java解析Excel/导入信息到Excel方式
作者：写完bug就找女朋友
这篇文章主要介绍了java解析Excel/导入信息到Excel方式,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助,如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
一、话题背景
最近一直在负责公司某一个项目的Excel导入导出功能，前前后后改了更多需求，需求的改动当然带来功能的改动,功能的改动肯定会带来许多问题。所幸，这些问题都被我一一攻破了。
正所谓前事不忘，后事之师。解决了一些难题以后，应该及时回头寻找得失、汲取教训、总结经验，只有这样，下一次遇到类似的问题的时候，方能成竹在胸，有“法”可依，而不至于手足无措，方寸大乱。
二、功能需求
Excel模板下载
从Excel模板文件导入信息
将信息导出到Excel模板
- 锁定导出Excel文件的某些列（设置密码），禁止用户擅自更改信息，破坏数据完整性（相当于Excel里面的： 审阅---->保护工作表）
- 设置Excel模板样式(行高/列宽/字体大小等等)
- …
三、依赖jar包
poi：Apache的poi 3.7版本(请自行下载，我这里不能上传了，上传的时候提示:该资源已经存在)
lang3：点我跳转
四、技术实现
4.1 模板下载方法
- 4.1.2 控制器方法ModelAndView ：
/**
* 下载房源批量导入模版
*/
@RequestMapping("usersExportExcel")
public ModelAndView dowloadModel(ModelMap map, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
DownloadExcelModelUtil excelModelUtil = new DownloadExcelModelUtil();
ExcelFileName excelFileName = new ExcelFileName();
//指定系统中已经存在的模板文件（下面文件名中的敏感信息已经被我xxx代替了，请修改为你的文件名）
excelFileName.setModelFileName("xxxInfoModel.xls");
//设置Excel文件名
excelFileName.setOutFileName("xxx信息导入模版");
//设置导出的Excel表格Sheet文件名
excelFileName.setSheetName("xxx信息导入模版");
return excelModelUtil.DowloadModel(map, request, response, excelFileName);
}
- 4.1.2、excelModelUtil方法：
/**
* FileName: utilForExportExcel
* Author: wxz
* Date: 2019-04-22 15:23
* Description: 模板下载工具
* History:
* <author> <time> <version> <desc>
* 作者姓名:wxz 修改时间: 版本号: 描述:
*/
import com.gxhylc.utils.CommonUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.document.AbstractExcelView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* 〈模板下载工具〉
*
* @author wxz
* @create 2019-04-22
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class DownloadExcelModelUtil {
/**
* 模板下载工具
* @param map
* @param request
* @param response
* @param excelFileName
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public ModelAndView DowloadModel(ModelMap map, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ,ExcelFileName excelFileName)
throws Exception {
//建立输入流
String root = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
//指定文件所在位置
FileInputStream fileSrc = new FileInputStream(root + "s/assets/room/model/"+excelFileName.getModelFileName());
//建立excel对象
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileSrc);
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(excelFileName.getSheetName());
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(20);
ViewExcel view = new ViewExcel();
Map<String,Object> file = new HashMap<>();
file.put("outFileName",excelFileName.getOutFileName());
view.buildExcelDocument(file, workbook, request, response);
//关闭输入输出流
fileSrc.close();
return new ModelAndView(view, map);
}
private class ViewExcel extends AbstractExcelView{
@Override
protected void buildExcelDocument (Map<String, Object> model, HSSFWorkbook workbook, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmm");
String filename = model.get("outFileName") + format.format(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())) + ".xls";
filename = CommonUtils.encodeFilename(filename, request);
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
workbook.write(out);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
}
备注：一下是我的文件放置位置，不知道如何寻找文件的童鞋请依样画葫芦
- 4.1.3、excelModelUtil方法依赖的工具 CommonUtils：
public class CommonUtils {
public static String encodeFilename(String filename, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception
{
String agent = request.getHeader("USER-AGENT");
if ((agent != null) && (-1 != agent.indexOf("MSIE")))
{
String newFileName = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "UTF-8");
//StringUtils工具在上面提供的lang3包里面,请自行下载.如果在使用的过程中有任何问题,欢迎留言
newFileName = StringUtils.replace(newFileName, "+", "%20");
if (newFileName.length() > 150)
{
newFileName = new String(filename.getBytes("GB2312"), "ISO8859-1");
newFileName = StringUtils.replace(newFileName, " ", "%20");
}
return newFileName;
}
if ((agent != null) && (-1 != agent.indexOf("Mozilla")))
return MimeUtility.encodeText(filename, "UTF-8", "B");
return filename;
}
}
以上就是 模板下载的方法，只要前台访问这个方法，就会下载Excel文件
4.2 从Excel模板中导入信息
- 4.2.1 、前台方法
4.2.1.1、上传文件jq依赖：
<script src="${ctx}/s/assets/plugins/chineserp-jquery-master/src/jquery.regionpicker.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="${ctx}/s/assets/plugins/chineserp-jquery-master/dist/jquery.chineserp.css" rel="external nofollow"
media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="${ctx}/s/assets/plugins/jquery-file-upload/css/jquery.fileupload-ui.css" rel="external nofollow" >
<script src="${ctx}/s/assets/plugins/jquery-file-upload/js/jquery.fileupload.js" language="javascript"
type="text/javascript"></script>
4.2.1.2、模态框代码：
<%--导入房间model价格--%>
<div class="modal fade" id="myModalPrice${item.jgId}" tabindex="-1" data-show="true" role="dialog"
aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
<span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<h4 class="modal-title center" id="uploadRoomsPrice">房源价格导入</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="col-md-6 fileinput-button">
<span class="fileinput-button">
<a class="btn green" href="">
<i class="fa fa-upload"></i> 从excel中导入房间价格
</a>
<!---这个自定义属性data-url就是你访问控制器下载模板文件的地址,我这里已经修改了关键信息,请你修改为你自己的地址-->
<input type="file" id="jfile2" class="jfile" name="file"
data-url="xxx/usersExportExcel.do"
multiple="" accept="application/vnd.ms-excel">
</span>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">关闭</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
4.2.1.3、上传Excel文件的jq代码：
$(function () {
//开启控件文件上传功能
$('.jfile').each(function () {
$(this).fileupload({
progress: function (e, data) {
$('#myModal${item.jgId}').modal('hide');
var tip = result.result.result;
alert(tip);
},
done: function (e, result) {
$('#myModal${item.jgId}').modal('hide');
var tip = result.result.result;
alert(tip);
}
});
});
});
4.2.1.4、效果图：
- 4.2.2 后台解析上传的Excel文件
4.2.2.1、解析Excel控制器：
/**
* 实现批量导入房源信息
*/
@RequestMapping("usersExportExcel")
@ResponseBody
public Map importExcel(@RequestParam(value = "file", required = false) MultipartFile dataFile,
@RequestParam Map<String, Object> parameterMap, RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) throws Exception {
Map response = new HashMap();
List<Map<String, String>> result = null;
String uploadFileFileName = dataFile.getOriginalFilename();
String party_id = parameterMap.get("party_id") + "";
logger.info("机构id为:" + party_id);
String type = uploadFileFileName.substring(uploadFileFileName.lastIndexOf("."));
InputStream in = dataFile.getInputStream();
Long count = 0L;
String temp_obj = null;
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
//这个就是把时间戳经过处理得到期望格式的时间
String batch_sign = format.format(System.currentTimeMillis());
//机构id不为空才能导入
if (!"".equals(party_id)) {
try {
result = getResult(type, in);
TXtJg item = this.gettXtJg(party_id);
Room room;
for (Map<String, String> map : result) {
if (map.isEmpty()) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("解析表格得到的数据：" + map);
//取出map里面的数据
temp_obj = replaceBlank(map.get("名字"));
if ("".equals(temp_obj)) {
continue;
}
else {
//得到数据，存入实体属性
room.setName();
}
//取出map里面的数据
temp_obj = replaceBlank(map.get("号码"));
if ("".equals(temp_obj)) {
continue;
}
else {
//得到数据，存入实体属性
room.setNo();
}
//.....
//调用保存方法
//清除result
result.clear();
result = null;
in.close();
response.put("result", "导入成功，共导入 " + count + " 条数据，请刷新页面进行查看！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
in.close();
response = responeError(count);
}
}else {
logger.info("party_id为空");
response.put("result", "发生异常，导入数据失败");
}
messageHelper.addFlashMessage(redirectAttributes, "core.success.save", "succese");
return response;
}
4.2.2.2、解析Excel方法
/**
* 根据传入的文件后缀返回解析结果
* @param type
* @param in
* @return
*/
private List<Map<String, String>> getResult(String type, InputStream in) {
List<Map<String, String>> result = new ArrayList<>();
String xls = ".xls";
String xlsx = ".xlsx";
try {
if (xls.equals(type)) {
result = new CommonUtilsTwoLine().readExcelXLS(in);
}
else if (xlsx.equals(type)) {
result = new CommonUtilsTwoLine().readExcelXLSX(in);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
4.2.2.3、CommonUtilsTwoLine工具文件
public class CommonUtilsTwoLine {
public List<Map<String,String>> readExcelXLS(InputStream in) throws Exception
{
POIFSFileSystem poiFileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(in);
HSSFWorkbook workbook= new HSSFWorkbook(poiFileSystem);
return processWorkXLS(workbook);
}
public List<Map<String,String>> readExcelXLSX(InputStream in) throws Exception
{
XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(in);
return processWorkXLSX(workbook);
}
}
到这里从Excel文件中导入信息算是结束了。
4.3 将数据导出到Excel
- 4.3.1、导出主入口方法
/**
* 导出信息到Excel文件
*/
@RequestMapping("downloadRoomPriceModel")
public void downloadRoomPriceModel(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> parameterMap, ModelMap map, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
String party_id = parameterMap.get("party_id") + "";
if (!"".equals(party_id)) {
String hql = "from Room where delete_flag = '1' and sale_state = '-2' and party_id = ?";
List<Room> room = roomManager.find(hql, party_id);
new ExportToExcelUtil().exportToExcel(room, request, response);
}
}
- 4.3.2、ExportToExcelUtil工具类(设置表格列宽、保护Excel表格等等)
/**
* FileName: ExportToExcelUtil
* Author: wxz
* Date: 2019-05-21 16:50
* Description: 将信息导出到Excel工具
* History:
* <author> <time> <version> <desc>
* 作者姓名:wxz 修改时间: 版本号: 描述:
*/
import com.gxhylc.xxx;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 〈一句话功能简述〉<br>
* 〈将信息导出到Excel工具〉
*
* @author wxz
* @create 2019-05-21
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class ExportToExcelUtil {
public void exportToExcel(List<Room> returnList, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
request.setCharacterEncoding("GB2312");
response.reset();
try {
//设置导出Excel文件名
String reportName = "xxx信息表";
String utf8Name = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(reportName, "UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=" + utf8Name + ".xls");
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
response.setBufferSize(1024 * 1024);
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
//设置导出Excel文件表格Sheet名
Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("xxxx信息表");
//设置保护Excel全局，设置Excel编辑密码为123456
sheet.protectSheet("123456");
//设置Sheet表格标题
List<String> titleList = this.getExcelTitle();
//写入标题
Row r = sheet.createRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < titleList.size(); i++) {
r.createCell(i).setCellValue(titleList.get(i));
}
//获取当前单元格的样式对象
HSSFCellStyle alterableStyle = (HSSFCellStyle) wb.createCellStyle();
//获取当前单元格的样式对象
HSSFCellStyle nolockedStyle = (HSSFCellStyle) wb.createCellStyle();
//设定单元格为锁定状态
alterableStyle.setLocked(true);
//设定单元格为非锁定状态
nolockedStyle.setLocked(false);
//向Excel写入数据
for (int i = 0; i < returnList.size(); i++) {
if (returnList.size() <= 0) {
return;
}
Row row = sheet.createRow((i + 1));
Room room = returnList.get(i);
row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(room.getId());
if (room.getName() != null) {
String name= room.getName();
if (name!= null) {
row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(name);
}
else {
row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue("");
}
}
row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue(room.getNo());
row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(room.getSize());
//设置当前行不保护,如果还有某一行不想设置保护,继续如下调用该方法
row.createCell((short) 3).setCellStyle(nolockedStyle);
....
row.createCell((short) 17).setCellValue("");
//设置当前行不保护
row.createCell((short) 17).setCellStyle(nolockedStyle);
row.createCell((short) 18).setCellValue("");
//设置当前行不保护
row.createCell((short) 18).setCellStyle(nolockedStyle);
}
//调整列宽 9: 从这第九列开始 ,到最后一列结束。如果想设置行高，请调用 setColumnHidden() 方法
for (int i = 9; i < 19; i++) {
if (i < 16) {
//第一个参数为第几列,第二个值为宽度值
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, 5000);
}
else {
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, 4000);
}
}
wb.write(response.getOutputStream());
response.getOutputStream().flush();
response.getOutputStream().close();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private final List<String> getExcelTitle() {
List<String> titleList = new ArrayList<>();
titleList.add("序号");
titleList.add("名字");
titleList.add("号码");
titleList.add("xxx");
//你的实体有多少个属性,就在这里写入属性名
....
return titleList;
}
private final CellStyle cellBasicPropert(SXSSFWorkbook workbook) {
// 表头格式
CellStyle normalStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
normalStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
normalStyle.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
normalStyle.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE.index);
Font font = workbook.createFont();
//宽度
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
font.setFontHeight((short) 250);
// 加粗
font.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
normalStyle.setFont(font);
// 自动换行
normalStyle.setWrapText(true);
return normalStyle;
}
}
将到这里，关于java解析Excel文件,包括导出数据到Excel、从Excel文件中导入数据、设置表格保护等等算是告一段落了，后面有啥再补充。
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。