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C/C++使用API实现数据的压缩与解压缩

作者:微软技术分享

在Windows编程中,经常会遇到需要对数据进行压缩和解压缩的情况,本文将深入探讨使用Windows API进行数据压缩与解压缩的过程,感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解下

在Windows编程中,经常会遇到需要对数据进行压缩和解压缩的情况,数据压缩是一种常见的优化手段,能够减小数据的存储空间并提高传输效率。Windows提供了这些API函数,本文将深入探讨使用Windows API进行数据压缩与解压缩的过程,主要使用ntdll.dll库中的相关函数。

RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize

RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize 函数,位于ntdll.dll库中。该函数用于获取数据压缩所需的工作空间大小。CompressionFormatAndEngine参数指定压缩格式和引擎,CompressBufferWorkSpaceSizeCompressFragmentWorkSpaceSize分别用于输出缓冲区和片段的工作空间大小。

以下是该函数的声明:

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormatAndEngine,
	_Out_ PULONG CompressBufferWorkSpaceSize,
	_Out_ PULONG CompressFragmentWorkSpaceSize
);

该函数有以下参数:

函数返回NTSTATUS类型的状态码,其中STATUS_SUCCESS表示成功执行。

在使用这个函数时,你需要提供足够大的缓冲区来存储工作空间大小。可以按照以下步骤使用该函数:

RtlCompressBuffer

RtlCompressBuffer 同样位于ntdll.dll库中。该函数用于将数据进行压缩。CompressionFormatAndEngine参数指定压缩格式和引擎,UncompressedBufferUncompressedBufferSize表示输入的未压缩数据,CompressedBufferCompressedBufferSize表示输出的压缩数据,UncompressedChunkSize表示未压缩数据的块大小,FinalCompressedSize表示最终压缩后的大小,WorkSpace表示用于工作的缓冲区。

以下是该函数的声明:

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlCompressBuffer)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormatAndEngine,
	_In_  PUCHAR UncompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedBufferSize,
	_Out_ PUCHAR CompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  CompressedBufferSize,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedChunkSize,
	_Out_ PULONG FinalCompressedSize,
	_In_  PVOID  WorkSpace
);

该函数的参数包括:

函数返回NTSTATUS类型的状态码,其中STATUS_SUCCESS表示成功执行。

在使用这个函数时,你需要提供足够大的缓冲区来存储压缩后的数据。可以按照以下步骤使用该函数:

RtlDecompressBuffer

RtlDecompressBuffer 同样位于ntdll.dll库中。该函数用于将压缩数据进行解压缩。CompressionFormat参数指定压缩格式,UncompressedBufferUncompressedBufferSize表示输出的未压缩数据,CompressedBufferCompressedBufferSize表示输入的压缩数据,FinalUncompressedSize表示最终解压缩后的大小。

以下是该函数的声明:

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlDecompressBuffer)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormat,
	_Out_ PUCHAR UncompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedBufferSize,
	_In_  PUCHAR CompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  CompressedBufferSize,
	_Out_ PULONG FinalUncompressedSize
);

该函数的参数包括:

函数返回NTSTATUS类型的状态码,其中STATUS_SUCCESS表示成功执行。

在使用这个函数时,你需要提供足够大的缓冲区来存储解压后的数据。可以按照以下步骤使用该函数:

// 代码来源 《WINDOWS黑客编程技术详解》
// 作者:甘迪文
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <windef.h>

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormatAndEngine,
	_Out_ PULONG CompressBufferWorkSpaceSize,
	_Out_ PULONG CompressFragmentWorkSpaceSize
	);

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlCompressBuffer)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormatAndEngine,
	_In_  PUCHAR UncompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedBufferSize,
	_Out_ PUCHAR CompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  CompressedBufferSize,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedChunkSize,
	_Out_ PULONG FinalCompressedSize,
	_In_  PVOID  WorkSpace
	);

typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI *typedef_RtlDecompressBuffer)(
	_In_  USHORT CompressionFormat,
	_Out_ PUCHAR UncompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  UncompressedBufferSize,
	_In_  PUCHAR CompressedBuffer,
	_In_  ULONG  CompressedBufferSize,
	_Out_ PULONG FinalUncompressedSize
	);

// 数据压缩
BOOL CompressData(BYTE *pUncompressData, DWORD dwUncompressDataLength, BYTE **ppCompressData, DWORD *pdwCompressDataLength)
{
	BOOL bRet = FALSE;
	NTSTATUS status = 0;
	HMODULE hModule = NULL;
	typedef_RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize = NULL;
	typedef_RtlCompressBuffer RtlCompressBuffer = NULL;
	DWORD dwWorkSpaceSize = 0, dwFragmentWorkSpaceSize = 0;
	BYTE *pWorkSpace = NULL;
	BYTE *pCompressData = NULL;
	DWORD dwCompressDataLength = 4096;
	DWORD dwFinalCompressSize = 0;
	do
	{
		// 加载 ntdll.dll 
		hModule = ::LoadLibrary("ntdll.dll");
		if (NULL == hModule)
		{
			ShowError("LoadLibrary");
			break;
		}

		// 获取 RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize 函数地址
		RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize = (typedef_RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize)::GetProcAddress(hModule, "RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize");
		if (NULL == RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize)
		{
			ShowError("GetProcAddress");
			break;
		}

		// 获取 RtlCompressBuffer 函数地址
		RtlCompressBuffer = (typedef_RtlCompressBuffer)::GetProcAddress(hModule, "RtlCompressBuffer");
		if (NULL == RtlCompressBuffer)
		{
			ShowError("GetProcAddress");
			break;
		}

		// 获取WorkSpqce大小
		status = RtlGetCompressionWorkSpaceSize(COMPRESSION_FORMAT_LZNT1 | COMPRESSION_ENGINE_STANDARD, &dwWorkSpaceSize, &dwFragmentWorkSpaceSize);
		if (0 != status)
		{
			break;
		}

		// 申请动态内存
		pWorkSpace = new BYTE[dwWorkSpaceSize];
		if (NULL == pWorkSpace)
		{
			break;
		}
		::RtlZeroMemory(pWorkSpace, dwWorkSpaceSize);

		while (TRUE)
		{
			// 申请动态内存
			pCompressData = new BYTE[dwCompressDataLength];
			if (NULL == pCompressData)
			{
				break;
			}
			::RtlZeroMemory(pCompressData, dwCompressDataLength);

			// 调用RtlCompressBuffer压缩数据
			RtlCompressBuffer(COMPRESSION_FORMAT_LZNT1, pUncompressData, dwUncompressDataLength, pCompressData, dwCompressDataLength, 4096, &dwFinalCompressSize, (PVOID)pWorkSpace);
			if (dwCompressDataLength < dwFinalCompressSize)
			{
				// 释放内存
				if (pCompressData)
				{
					delete[]pCompressData;
					pCompressData = NULL;
				}
				dwCompressDataLength = dwFinalCompressSize;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		// 返回
		*ppCompressData = pCompressData;
		*pdwCompressDataLength = dwFinalCompressSize;
		bRet = TRUE;

	} while (FALSE);

	// 释放
	if (pWorkSpace)
	{
		delete[]pWorkSpace;
		pWorkSpace = NULL;
	}
	if (hModule)
	{
		::FreeLibrary(hModule);
	}

	return bRet;
}


// 数据解压缩
BOOL UncompressData(BYTE *pCompressData, DWORD dwCompressDataLength, BYTE **ppUncompressData, DWORD *pdwUncompressDataLength)
{
	BOOL bRet = FALSE;
	HMODULE hModule = NULL;
	typedef_RtlDecompressBuffer RtlDecompressBuffer = NULL;
	BYTE *pUncompressData = NULL;
	DWORD dwUncompressDataLength = 4096;
	DWORD dwFinalUncompressSize = 0;
	do
	{
		// 加载 ntdll.dll 
		hModule = ::LoadLibrary("ntdll.dll");
		if (NULL == hModule)
		{
			break;
		}

		// 获取 RtlDecompressBuffer 函数地址
		RtlDecompressBuffer = (typedef_RtlDecompressBuffer)::GetProcAddress(hModule, "RtlDecompressBuffer");
		if (NULL == RtlDecompressBuffer)
		{
			break;
		}

		while (TRUE)
		{
			// 申请动态内存
			pUncompressData = new BYTE[dwUncompressDataLength];
			if (NULL == pUncompressData)
			{
				break;
			}
			::RtlZeroMemory(pUncompressData, dwUncompressDataLength);

			// 调用RtlCompressBuffer压缩数据
			RtlDecompressBuffer(COMPRESSION_FORMAT_LZNT1, pUncompressData, dwUncompressDataLength, pCompressData, dwCompressDataLength, &dwFinalUncompressSize);
			if (dwUncompressDataLength < dwFinalUncompressSize)
			{
				// 释放内存
				if (pUncompressData)
				{
					delete[]pUncompressData;
					pUncompressData = NULL;
				}
				dwUncompressDataLength = dwFinalUncompressSize;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		// 返回
		*ppUncompressData = pUncompressData;
		*pdwUncompressDataLength = dwFinalUncompressSize;
		bRet = TRUE;

	} while (FALSE);

	// 释放
	if (hModule)
	{
		::FreeLibrary(hModule);
	}

	return bRet;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	DWORD i = 0;
	BOOL bRet = FALSE;
	char szBuffer[] = "DDDDDDDDDDGGGGGGGGGGGG";
	DWORD dwBufferLength = ::lstrlen(szBuffer);
	BYTE *pCompressData = NULL;
	DWORD dwCompressDataLength = 0;
	BYTE *pUncompressData = NULL;
	DWORD dwUncompressDataLength = 0;

	// 压缩数据
	CompressData((BYTE *)szBuffer, dwBufferLength, &pCompressData, &dwCompressDataLength);

	// 解压数据
	UncompressData(pCompressData, dwCompressDataLength, &pUncompressData, &dwUncompressDataLength);

	// 显示
	printf("原数据为:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < dwBufferLength; i++)
	{
		printf("%X ", szBuffer[i]);
	}
	printf("\n\n压缩数据为:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < dwCompressDataLength; i++)
	{
		printf("%X ", pCompressData[i]);
	}
	printf("\n\n解压缩数据为:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < dwUncompressDataLength; i++)
	{
		printf("%X ", pUncompressData[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");

	// 释放
	if (pUncompressData)
	{
		delete[]pUncompressData;
		pUncompressData = NULL;
	}
	if (pCompressData)
	{
		delete[]pCompressData;
		pCompressData = NULL;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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