Java中String的intern()方法详细说明
作者:top啦它
String的intern()方法
先看第一个例子
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world"); s1.intern(); String s2 = "helloworld"; System.out.println(s1==s2); } }
输出为:true
再看第二个例子
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world"); String s2 = "helloworld"; s1.intern(); System.out.println(s1==s2); } }
输出为:false
明明只有一行代码的位置发生了改变,为什么会输出截然不同的结果呢?
下面开始分析。
jdk1.7后的intern方法在调用后,存在两种情况。
一、在调用后发现StringTable中没有所对应的字符串
String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world");
这句代码会在堆中new一个String对象(其实并没有这么简单,后面讲)
s1.intern();
s1调用了intern方法,然后发现在StringTable中并没有所对应的字符串,那么jvm就会在StringTable中放入一个地址,这个地址指向s1所new的String对象。
String s2 = "helloworld";
jvm发现在StringTable中已经存在指向"helloworld"的地址了,就会把StringTable中的地址给s2。此时s1和s2都指向这个地址。所以是同一个对象。于是返回了true
二、在调用后发现StringTable中存在所对应的字符串
String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world");
这句代码会在堆中new一个String对象(其实并没有这么简单,后面讲)
String s2 = "helloworld";
jvm在StringTable中存储这一个"helloworld"。
此时s1和s2是两个不同的对象。s1指向堆中,s2指向StringTable。
s1.intern();
jvm发现在StringTable中已经存在"helloworld"了,那么什么都不会做,仅仅是返回这一个字符串。所以结果为false
下面讲一下String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world"); 底层做了什么。
public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world"); } }
先运行一遍,类加载器加载后,在target中会存在HelloWorld.class
public class HelloWorld { public HelloWorld() { } public static void main(String[] args) { String s1 = new String("hello") + new String("world"); } }
运行指令javap -v target/classes/aa/HelloWorld.class进行反编译。 反编译后的详细信息如下:
Classfile /C:/Users/top/Downloads/untitled5/target/classes/aa/HelloWorld.class Last modified 2022年4月14日; size 677 bytes SHA-256 checksum bf071098fdd9e51e927c011bb021cab16ac1227bd18a6435441f30e30b400f70 Compiled from "HelloWorld.java" public class aa.HelloWorld minor version: 0 major version: 52 flags: (0x0021) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER this_class: #10 // aa/HelloWorld super_class: #11 // java/lang/Object interfaces: 0, fields: 0, methods: 2, attributes: 1 Constant pool: #1 = Methodref #11.#27 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V #2 = Class #28 // java/lang/StringBuilder #3 = Methodref #2.#27 // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V #4 = Class #29 // java/lang/String #5 = String #30 // hello #6 = Methodref #4.#31 // java/lang/String."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V #7 = Methodref #2.#32 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; #8 = String #33 // world #9 = Methodref #2.#34 // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String; #10 = Class #35 // aa/HelloWorld #11 = Class #36 // java/lang/Object #12 = Utf8 <init> #13 = Utf8 ()V #14 = Utf8 Code #15 = Utf8 LineNumberTable #16 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable #17 = Utf8 this #18 = Utf8 Laa/HelloWorld; #19 = Utf8 main #20 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/String;)V #21 = Utf8 args #22 = Utf8 [Ljava/lang/String; #23 = Utf8 s1 #24 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/String; #25 = Utf8 SourceFile #26 = Utf8 HelloWorld.java #27 = NameAndType #12:#13 // "<init>":()V #28 = Utf8 java/lang/StringBuilder #29 = Utf8 java/lang/String #30 = Utf8 hello #31 = NameAndType #12:#37 // "<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V #32 = NameAndType #38:#39 // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; #33 = Utf8 world #34 = NameAndType #40:#41 // toString:()Ljava/lang/String; #35 = Utf8 aa/HelloWorld #36 = Utf8 java/lang/Object #37 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V #38 = Utf8 append #39 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; #40 = Utf8 toString #41 = Utf8 ()Ljava/lang/String; { public aa.HelloWorld(); descriptor: ()V flags: (0x0001) ACC_PUBLIC Code: stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V 4: return LineNumberTable: line 3: 0 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 5 0 this Laa/HelloWorld; public static void main(java.lang.String[]); descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC Code: stack=4, locals=2, args_size=1 0: new #2 // class java/lang/StringBuilder 3: dup 4: invokespecial #3 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V 7: new #4 // class java/lang/String 10: dup 11: ldc #5 // String hello 13: invokespecial #6 // Method java/lang/String."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V 16: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 19: new #4 // class java/lang/String 22: dup 23: ldc #8 // String world 25: invokespecial #6 // Method java/lang/String."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V 28: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; 31: invokevirtual #9 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String; 34: astore_1 35: return LineNumberTable: line 5: 0 line 6: 35 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 36 0 args [Ljava/lang/String; 35 1 1 s1 Ljava/lang/String; } SourceFile: "HelloWorld.java"
可以看到,
1、jvm先new了一个StringBuilder(非多线程安全),
2、然后new了一个String,
3、调用了StringBuilder的append方法,添加了这一个String对象。
4、再次new一个String对象
5、再次调用了StringBuilder的append方法,添加了这一个String对象。
6、调用StringBuilder的toString方法,将StringBuilder转为String
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