浅析WPF中控件拖拽与拖动的实现
作者:公子小六
使用过office的visio软件画图的小伙伴都知道,画图软件分为两部分,左侧图形库,存放各种图标,右侧是一个画布,将左侧图形库的图标控件拖拽到右侧画布,就会生成一个新的控件,并且可以自由拖动。那如何在WPF程序中,实现类似的功能呢?今天就以一个简单的小例子,简述如何在WPF中实现控件的拖拽和拖动,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
涉及知识点
WPF控件的拖拽与拖动,主要涉及知识点如下所示:
- 容器布局,本示例采用左右布局,主容器采用Grid并分成两列进行布局,左侧图标库采用UniformGrid布局,右侧画布采用Canvas布局。
- 控件拖拽,当图标库中的图标控件被鼠标按下时,通过调用 DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法实现拖拽功能,并且设置画布的AllowDrop属性为true,并触发拖拽松开事件。
- 控件拖动,当图标库中的图标拖拽到新画布容器后,就会生成一个新的控件,通过属性按下事件,鼠标移动事件,鼠标升起事件,来实现控件的拖动。
实现步骤
1. 页面布局
根据布局说明,页面分为左右两部分【Grid容器】,左侧图标库【UniformGrid】,右侧画布【Canvas】,如下所示:
<Window x:Class="DemoDragAndDrop.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoDragAndDrop" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding WinLoadedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Window}}"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Border Grid.Column="0" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border> <Border Grid.Column="1" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border> <UniformGrid Grid.Column="0" Columns="2" VerticalAlignment="Top"> <UniformGrid.Resources> <Style TargetType="TextBlock"> <Setter Property="Width" Value="100"></Setter> <Setter Property="Height" Value="40"></Setter> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"></Setter> <Setter Property="TextAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter> <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10"></Setter> <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5"></Setter> <Setter Property="Background" Value="Blue"></Setter> <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"></Setter> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter> </Style> </UniformGrid.Resources> <TextBlock Text="文本" Tag="Text"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> </TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="按钮" Tag="Button"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> </TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="单选按钮"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="复选按钮"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="圆形"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="长方形"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="直线"></TextBlock> <TextBlock Text="三角形"></TextBlock> </UniformGrid> <Canvas x:Name="container" Grid.Column="1" AllowDrop="True" Background="White"> <i:Interaction.Triggers> <i:EventTrigger EventName="Drop"> <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding CanvasDropCommand}" PassEventArgsToCommand="True"/> </i:EventTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> </Canvas> </Grid> </Window>
注意,在页面布局中,为图标库中的图标绑定了MouseLeftButtonDown事件命令,当鼠标左键按下时触发对应的事件,并开始拖拽。如下所示:
private ICommand iconMouseLeftDownCommand; public ICommand IconMouseLeftDownCommand { get { if (iconMouseLeftDownCommand == null) { iconMouseLeftDownCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(IconMouseLeftDown); } return iconMouseLeftDownCommand; } } private void IconMouseLeftDown(object sender) { var tag = (sender as TextBlock)?.Tag?.ToString(); if (tag == null) { return; } var data = new DragDropData() { Tag = tag }; //开启准备拖动操作 DragDrop.DoDragDrop((DependencyObject)sender, data, DragDropEffects.Copy); }
注意,在调用DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法开始拖拽时,此方法有三个参数【DoDragDrop(DependencyObject dragSource, object data, DragDropEffects allowedEffects)】,说明如下:
- 第一个参数是拖拽源控件。
- 第二个参数用于传递数据,可以传递参数,用于区分详细信息。
- 第三个参数是拖拽效果
在画布容器中松开拖拽的鼠标左键时,触发画布Drop事件,在此事件中创建新的控件,如下所示:
private ICommand canvasDropCommand; public ICommand CanvasDropCommand { get { if (canvasDropCommand == null) { canvasDropCommand = new RelayCommand<DragEventArgs>(CanvasDrop); } return canvasDropCommand; } } private void CanvasDrop(DragEventArgs e) { var data = e.Data.GetData(typeof(DragDropData)) as DragDropData; if (data != null) { var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas); if (data.Tag == "Text") { //创建文本 Border border = new Border(); border.BorderThickness = new Thickness(1); border.BorderBrush = Brushes.Black; TextBlock text = new TextBlock() { Width = 120, Height = 30, Text = "文本1", FontSize = 14, Background = Brushes.LightGray, TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center, Padding = new Thickness(5) }; border.Child = text; border.MouseDown += Container_Control_MouseDown; border.MouseMove += Container_Control_MouseMove; border.MouseUp += Container_Control_MouseUp; this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(border); Canvas.SetLeft(border, position.X - 60); Canvas.SetTop(border, position.Y - 15); } if (data.Tag == "Button") { Button button = new Button() { Width = 120, Height = 30, Content = "按钮1", FontSize = 14, Background = Brushes.LightGray, HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center, VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center, Padding = new Thickness(5), BorderBrush = Brushes.Black, BorderThickness = new Thickness(1) }; button.AddHandler(Button.MouseDownEvent,new MouseButtonEventHandler( Container_Control_MouseDown),true); button.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseMove), true); button.AddHandler(Button.MouseUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseUp), true); this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(button); Canvas.SetLeft(button, position.X - 60); Canvas.SetTop(button, position.Y - 15); } } }
注意:在此事件中,以下几点需要注意:
- 通过e.Data.GetData方法获取传递的参数。
- 通过e.GetPosition方法获取鼠标相对位置。参数是相对的对象,如Canvas容器等。
- 容器的Drop事件中,根据传递的内容创建控件对象,并为新创建的控件对象绑定MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp方法。其中Button按钮,由于鼠标按下事件和本省自带的Click事件相冲突,所以需要通过AddHandler方法添加鼠标事件。
- 通过Canvas.SetLeft,Canvas.SetTop方法设置控件对象在画布容器中的位置。
2. 控件拖动
在控件对象的MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp三个事件中,实现控件的拖动效果。即在MouseDown时开始,MouseMove中不断设置控件的Left,Top的值随鼠标而动,在MouseUp时停止。
private void Container_Control_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { if(e.LeftButton== MouseButtonState.Released) { Mouse.Capture(null); } } private void Container_Control_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (e.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed) { var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas); Canvas.SetLeft((UIElement)sender,position.X-60); Canvas.SetTop((UIElement)sender,position.Y-15); } } private void Container_Control_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { if(e.LeftButton ==MouseButtonState.Pressed) { Mouse.Capture((IInputElement)sender); } }
注意,启动Mouse.Capture功能是为了捕获鼠标的焦点,使其在鼠标移动期间一直保持焦点,防止鼠标与控件分离。
示例效果
本示例主要为了说明,只是简单地 实现了控件拖拽,拖动等效果,具体如下所示:
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