c++实现获取当前时间(精确至秒,毫秒和微妙)
作者:却道天凉_好个秋
头文件
#include <chrono>
三个概念
Duration(时间段)
概念
表示两个时间点之间的时间差。
时间单位
- 小时(hours):std::chrono::hours
- 分钟(minutes):std::chrono::minutes
- 秒(seconds):std::chrono::seconds
- 毫秒(milliseconds):std::chrono::milliseconds
- 微秒(microseconds):std::chrono::microseconds
- 纳秒(nanoseconds):std::chrono::nanoseconds
时间精度
- 整数类型精度:std::chrono::duration<int, TimeUnit>
- 长整数类型精度:std::chrono::duration<long, TimeUnit>
- 浮点类型精度:std::chrono::duration<float, TimeUnit>
- 双精度类型精度:std::chrono::duration<double, TimeUnit>
示例1
// 创建一个200毫秒的时间段 std::chrono::duration<int, std::milli> duration1(200); // 表示5秒的duration,使用长整数类型精度 std::chrono::duration<long, std::seconds> duration2(5); // 表示2.5秒的duration,使用浮点类型精度 duration<float, std::seconds> duration3(2.5); // 表示1分钟的duration,使用双精度类型精度 duration<double, std::minutes> duration4(1);
示例2
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <thread> int main() { // 创建两个时间点 auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5)); // 模拟5s耗时操作 auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); // 计算时间间隔 std::chrono::duration<double> duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(end - start); // 输出时间间隔 std::cout << "Elapsed time: " << duration.count() << " seconds\n"; return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost debug]# ./timeTest
Elapsed time: 5.00022 seconds
[root@localhost debug]#
Time point(时间点)
概念
特定时钟上的一个时间。
组成
1.时钟(Clock),时钟类型包括:
- steady_clock(稳定时钟)
- system_clock(系统时钟)
- high_resolution_clock(高分辨率时钟)
2.表示时间的持续时间(Duration)
示例
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <thread> int main() { // 使用系统时钟获取当前时间点 // std::chrono::system_clock::time_point currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); auto currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2)); auto laterTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); // std::chrono::duration<double> duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(laterTime - currentTime); auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(laterTime - currentTime); std::cout << "The duration is: " << duration.count() << std::endl; auto AfterTime = laterTime + std::chrono::hours(24); duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(AfterTime - laterTime); std::cout << "The duration for 24H is: " << duration.count() << std::endl; return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost debug]# ./timeTest
The duration is: 2.00589
The duration for 24H is: 86400
[root@localhost debug]#
Clock(时钟)
概念
提供了基准和刻度。
时钟类型
1.system_clock
system_clock是系统级别的时钟,它表示实时时钟,也就是指示当前时间的时钟。它的时间点是与系统的时钟相关联的,可能受到时钟调整和时区的影响;
system_clock用于获取当前的系统时间,可以用来进行日常时间计算和显示。它通常被用作默认的时钟类型;
system_clock的最小时间单位取决于系统,可能是秒、毫秒或微秒;
2.steady_clock
steady_clock是一个单调递增的时钟,不受任何时钟调整或时区的影响。它提供了一个稳定、可靠的时间基准,适合用于测量时间间隔和计算算法的执行时间;
steady_clock的最小时间单位取决于实现,通常是纳秒或微秒级别;
3.high_resolution_clock
可用于测量小时间间隔的时钟。它通常使用最高分辨率的时钟源来提供更高的时间精度。在大部分平台上,high_resolution_clock是steady_clock的别名,因此也是一个单调递增的时钟;
最小时间单位取决于实现,通常是纳秒或微秒级别;
示例1
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <thread> int main() { // std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point steady_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); auto steady_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); auto steady_end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now(); auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(steady_end - steady_start); std::cout << "The steady_clock duration is: " << duration.count() << std::endl; // std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point high_resolution_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto high_resolution_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); auto high_resolution_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(high_resolution_end - high_resolution_start); std::cout << "The high_resolution_clock duration is: " << duration.count() << std::endl; return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost debug.x64-linux-g8]# ./timeTest
The steady_clock duration is: 1.00066
The high_resolution_clock duration is: 1.00085
[root@localhost debug.x64-linux-g8]#
示例2
// 获取当前时间的时间戳 #include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <thread> int main() { auto currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); auto currentTime_s = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(currentTime); auto currentTime_ms = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(currentTime); auto currentTime_micro = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(currentTime); auto currentTime_ns = std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(currentTime); auto valueS = currentTime_s.time_since_epoch().count(); auto valueMS = currentTime_ms.time_since_epoch().count(); auto valueMicroS = currentTime_micro.time_since_epoch().count(); auto valueNS = currentTime_ns.time_since_epoch().count(); std::cout << "Seconds: " << valueS << std::endl; std::cout << "Milliseconds: " << valueMS << std::endl; std::cout << "Microseconds: " << valueMicroS << std::endl; std::cout << "Nanoseconds: " << valueNS << std::endl; return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost debug]# ./timeTest
Seconds: 1700544228
Milliseconds: 1700544228873
Microseconds: 1700544228873536
Nanoseconds: 1700544228873536309
[root@localhost debug]#
示例3
// 将当前时间格式化为时间字符串 #include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <iomanip> int main() { auto currentTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now(); std::time_t t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(currentTime); std::cout << "CurrentTime: " << std::put_time(std::localtime(&t), "%F %T") << std::endl; return 0; }
执行结果:
[root@localhost debug]# ./timeTest
CurrentTime: 2023-11-20 14:50:35
[root@localhost debug]#
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