Vim配置完整示例详解
作者：Varden
这篇文章主要介绍了Vim配置的相关资料,包括通用配置,常用插件配置,设置插件的方法,本文给大家讲解的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考
1. 通用配置
在用户家目录下创建配置文件~/.vimrc，通用配置如下：
"===通用配置===" "去掉vi的一致性" set nocompatible "显示行号" "set number "隐藏滚动条" set guioptions-=r set guioptions-=L set guioptions-=b "隐藏顶部标签栏" set showtabline=0 "设置字体" set guifont=Monaco:h13 "开启语法高亮" syntax on "solarized主题设置在终端下的设置" let g:solarized_termcolors=256 "设置背景色" set background=dark "颜色主题" colorscheme solarized "设置不折行" set nowrap "设置以unix的格式保存文件" set fileformat=unix "设置C样式的缩进格式" set cindent "设置tab长度" set tabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 "显示匹配的括号" set showmatch "距离顶部和底部5行" set scrolloff=5 "命令行为两行" set laststatus=2 "文件编码" set fenc=utf-8 set backspace=2 "启用鼠标" set mouse=a set selection=exclusive set selectmode=mouse,key set matchtime=5 "忽略大小写" set ignorecase set incsearch "高亮搜索项" set hlsearch "不允许扩展tab" set noexpandtab set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l set autoread "突出显示当前行" "set cursorline "突出显示当前列" set cursorcolumn "按F9进入粘贴模式" set nopaste set pastetoggle=<F9>
2. 常用插件配置
2.1 环境说明
Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Vim 8.0
Python 3.6.7
2.2 安装并设置Vundle核心插件
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
编辑~/.vimrc文件，添加以下内容：
"===设置Vundle核心插件===" filetype off set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() "安装的插件列表" "核心插件，用于安装其他所有插件" Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim' "美化状态栏" Plugin 'powerline/powerline' "类似IDE的补全插件" Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe' "添加一个树形目录" Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree' "缩进指示线" Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine' "自动格式化代码" Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8' "括号和引号自动补全" Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs' "多行注释" Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter' "实时语法检查" Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic' "美化状态栏" Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline' call vundle#end() "开启文件类型自动检测，编写代码时自动换行对齐" filetype plugin indent on
保存文件并使用以下命令安装插件：
:PluginInstall
2.3 编译YouCompleteMe插件
apt-get install build-essential cmake apt-get install python3-dev apt-get install python-dev ##可选，最新版Debian系统bullseye（testing版本）已经移除python2，只支持python3 cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe git submodule update --init --recursive ./install.py
遇到的问题：
YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim 8.1.2269+.
Vim提示以上错误，原因是当前最新版的YouCompleteMe插件要求Vim的版本为8.1.2269+，必须升级Vim，Debian 10自带的Vim版本达不到要求。
源码编译安装Vim太麻烦，可以考虑使用Debian bullseye（testing版本）自带的Vim 8.2以上的版本。
The ycmd server SHUT DOWN (restart with ':YcmRestartServer'). Unexpected error while loading the YCM core library. Type ':YcmToggleLogs ycmd_46199_stderr_zazh98c3.log' to check the logs.
File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 498, in ImportAndCheckCore
ycm_core = ImportCore()
File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 489, in ImportCore
import ycm_core as ycm_core
ImportError: Python version mismatch: module was compiled for Python 3.7, but the interpreter version is incompatible: 3.8.5 (default, Aug 2 2020, 15:09:07)
[GCC 10.2.0].
Vim提示以上错误，原因是Python版本从3.7升级到了3.8，原来编译的YouCompleteMe插件不兼容Python 3.8，必须重新基于3.8版本编译此插件。
3. 设置插件
3.1 设置一键运行Python代码（可用）
"===设置按F5运行Python==="
map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
let mp = &makeprg
let ef = &errorformat
let exeFile = expand("%:t")
setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
silent make %
copen
let &makeprg = mp
let &errorformat = ef
endfunction必须安装依赖包：
pip3 install autopep8
3.2 设置YouCompleteMe插件（可用）
"===设置YouCompleteMe插件===" "默认配置文件路径" let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py' "打开vim时不再询问是否加载ycm_extra_conf.py配置" let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0 set completeopt=longest,menu "Python解释器路径" let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3' "是否开启语义补全" let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1 "是否在注释中也开启补全" let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1 let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0 "开始补全的字符数" let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2 "补全后自动关机预览窗口" let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1 "禁止缓存匹配项,每次都重新生成匹配项" let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0 "字符串中也开启补全" let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1 "离开插入模式后自动关闭预览窗口" autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif
debian 10自带vim不支持python问题，vim打开文件会有以下提示：
YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim compiled with Python (3.6.0+) support. Press ENTER or type command to continue
必须安装以下依赖包：
apt-get install vim-gtk
3.3 设置NERDTree插件（可用）
"===设置NERDTree插件===" "F2开启和关闭树" map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR> let NERDTreeChDirMode=1 "显示书签" let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1 "设置忽略文件类型" let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$'] "窗口大小" let NERDTreeWinSize=25
3.4 设置indentLine插件（可用）
"===设置indentLine插件===" "缩进指示线" let g:indentLine_char='┆' let g:indentLine_enabled = 1
3.5 设置autopep8插件（可用）
"===设置autopep8插件===" let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1
3.6 设置nerdcommenter插件（可用）
"nerdcommenter的leader默认为\，可以用下面的命令更改" let mapleader=',' "在normal模式下按v并移动光标选择需要注释的行，再按F4就可以为所有选中的行添加注释" map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>
4. 完整配置示例
"===通用配置==="
"去掉vi的一致性"
set nocompatible
"显示行号"
"set number
"隐藏滚动条"
set guioptions-=r
set guioptions-=L
set guioptions-=b
"隐藏顶部标签栏"
set showtabline=0
"设置字体"
set guifont=Monaco:h13
"开启语法高亮"
syntax on
"solarized主题设置在终端下的设置"
let g:solarized_termcolors=256
"设置背景色"
set background=dark
"设置不折行"
set nowrap
"设置以unix的格式保存文件"
set fileformat=unix
"设置C样式的缩进格式"
set cindent
"设置tab长度"
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"显示匹配的括号"
set showmatch
"距离顶部和底部5行"
set scrolloff=5
"命令行为两行"
set laststatus=2
"文件编码"
set fenc=utf-8
set backspace=2
"忽略大小写"
set ignorecase
set incsearch
"高亮搜索项"
set hlsearch
"不允许扩展tab"
set noexpandtab
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
set autoread
"突出显示当前行"
"set cursorline
"突出显示当前列"
set cursorcolumn
"按F9进入粘贴模式"
set nopaste
set pastetoggle=<F9>
"===设置Vundle核心插件==="
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
"安装的插件列表"
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
Plugin 'powerline/powerline'
Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8'
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
call vundle#end()
"开启文件类型自动检测，编写代码时自动换行对齐"
filetype plugin indent on
"===设置按F5运行Python==="
map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
let mp = &makeprg
let ef = &errorformat
let exeFile = expand("%:t")
setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
silent make %
copen
let &makeprg = mp
let &errorformat = ef
endfunction
"===设置YouCompleteMe插件==="
"默认配置文件路径"
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
"打开vim时不再询问是否加载ycm_extra_conf.py配置"
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
set completeopt=longest,menu
"Python解释器路径"
let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
"是否开启语义补全"
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
"是否在注释中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0
"开始补全的字符数"
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2
"补全后自动关机预览窗口"
let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1
"禁止缓存匹配项,每次都重新生成匹配项"
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0
"字符串中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"离开插入模式后自动关闭预览窗口"
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif
"===设置NERDTree插件==="
"F2开启和关闭树"
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeChDirMode=1
"显示书签"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
"设置忽略文件类型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']
"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25
"===设置indentLine插件==="
"缩进指示线"
let g:indentLine_char='┆'
let g:indentLine_enabled = 1
"===设置autopep8插件==="
let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1
"===设置nerdcommenter插件==="
"nerdcommenter的leader默认为\，可以用下面的命令更改"
let mapleader=','
"在normal模式下按v并移动光标选择需要注释的行，再按F4就可以为所有选中的行添加注释"
map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>Debian的vim右键进入visual模式：
Debian默认装好vim之后，右键不能粘贴，反而进入了visual模式，甚是恼人，可通过如下方法修改。
vim版本：version 8.1.0875
修改方法：
编辑/usr/share/vim/vim81/defaults.vim文件，定位到第79行，在mouse=a的=前面加个-，如下：
if has('mouse')
set mouse-=a
endif保存退出即可生效。
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