WPF利用LiveCharts实现动态曲线图绘制
作者:熊思宇
LiveCharts是一个比较漂亮的WPF图表控件,在数据发生变化后,还可以设置相对于的动画效果,本文就来利用LiveCharts绘制简单的动态曲线图吧
效果
在超过图表的最大值后,X轴会自动向右边移动
LiveCharts是一个比较漂亮的WPF图表控件,在数据发生变化后,还可以设置相对于的动画效果,但也有自己的缺点,比如数据量过大,可能会非常的卡,有一次,我在写柱状图时,将几个柱子的值设置成15000,结果整整卡了几十秒,在使用时还是需要注意的。
官方网站:点击跳转
开源代码:点击跳转
安装 LiveChart
在NuGet中直接搜索 LiveChart,选择 LiveCharts.Wpf
在使用的界面当中引用LiveChart.Wpf的类库
xmlns:lvc="clr-namespace:LiveCharts.Wpf;assembly=LiveCharts.Wpf"
如果之前就没有使用过LiveChart,可以用下面的小案例看看效果。
以直方图、折线图为例, 都属于 CartesianChart 下的一种 Series 类型, 例如折线图,如下:
<lvc:CartesianChart> <lvc:CartesianChart.Series> <!--设置Series的类型为 Line 类型, 该类型提供了一些折线图的实现--> <lvc:LineSeries/> </lvc:CartesianChart.Series> </lvc:CartesianChart>
LinSeries 绑定数据设定Values即可, 可以看到Values单词带s,则代表这是一种复数集合类型,继承于 IChartValues,所以最终绑定的数据符合 ChartValues 即可,下图绑定了为数字类型的集合:
<lvc:CartesianChart> <lvc:CartesianChart.Series> <!--设置Series的类型为 Line 类型, 该类型提供了一些折线图的实现--> <lvc:LineSeries Values="1,2,3,4,5,6"/> <lvc:LineSeries Values="2,4,6,8,10,12"/> </lvc:CartesianChart.Series> </lvc:CartesianChart>
这里是 LiveChart 一些简单的使用方法,下面是用绑定数据的方式进行显示,在工作中,尽量使用数据绑定的方式,更适合项目的维护。
前端
<Window x:Class="WpfApplication7.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:lvc="clr-namespace:LiveCharts.Wpf;assembly=LiveCharts.Wpf" Title="MainWindow" Width="700" Height="400" Loaded="Window_Loaded" > <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="50"/> <RowDefinition Height="*"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Row="0" Background="AntiqueWhite"> <Button Content="测试" Margin="0,10,0,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click"/> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Row="1"> <lvc:CartesianChart Series="{Binding LineSeriesCollection}" LegendLocation="Right"> <lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX> <lvc:Axis LabelFormatter="{Binding CustomFormatterX}" MaxValue="{Binding AxisXMax}" MinValue="{Binding AxisXMin}"> <lvc:Axis.Separator> <lvc:Separator Step="1" /> </lvc:Axis.Separator> </lvc:Axis> </lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX> <lvc:CartesianChart.AxisY> <lvc:Axis LabelFormatter="{Binding CustomFormatterY}" MaxValue="{Binding AxisYMax}" MinValue="{Binding AxisYMin}"> </lvc:Axis> </lvc:CartesianChart.AxisY> </lvc:CartesianChart> </Grid> </Grid> </Window>
后端
先定义一个数据更新的类 ViewModelBase
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace WpfApplication7 { /// <summary> /// 实现了属性更改通知的基类 /// </summary> public class ViewModelBase : System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged { public virtual event System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; /// <summary> /// 属性值变化时发生 /// </summary> /// <param name="propertyName"></param> protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName) { if (this.PropertyChanged != null) this.PropertyChanged(this, new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); } /// <summary> /// 属性值变化时发生 /// </summary> /// <param name="propertyName"></param> protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged<T>(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T>> propertyExpression) { var propertyName = (propertyExpression.Body as System.Linq.Expressions.MemberExpression).Member.Name; this.OnPropertyChanged(propertyName); } } }
后端代码
using LiveCharts; using LiveCharts.Wpf; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Navigation; using System.Windows.Shapes; namespace WpfApplication7 { /// <summary> /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { private Mode Modes = new Mode(); public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { this.DataContext = Modes; } private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Modes.OnClick(); } } public class Mode : ViewModelBase { public SeriesCollection LineSeriesCollection { get; set; } private double axisXMax; public double AxisXMax { get { return axisXMax; } set { axisXMax = value; this.OnPropertyChanged("AxisXMax"); } } private double axisXMin; public double AxisXMin { get { return axisXMin; } set { axisXMin = value; this.OnPropertyChanged("AxisXMin"); } } private double axisYMax; public double AxisYMax { get { return axisYMax; } set { axisYMax = value; this.OnPropertyChanged("AxisYMax"); } } private double axisYMin; public double AxisYMin { get { return axisYMin; } set { axisYMin = value; this.OnPropertyChanged("AxisYMin"); } } private Random Randoms = new Random(); public Func<double, string> CustomFormatterX { get; set; } public Func<double, string> CustomFormatterY { get; set; } //绑定的X轴数据 private ChartValues<double> ValueList { get; set; } //表中最大容纳个数 private int TabelShowCount = 10; private string CustomFormattersX(double val) { return string.Format("{0}天", val); } private string CustomFormattersY(double val) { return string.Format("{0}公斤", val); } public void OnClick() { int yValue = Randoms.Next(2, 1000); //向图表中添加数据 ValueList.Add(yValue); //确保Y轴曲线不会超过图表 int maxY = (int)ValueList.Max(); AxisYMax = maxY + 30; //Y轴保持数据居中(曲线会上下晃动) //int minY = ValueList.Count == 1 ? 0 : (int)ValueList.Min(); //AxisYMin = minY - 10; //y轴的设置 if (ValueList.Count > TabelShowCount) { AxisXMax = ValueList.Count - 1; AxisXMin = ValueList.Count - TabelShowCount; } //这里如果移除数组,图表曲线会原地起伏,就没有X轴移动的动画效果了 //if (ValueList.Count > 20) //{ // ValueList.RemoveAt(0); //} } public Mode() { AxisXMax = 10; AxisXMin = 0; AxisYMax = 10; AxisYMin = 0; ValueList = new ChartValues<double>(); LineSeriesCollection = new SeriesCollection(); CustomFormatterX = CustomFormattersX; CustomFormatterY = CustomFormattersY; LineSeries lineseries = new LineSeries(); lineseries.DataLabels = true; lineseries.Values = ValueList; LineSeriesCollection.Add(lineseries); } } }
运行后一直点击测试按钮,就可以看到效果了。
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