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Java生成Echarts表图的2种实现方案

作者:挣扎小丁

这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于Java生成Echarts表图的2种实现方案,ECharts是一款功能非常强大的JavaScript图表库,文中通过代码实例介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

最近被生成报告纠结了一个礼拜,生成word并不难,可以通过模版来实现,目前用得比较多的技术有,poi,freemarker等等工具,只需要自己写一个模版通过占位符的形式来替换里面的变量。这里生成word就不过多去介绍(后期出一篇文章)但是里面的图表就没有那么好去实现,要考虑到通过后台获取数据来生成图表。经过了一个礼拜的查阅资料找到了两种在后端实现方式,本篇以生成柱状图为例:

一、Jfreechart

简介

JFreeChart是JAVA平台上的一个开放的图表绘制类库。它完全使用JAVA语言编写,是为applications, applets, servlets 以及JSP等使用所设计。JFreeChart可生成饼图(pie charts)、柱状图(bar charts)、散点图(scatter plots)、时序图(time series)、甘特图(Gantt charts)等等多种图表,并且可以产生PNG和JPEG格式的输出,还可以与PDF和EXCEL关联。

导入依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>jfreechart</groupId>
            <artifactId>jfreechart</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

简单demo

 /**
     * 功能描述: 创建JFreeChart对象并设置样式
     *
     * @param categoryDataset 类别数据集
     * @return org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart
     * @author Jack_Liberty
     * @date 2021-04-01 11:16
     */
    public static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categoryDataset) {
        JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createBarChart("Test", "", "", categoryDataset,
                PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, false, false, false);
        Font labelFont = new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 15);
//        Font labelFont1 = new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 24);
//         jfreechart.setTextAntiAlias(false);
        jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
        // 获得图表区域对象
        CategoryPlot plot = jfreechart.getCategoryPlot();
        // 设置横虚线可见
        plot.setRangeGridlinesVisible(true);
        // 虚线色彩
        plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.gray);
        // 数据轴精度
        NumberAxis vn = (NumberAxis) plot.getRangeAxis();
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#0.0");
        // 数据轴数据标签的显示格式
        vn.setNumberFormatOverride(df);
        // x轴设置
        CategoryAxis domainAxis = plot.getDomainAxis();
        // 轴标题
        domainAxis.setLabelFont(labelFont);
        // 轴数值
        domainAxis.setTickLabelFont(labelFont);
        // X轴标题过长可设置倾斜度
          domainAxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions.createUpRotationLabelPositions(Math.PI / 3.0));
        // 横轴上的 Label
        domainAxis.setMaximumCategoryLabelWidthRatio(6.00f);
        // 是否完整显示
        // 设置距离图片左端距离
        domainAxis.setLowerMargin(0.0);
        // 设置距离图片右端距离
        domainAxis.setUpperMargin(0.0);
        // 设置 columnKey 是否间隔显示
        plot.setDomainAxis(domainAxis);
        // 设置柱图背景色(注意,系统取色的时候要使用16位的模式来查看颜色编码,这样比较准确)
        plot.setBackgroundPaint(new Color(255, 255, 255, 255));
        // y轴设置
        ValueAxis rangeAxis = plot.getRangeAxis();
        rangeAxis.setLabelFont(labelFont);
        rangeAxis.setTickLabelFont(labelFont);
        // 设置最高的一个 Item 与图片顶端的距离
        rangeAxis.setUpperMargin(0.15);
        // 设置最低的一个 Item 与图片底端的距离
        rangeAxis.setLowerMargin(0.15);
        plot.setRangeAxis(rangeAxis);
        // 解决中文乱码问题(关键)
        TextTitle textTitle = jfreechart.getTitle();
        textTitle.setFont(new Font("黑体", Font.PLAIN, 20));
        domainAxis.setTickLabelFont(new Font("sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        domainAxis.setLabelFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        vn.setTickLabelFont(new Font("sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        vn.setLabelFont(new Font("黑体", Font.PLAIN, 15));
        // 使用自定义的渲染器
        CustomRenderer renderer = new CustomRenderer();
        ArrayList<Double> data = new ArrayList<Double>();
        data.add(99D);
        data.add(87D);
        data.add(89D);
        data.add(45D);
        data.add(78D);
        data.add(92D);
        data.add(98D);
        data.add(80D);
        renderer.setScores(data);
        // 设置柱子宽度
        renderer.setMaximumBarWidth(0.1);
        // 设置柱子高度
        renderer.setMinimumBarLength(0.1);
        // 设置柱子边框颜色
        renderer.setBaseOutlinePaint(Color.BLACK);
        // 设置柱子边框可见
        renderer.setDrawBarOutline(true);
        // 设置每个地区所包含的平行柱的之间距离
        renderer.setItemMargin(1);
        jfreechart.getRenderingHints().put(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_OFF);
        // 显示每个柱的数值,并修改该数值的字体属性
//          renderer.setIncludeBaseInRange(true);
        renderer.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardCategoryItemLabelGenerator());
        renderer.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true);
        plot.setRenderer(renderer);
        // 设置柱的透明度
        plot.setForegroundAlpha(1.0f);
        // 背景色 透明度
        plot.setBackgroundAlpha(0.5f);
        return jfreechart;
    }
   /**
     * 功能描述: 创建CategoryDataset对象
     *
     * @return org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset
     * @author Jack_Liberty
     * @date 2021-04-01 16:20
     */
    public static CategoryDataset createDataset() {
         double[][] data = new double[][]{{1,9,0,15,9,3,4}};
        String[] rowKeys = {"1"};
        String[] columnKeys = {"Test1","Test2","Test3","Test4","Test5","Test6","Test7"};
        return DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data);
    }

启动测试

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建CategoryDataset对象
        CategoryDataset dataset = createDataset();
        // 根据Dataset 生成JFreeChart对象,并设置相应的样式
        JFreeChart freeChart = createChart(dataset);
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = new FileOutputStream("F:\\chart110605.png");
            ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(out, freeChart,
                    800, 450);// 输出图表
            System.out.println("图片运行成功");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                out.close();
            } catch (final Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

生成图片展示

在这里插入图片描述

第一种方式到此为止,下面上第二种

二、Echarts插件

简介

Echarts在熟悉了解前端的一定不会感到陌生,ECharts是一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库,提供直观,生动,可交互,可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。ECharts最初由百度团队开源,并于2018年初捐赠给Apache基金会,成为ASF孵化级项目。

Echarts官网链接: https://echarts.apache.org/zh/index.html

Echarts插件安装包链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EHk4ALdk-QAedp99c_tcmQ?pwd=aytd

提取码: aytd

解压后里面包含phantomjs-2.1.1-windows和echarts-convert.js,进入\echarts\phantomjs-2.1.1-windows\bin目录下通过cmd命令启动phantomjs D:\toos\echarts\saintlee-echartsconvert-master\echartsconvert\echarts-convert.js -s -p 6666

导入依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId>
            <artifactId>Echarts</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0.6</version>
        </dependency>

直接上代码

这里是echarts-pojo模块(数据模型)

/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:11
 **/
@Data
public class BarParam {
    private Object[] barName;
    private Object[] barValue;
    private String legendName;
}
/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:11
 **/
@Data
public class BarData {
    private String title;  //标题
    private BarParam barParamList;
    private Boolean isHorizontal;  //是否水平放置
    //省略get/set方法,使用lombok插件@Data
}

对GsonOption.java做一层封装,继承GsonOption 类

 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:13
 **/
@Data
public class EnhancedOption extends GsonOption {
    private String filepath;
    private static boolean VIEW =false;
    private static String EXPORT_PATH  ="";
    /**
     * 输出到控制台
     */
    public void print() {
        GsonUtil.print(this);
    }
    /**
     * 输出到控制台
     */
    public void printPretty() {
        GsonUtil.printPretty(this);
    }
    /**
     * 在浏览器中查看
     */
    public void view() {
        if (!VIEW) {
            return;
        }
        if (this.filepath != null) {
            try {
                OptionUtil.browse(this.filepath);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                this.filepath = OptionUtil.browse(this);
            }
        } else {
            this.filepath = OptionUtil.browse(this);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 导出到指定文件名
     *
     * @param fileName
     * @return 返回html路径
     */
    public String exportToHtml(String fileName) {
        return exportToHtml(EXPORT_PATH, fileName);
    }
}

请求工具类

/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:02
 **/
@Slf4j
public class HttpUtil {
    /**
     * 发送post请求
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @param charset
     * @return
     * @throws ClientProtocolException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> params, String charset)
            throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + params);
        String responseEntity = "";
        // 创建CloseableHttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 生成请求参数
        List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<>();
        if (params != null) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        // 将参数添加到post请求中
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, charset));
        // 发送请求,获取结果(同步阻塞)
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
        // 获取响应实体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            // 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
            responseEntity = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);
        }
        // 释放资源
        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        response.close();
        //System.out.println("responseEntity = " + responseEntity);
        return responseEntity;
    }
    public static String postUrl(String url, Map<String, Object> params, String charset) {
        String responseEntity = "";
        // 创建CloseableHttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 将参数添加到post请求中
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(params), charset));
        // 发送请求,获取结果(同步阻塞)
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = client.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                // 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                responseEntity = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);
            }
            // 释放资源
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return responseEntity;
    }
    /**
     * post请求(用于请求json格式的参数)
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, String params) throws Exception {
        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + params);
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);// 创建httpPost
        httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
        String charSet = "UTF-8";
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(params, charSet);
        //logger.info("entity = " + entity);
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            //logger.info("response = " + response);
            StatusLine status = response.getStatusLine();
            int state = status.getStatusCode();
            if (state == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
                String jsonString = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity);
                log.info("post请求响应结果:{}", jsonString);
                return jsonString;
            }
            else{
                log.error("请求返回:"+state+"("+url+")");
            }
        }
        finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error(e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * http发送POST请求
     *
     * @author J.M.C
     * @since 2019年1月16日
     * @param url 长连接URL
     * @param paramsJson 请求参数body
     * @return result 字符串
     */
    public static String doPostJson(String url, JSONObject paramsJson) {
        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + paramsJson);
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(url)){
            log.error("httpPostRequest url is null");
            return null;
        }
        String result = "";
        try {
            // 创建httpClient实例
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 创建httpPost远程连接实例
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 配置请求参数实例
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(10000)// 设置连接主机服务超时时间
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(10000)// 设置连接请求超时时间
                    .setSocketTimeout(30000)// 设置读取数据连接超时时间
                    .build();
            // 为httpPost实例设置配置
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            // 设置请求头
            httpPost.addHeader("content-type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
            // 封装post请求参数
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(paramsJson.toJSONString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            // httpClient对象执行post请求,并返回响应参数对象
            //   HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应对象中获取响应内容
            result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
            //logger.info("result = {}" , result);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            log.error("URLUtil.httpPostRequest encounters an UnsupportedEncodingException : {}",e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("URLUtil.httpPostRequest encounters an IOException : {}",e);
        }
        log.info("URLUtil.httpPostRequest -----result----: " + result);
        return result;
    }
}
**文件工具类**
/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 15:31
 **/
public class FileUtil {
    public static File generateImage(String base64, String path) throws IOException {
        BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
        File file = new File(path);
        String fileName = file.getName();
        System.out.println("file = " + file);
        //创建临时文件
        //File tempFile = File.createTempFile(fileName, ".png");
        //FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);*/
        try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path)){
            // 解密
            byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(base64);
            for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
                if (b[i] < 0) {
                    b[i] += 256;
                }
            }
            out.write(b);
            out.flush();
            return file;
        }
       /* finally {
            //关闭临时文件
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
                tempFile.deleteOnExit();//程序退出时删除临时文件
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        */
    }
    public static void deleteFile(File file) {
        //File file = new File();
        String fileName = file.getName();
        // 如果文件路径所对应的文件存在,并且是一个文件,则直接删除
        if (file.exists() && file.isFile()) {
            if (file.delete()) {
                System.out.println("删除单个文件" + fileName + "成功!");
            } else {
                System.out.println("删除单个文件" + fileName + "失败!");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("删除单个文件失败:" + fileName + "不存在!");
        }
    }
}

EchartsUtil.java:将option转化为图片编码base64

/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:07
 **/
public class EchartsUtil {
//    private static String url = "http://localhost:6666";
    private static final String SUCCESS_CODE = "1";
    public static String generateEchartsBase64(String option, String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        String base64 = "";
        if (option == null) {
            return base64;
        }
        option = option.replaceAll("\\s+", "").replaceAll("\"", "'");
        // 将option字符串作为参数发送给echartsConvert服务器
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("opt", option);
        String response = HttpUtil.post(url, params, "utf-8");
        // 解析echartsConvert响应
        JSONObject responseJson = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
        String code = responseJson.getString("code");
        // 如果echartsConvert正常返回
        if (SUCCESS_CODE.equals(code)) {
            base64 = responseJson.getString("data");
        }
        // 未正常返回
        else {
            String string = responseJson.getString("msg");
            throw new RuntimeException(string);
        }
        return base64;
    }
}

生成柱状图

 /**
     * 生成单柱状图
     * @param //isHorizontal 是否水平放置
     * @param //color  柱状图颜色,可以不设置,默认为红色
     * @param //title  柱状图标题
     * @param //xdatas  横轴数据
     * @param //ydatas  纵轴数据
     * @return
     */
    public static GsonOption createBar(BarData barData){
        String title = barData.getTitle();
        boolean isHorizontal = barData.getIsHorizontal();
        Object[] xdatas = barData.getBarParamList().getBarName();
        Object[] ydatas = barData.getBarParamList().getBarValue();
        String legendName = barData.getBarParamList().getLegendName();
        Bar bar = new Bar();  //图类别(柱状图)
        //title
        EnhancedOption option = new EnhancedOption();
        option.title(title);  //标题
        option.title().textStyle().fontSize(15).color("#000000").fontWeight("bolder");
        //工具栏 toolbox
        option.toolbox().show(true).feature(Tool.mark,  //辅助线
                Tool.dataView, //数据视图
                new MagicType(Magic.line, Magic.bar), //线图,柱状图切换
                Tool.restore, //还原
                Tool.saveAsImage   //保存图片
        );
        option.toolbox().show(true).feature();
        //tooltip
        option.tooltip().show(true).formatter("{a}<br/>{b} : {c}");  //显示工具提示,设置提示格式
        //legend
        Legend legend = new Legend();
        TextStyle textStyle = new TextStyle();
        textStyle.color("red");
        textStyle.fontSize(10);
        textStyle.fontWeight("bolder");
        legend.setData(Collections.singletonList(legendName));
        legend.setTextStyle(textStyle);
//        legend.setBorderWidth(100);
        option.setLegend(legend);  //图例
        //axisLabel
        AxisLabel axisLabel = new AxisLabel();
        TextStyle textStyle1 = new TextStyle();
        textStyle1.fontSize(10);
        textStyle1.fontWeight("bolder");
        axisLabel.show(true);
        axisLabel.textStyle(textStyle1);
        axisLabel.setRotate(40);
        axisLabel.setInterval(0);
        //axisLine
        AxisLine axisLine = new AxisLine();
        LineStyle lineStyle = new LineStyle();
        lineStyle.color("#000000");
        lineStyle.width(4);
        axisLine.lineStyle(lineStyle);
        //xAxis
        CategoryAxis category = new CategoryAxis();// 轴分类
        category.data(xdatas);// 轴数据类别
        category.axisLabel(axisLabel);  // x轴文字样式
        category.axisLine(axisLine);  //x轴样式
        //yAxis
        ValueAxis valueAxis = new ValueAxis();
        valueAxis.setName("次数");
        valueAxis.axisLabel().show(true).textStyle().fontSize(15).fontWeight("bolder");  //y轴文字样式
        valueAxis.axisLine().lineStyle().color("#315070").width(4);  //y轴样式
        //series
        bar.name(legendName);
        Normal normal = new Normal();
        normal.setShow(true);
        if(barData.getIsHorizontal() == false){
            normal.position(Position.inside);
        }else {
            normal.position(Position.top);
        }
        normal.color("green");
        normal.textStyle().color("red").fontSize(15).fontWeight("bolder");
        bar.setBarWidth("70");  //柱条宽度
//        bar.setBarMaxWidth(100);  //柱条最大宽度
        //bar.setBarMinHeight(10);  //柱条最小高度
        bar.label().normal(normal);
        //循环数据
        for(int i = 0;i < xdatas.length;i++){
            int data = (int) ydatas[i];
            String color = "rgb(251,153,2)";
            //类目对应的柱状图
            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(2);
            map.put("value", data);
            map.put("itemStyle", new ItemStyle().normal(new Normal().color(color)));
            bar.data(map);
        }
        if(isHorizontal){  //横轴为类别,纵轴为值
            option.xAxis(category);  //x轴
            option.yAxis(valueAxis);  //y轴
        }else {  //横轴为值,纵轴为类别
            option.xAxis(valueAxis);  //x轴
            option.yAxis(category);  //y轴
        }
        option.series(bar);
        return option;
    }

启动测试

/**
 * <h3>demo</h3>
 * <p></p>
 *  * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:09
 **/
@Slf4j
public class EchartBar {
    private static   String  requestUrl= "http://127.0.0.1:6666";
    private static   String  imgUrl= "F:/";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BarData barData = new BarData();
        barData.setTitle("Test");
        barData.setIsHorizontal(true);
        BarParam barParam = new BarParam();
        String[] columnKeys = {"Test1","Test2","Test3","Test4","Test5","Test6","Test7"};
        barParam.setBarName(columnKeys);
        Object[] data ={1,9,0,15,9,3,4};
        barParam.setBarValue(data);
        barData.setBarParamList(barParam);
        GsonOption option = createBar(barData);
        String optionStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(option);
        log.error(optionStr);
        if(optionStr == null || "".equals(optionStr)){
            return;
        }
        try {
            String base64 =  EchartsUtil.generateEchartsBase64(optionStr, requestUrl);
            log.info("base64:" + base64);
            long nowStr = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
            //图片名
            String imageName =  JDate.getDuanshijian(new JDate(),"yyyy-MM-dd_HH_mm_ss") +".png";
            log.info("bar图片:" + imageName);
            File oldfile = FileUtil.generateImage(base64, imgUrl+imageName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

生成图片展示

在这里插入图片描述

两种方案到这就都实现了,来讲一下这两种的优缺点吧

以上是个人觉得,不诋毁。

总结

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