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Springboot实现接口传输加解密的步骤详解

作者:qq243920161

这篇文章主要给大家详细介绍了Springboot实现接口传输加解密的操作步骤,文中有详细的图文解释和代码示例供大家参考,对大家的学习或工作有一定的帮助,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

先给大家看下效果,原本我们的请求是这样子的

 加密后的数据传输是这样子的

如果这是你想要的效果,那么请继续往下看

加解密步骤:

1.前端请求前进行加密,然后发送到后端

2.后端收到请求后解密

3.后端返回数据前进行加密

4.前端拿到加密串后,解密数据

加解密算法:

本文用的是国密算法作为参考,当然大家也可以用其它算法进行加解密

一、前端请求前进行加密,然后发送到后端

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
	// form-data传参方式不加密
	if (config.headers['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
		return;
	}
	// 非body方式传参,不加密
	if (config.data) {
		return;
	}
	// 使用国密算法进行加密
	let encryptData = sm2.doEncrypt(JSON.stringify(config.data), '加密公钥,请提前生成好');
	config.data = {
		data: encryptData
	}
});

以上代码使用了axios拦截器,对所有请求进行拦截,拦截器里,使用config.data获取到请求的body进行加密,加密后,把加密后的数据重新赋值到config.data,sm-crypto是国密算法的依赖,使用前npm install sm-crypto即可

请确保config.data是一个对象或者数组,不要是一个字符串,否则后端获取body时会失败

加密成功后,从network就能看到加密的数据了

二、后端收到请求后解密

这里有两个类直接复制粘贴即可,一个是RequestWrapper,这个类是用来读取body的,一个是BodyRequestWrapper,这个类是用来解密后,将解密后的数据封装到request,供Controller层使用,这里直接上代码了

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;
/**
 * 用来读取body
 */
public class RequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private final String body;
    public RequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {
            inputStream = request.getInputStream();
            if (inputStream != null) {
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                char[] charBuffer = new char[128];
                int bytesRead = -1;
                while ((bytesRead = bufferedReader.read(charBuffer)) > 0) {
                    stringBuilder.append(charBuffer, 0, bytesRead);
                }
            } else {
                stringBuilder.append("");
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        body = stringBuilder.toString();
    }
    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes());
        ServletInputStream servletInputStream = new ServletInputStream() {
            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }
            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }
            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {
            }
            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return byteArrayInputStream.read();
            }
        };
        return servletInputStream;
    }
    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));
    }
    public String getBody() {
        return this.body;
    }
}
import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
 * 用来重新封装request
 */
public class BodyRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    /**
     * 存放JSON数据主体
     */
    private String body;
    public BodyRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String context) {
        super(request);
        body = context;
    }
    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        return new ServletInputStream() {
            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return byteArrayInputStream.read();
            }
            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }
            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }
            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {
            }
        };
    }
    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));
    }
}
 

然后我们需要写一个请求过滤器,继承Filter,对所有请求接口进行过滤

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 请求加解密过滤器
 *
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Component
public class RequestHandler implements Filter {
	/**
	 * 进行请求加密
	 */
	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// form-data不校验
		if ("application/x-www-form-urlencoded".equals(request.getContentType())) {
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			return;
		}
		// 拿到加密串
		String data = new RequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request).getBody();
		if (StringUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			return;
		}
		// 解析
		String body = Sm2Util.decrypt("解密私钥", data);
		request = new BodyRequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request, body);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}
}

Sm2Util是国密的解密方式,工具类在之前分享的帖子里有,当然,大家可以用自己喜欢的方式进行加解密

这样就能拿到加密串了

但是有个问题就是,这样写的话,所有请求都会走Filter,但是我们只想让部分请求走Filter怎么办呢,写一个配置类就可以了,这样就可以将url进行过滤

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Configuration
public class EncryptionConfiguration {
	/**
	 * 过滤器配置
	 */
	@Bean
	public FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> filterRegistration(RequestHandler requestHandler) {
		FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
		registration.setFilter(requestHandler);
		registration.addUrlPatterns("/plugin/*");
		registration.setName("encryptionFilter");
		//设置优先级别
		registration.setOrder(1);
		return registration;
	}
}

以上代码就是将/plugin开头的url进行拦截,代码不难,就不用过多解释了吧

三、后端返回数据前进行加密

代码如下

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 响应加解密拦截器
 *
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Component
@ControllerAdvice
public class ResponseHandler implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
	/**
	 * 返回true,才会走beforeBodyWrite方法
	 */
	@Override
	public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass) {
		return true;
	}
	/**
	 * 响应加密
	 */
	@Override
	public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
		// 拿到响应的数据
		String json = JSON.toJSONString(body);
		// 进行加密
		return Sm2Util.encrypt("加密公钥", json);
	}
}

前端即可拿到这样一个加密数据

四、前端拿到加密串后,解密数据

需要再axios中添加一个响应拦截器,代码如下

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';
// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(res => {
	res.data = JSON.parse(sm2.doDecrypt(res.data, '解密私钥'));
	console.log('解密出来的数据', res.data);
});

打印如图所示

以上就是Springboot实现接口传输加解密的步骤详解的详细内容,更多关于Springboot接口传输加解密的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!

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