.lfsun.resources.entity.Bean2"/>
</beans>Process finished with exit code 0
代码结构:
以上输出演示了通过ClassLoader和Class获取资源的内容,以及使用Spring的ResourceLoader加载多个资源的过程。
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