基于@ComponentScan注解及其XML配置方式
作者:kosamino
@ComponentScan注解及其XML配置
开发中会经常使用包扫描,只要标注了@Controller、@Service、@Repository,@Component 注解的类会自动加入到容器中,ComponentScan有注解和xml配置两种方式。
注解
@ComponentScan 包含过滤和排除过滤
- ComponentScan.Filter[] includeFilters() default {}; 按照某些规则排除组件
- ComponentScan.Filter[] excludeFilters() default {}; 指定扫描的时候只需要包含哪些组件
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {
@AliasFor("basePackages")
String[] value() default {};
@AliasFor("value")
String[] basePackages() default {};
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
Class<? extends BeanNameGenerator> nameGenerator() default BeanNameGenerator.class;
Class<? extends ScopeMetadataResolver> scopeResolver() default AnnotationScopeMetadataResolver.class;
ScopedProxyMode scopedProxy() default ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT;
String resourcePattern() default "**/*.class";
boolean useDefaultFilters() default true;
ComponentScan.Filter[] includeFilters() default {};
ComponentScan.Filter[] excludeFilters() default {};
boolean lazyInit() default false;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({})
public @interface Filter {
FilterType type() default FilterType.ANNOTATION;
@AliasFor("classes")
Class<?>[] value() default {};
@AliasFor("value")
Class<?>[] classes() default {};
String[] pattern() default {};
}
}FilterType 指定不同的包含/排除规则:
package org.springframework.context.annotation;
public enum FilterType {
ANNOTATION,
ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,
ASPECTJ,
REGEX,
CUSTOM;
private FilterType() {
}
}1、Spring使用注解 包扫描 @ComponentScan
@ComponentScan("com.spring.annotation")
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}注意:mainConfig 配置类也是一个组件 因为@Configuration 注解中标有@Component。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {
String value() default "";
}2、按照注解类型排除
例如排除以下类型:Controller.class, Service.class, Repository.class:
@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", excludeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class, Service.class, Repository.class})
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}3、包含过滤includeFilters
如果想要只包含 Controller 注解的bean,如下配置:
@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,
classes = {Controller.class})},useDefaultFilters = false)
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}注意:需要添加 useDefaultFilters = false。
4、使用@ComponentScans 来指定扫描策略
ComponentScans 注解结构如下:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
public @interface ComponentScans {
ComponentScan[] value();
}可以看到其内部是一个ComponentScan[] 数组,所以我们可以在其中指定多个ComponentScan。
例如:
指定不同的类型,包含Controller 注解的bean 和 BookService类型的bean:
@ComponentScans(value = {
@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class}),
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {BookService.class})
},useDefaultFilters = false)
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}5、FilterType.CUSTOM:使用自定义规则
1>. 编写MyTypeFilter 并实现 TypeFilter 接口;
2>. match方法中 实现自定义规则。
/**
* 自定义过滤规则
*/
public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
/**
*
* @param metadataReader
* @param metadataReaderFactory
* @return
* @throws IOException
* metadataReader:读取到的当前正在扫描的类的信息
* metadataReaderFactory:可以获取到其他任何类信息的
*
*
*/
public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//获取当前类注解的信息
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
//获取当前正在扫描的类的类信息
ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
//获取当前类资源(类的路径)
Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource();
String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
System.out.println("--->"+className);
if(className.contains("er")){
return true;
}
return false;
}
}3>. 使用实例(当前扫描到的类,类名中包含er,就会注入到容器中):
@ComponentScans(value = {
@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class}),
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {BookService.class}),
@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {MyTypeFilter.class})
},useDefaultFilters = false)
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}注解小结:
@ComponentScan value:指定要扫描的包excludeFilters = Filter[]:指定扫描的时候按照什么规则排除那些组件includeFilters = Filter[]:指定扫描的时候只需要包含哪些组件FilterType.ANNOTATION:按照注解FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE:按照给定的类型;FilterType.ASPECTJ:使用ASPECTJ表达式FilterType.REGEX:使用正则指定FilterType.CUSTOM:使用自定义规则
XML配置
我们使用component-scan来进行bean的加载,例如,我们通常会使用如下的配置:
application.xml:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cn.kvn.service,com.cn.kvn.config,com.baidu">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service" />
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>spring-servlet.xml:
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cn.kvn.controller" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>原理: componentScan解析bean的入口为:ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser#parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext)
@Override
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
String basePackage = element.getAttribute(BASE_PACKAGE_ATTRIBUTE);
basePackage = parserContext.getReaderContext().getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(basePackage);
String[] basePackages = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(basePackage,
ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS);
// Actually scan for bean definitions and register them.
ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = configureScanner(parserContext, element);
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);
registerComponents(parserContext.getReaderContext(), beanDefinitions, element);
return null;
}base-package属性告诉spring要扫描的包,use-default-filters="false"表示不要使用默认的过滤器。
configureScanner会去配置scan时的使用的filter,其中use-default-filters属性是来控制是否要使用默认的过滤器的(默认的过滤器会去解析base-package下的含有@Component注解的类作为bean,其中@Repository, @Service, and @Controller都是@Component的子注解,故,默认的过滤器会将它们全部解析成bean)。
原码中的英文注释:
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider#ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider(boolean useDefaultFilters, Environment environment)
useDefaultFilters whether to register the default filters for the @Component, @Repository, @Service, and @Controller stereotype annotations
用户自定义的include-filter和exclude-filter会在以下方法中被解析加载。
ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser#parseTypeFilters(Element element, ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner, ParserContext parserContext)
在执行Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);的时候,使用过滤器的顺序是,exclude-filter优于include-filter。
也就是说,如果同时定义了exclude-filter排除了某类(某个)bean,但是include-filter又将其包含了,则该bean不会被加载到spring容器。
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java
/**
* Determine whether the given class does not match any exclude filter
* and does match at least one include filter.
* @param metadataReader the ASM ClassReader for the class
* @return whether the class qualifies as a candidate component
*/
protected boolean isCandidateComponent(MetadataReader metadataReader) throws IOException {
for (TypeFilter tf : this.excludeFilters) {
if (tf.match(metadataReader, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
return false;
}
}
for (TypeFilter tf : this.includeFilters) {
if (tf.match(metadataReader, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
return isConditionMatch(metadataReader);
}
}
return false;
}附:过滤规则设置
filter标签的type和表达式说明如下:
| Filter Type | Examples Expression | Description | include-filter为例 |
| annotation | org.example.SomeAnnotation | 符合SomeAnnoation的target class | <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect"/> 表示扫描base-package下的类上加了Aspect注解的类,并注册到spring的bean容器 |
| assignable | org.example.SomeClass | 指定class或interface的全名 | <context:include-filter type="assignable" expression="com.test.scan.StuService"/> 指定扫描StuService类作为bean |
| aspectj | org.example..*Service+ | AspectJ語法 | |
| regex | org\.example\.Default.* | Regelar Expression | |
| custom | org.example.MyTypeFilter | Spring3新增自訂Type,實作org.springframework.core.type.TypeFilter |
注意:如果通过regex将filter的type设置成了正则表达式,注意在正则里面.表示所有字符,而\.才表示真正的.字符。例如我们的正则表示以Dao或者Service结束的类。
我们也可以使用annotaion来限定,如下:
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.outofmemory.spring" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/> </context:component-scan>
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
