SpringMVC处理器映射器HandlerMapping详解
作者:这是一条海鱼
前言
在SpringMVC中会有很多请求,每个请求都需要一个HandlerAdapter处理,具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个HandlerAdapter进行处理呢,他们的过程是什么。本文将对此问题进行讨论
DispatcherServlet在初始化中,会调用其initHandlerMappings方法注册HandlerMapping对象并放到其缓存池中,其过程如下:先查询容器中是否有处理器映射器,如果有就注册到其缓存池中,如果没有就安装默认到规则创建处理器映射器,并注册到其缓存池中。
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) { this.handlerMappings = null; //detectAllHandlerMappings默认为true //true标志检测所有handlerMapping,false只获取“handlerMapping”bean。 if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) { // 在ApplicationContext中查找所有HandlerMappings,包括祖先上下文。 Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false); if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) { this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values()); //排序 AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings); } } else { try { //只获取“handlerMapping”bean HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class); this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm); } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) { // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later. } } //通过注册,确保我们至少有一个HandlerMapping //如果找不到其他映射,则为默认HandlerMapping。 if (this.handlerMappings == null) { //从spring-webmvc下的DispatcherServlet.properties读取默认配置 this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties"); } } }
Spring默认HandlerMapping有BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,RequestMappingHandlerMapping,RouterFunctionMapping
一、处理器映射器架构
处理器映射器使用了策略模式
1、策略接口
HandlerMapping用来查找Handler的。在SpringMVC中会有很多请求,每个请求都需要一个Handler处理,具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个Handler进行处理呢?这就是HandlerMapping需要做的事
HandlerMapping:负责映射用户的URL和对应的处理类Handler,HandlerMapping并没有规定这个URL与应用的处理类如何映射。所以在HandlerMapping接口中仅仅定义了根据一个URL必须返回一个由HandlerExecutionChain代表的处理链,我们可以在这个处理链中添加任意的HandlerAdapter实例来处理这个URL对应的请求(这样保证了最大的灵活性映射关系)。
public interface HandlerMapping { ...//忽略一些常量 @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception; }
2、请求链
public class HandlerExecutionChain { //处理器 private final Object handler; //拦截器 private HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors; //拦截器 private List<HandlerInterceptor> interceptorList; //忽略代码.... }
3、模版类
处理器映射器都是实现AbstractHandlerMapping,该抽象类完成了所有的Handler以及handler里面所有的HandlerMethod的模版操作,但是怎么获取Handler,这些逻辑都是交给子类自己去实现,所以这层抽象可谓也是非常的灵活,并没有把Handler的实现方式定死。
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMapping extends WebApplicationObjectSupport implements HandlerMapping, Ordered, BeanNameAware { //默认的Handler,这边使用的Obejct,子类实现的时候,使用HandlerMethod,HandlerExecutionChain等 @Nullable private Object defaultHandler; // url路径计算的辅助类、工具类 private UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper(); // Ant风格的Path匹配模式~ 解决如/books/{id}场景 private PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher(); // 保存着拦截器们~~~ private final List<Object> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(); // 从interceptors中解析得到,直接添加给全部handler private final List<HandlerInterceptor> adaptedInterceptors = new ArrayList<>(); // 跨域相关的配置~ private CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); private CorsProcessor corsProcessor = new DefaultCorsProcessor(); // 最低的顺序(default: same as non-Ordered) private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE; @Nullable private String beanName; /** * Initializes the interceptors. * @see #extendInterceptors(java.util.List) * @see #initInterceptors() */ @Override protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException { // 给子类扩展:增加拦截器,默认为空实现.RequestMappingHandlerMapping也没有重写这个方法 extendInterceptors(this.interceptors); // 找到所有MappedInterceptor(截器是)类型的bean添加到adaptedInterceptors中 detectMappedInterceptors(this.adaptedInterceptors); // 将interceptors中的拦截器取出放入adaptedInterceptors // 如果是WebRequestInterceptor类型的拦截器 需要用WebRequestHandlerInterceptorAdapter进行包装适配 initInterceptors(); } @Override @Nullable public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { //根据请求获取对应的处理器,子类实现 Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request); if (handler == null) { //如果获取不到,到默认到处理器中 handler = getDefaultHandler(); } //如果还没有处理器,返回null if (handler == null) { return null; } // 意思是如果当前传入的handler是个String类型,那就根据其名字去容器内找这个Bean,当作一个Handler~ if (handler instanceof String) { String handlerName = (String) handler; //到容器中找 handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName); } //根据handler和request构造一个请求处理链~~ HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request); // 4.2版本提供了对CORS跨域资源共享的支持 此处暂时略过~ if (hasCorsConfigurationSource(handler)) { CorsConfiguration config = (this.corsConfigurationSource != null ? this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(request) : null); CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request); config = (config != null ? config.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig); executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config); } return executionChain; } @Nullable protected abstract Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception; }
接下来最重要的就是以getHandlerInternal()方法为主线,看看其子类们的实现。它主要分为两大主线: AbstractUrlHandlerMapping
和 AbstractHandlerMethodMapping
。
本文是以AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的子类RequestMappingHandlerMapping为主线
二、RequestMappingHandlerMapping的初始化
HandlerMethod映射器都是是处理器映射器的一种类型的映射器。这种类型的映射器有一个模版类AbstractHandlerMethodMapping 所有的HandlerMethod映射器都是实现他的
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping包括其初始化和调用过程。为了好讲解,在这里就将其初始化和调用过程代码分开说
HandlerMethod映射器模版类的初始化
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean { private static final HandlerMethod PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH = new HandlerMethod(new EmptyHandler(), ClassUtils.getMethod(EmptyHandler.class, "handle")); private static final CorsConfiguration ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG = new CorsConfiguration(); static { ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedOrigin("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedMethod("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedHeader("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.setAllowCredentials(true); } private boolean detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts = false; @Nullable private HandlerMethodMappingNamingStrategy<T> namingStrategy; //注册表,HandlerMapping在容器启动过程中初始化,把扫描到的handler放到注册表中 private final MappingRegistry mappingRegistry = new MappingRegistry(); @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { initHandlerMethods(); } protected void initHandlerMethods() { //循环所有的bean for (String beanName : getCandidateBeanNames()) { //如果bean名字不是以scopedTarget.开头 if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) { processCandidateBean(beanName); } } //日志输出 handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods()); } protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) { Class<?> beanType = null; try { beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex); } } //因为这里我们是研究RequestMappingHandlerMapping,所以这局代码内容如下 //如果beanType不为null,且类上标注@Controller注解或者@RequestMapping注解 if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) { detectHandlerMethods(beanName); } } protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) { Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ? obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass()); if (handlerType != null) { Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType); Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType, (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> { try { return getMappingForMethod(method, userType); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" + userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex); } }); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods)); } methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> { Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType); //底层使用了MappingRegistry的register方法 registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping); }); } } //忽略处理器映射器查询Handler部分代码..... }
1、循环所有的bean,如果bean名字不是以scopedTarget.开头,那么就判断他们是否是Handler(类上标注@Controller注解或者@RequestMapping注解)
2、如果是Handler,获取这个类上所有标注@RequestMapping的方法信息,以RequestMappingInfo形式
3、把他们储存到MappingRegistry中
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry:内部类注册中心
维护几个Map(键值对),用来存储映射的信息, 还有一个MappingRegistration专门保存注册信息 这个注册中心,核心是保存了多个Map映射关系,相当于缓存下来。在请求过来时需要查找的时候,可以迅速定位到处理器
class MappingRegistry { //对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说 //保存着RequestMappingInfo和MappingRegistration的对应关系~ private final Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry = new HashMap<>(); // 对于保存着mapping和HandlerMethod的对应关系~ //对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说 //保存着RequestMappingInfo和HandlerMethod的对应关系~ private final Map<T, HandlerMethod> mappingLookup = new LinkedHashMap<>(); // 这里的Map不是普通的Map,而是MultiValueMap,它是个多值Map。其实它的value是一个list类型的值 // 至于为何是多值?有这么一种情况 URL都是/api/v1/hello 但是有的是get post delete等方法 所以有可能是会匹配到多个MappingInfo的 //对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说,保存着URL和RequestMappingInfo的关系~ private final MultiValueMap<String, T> urlLookup = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); //对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说,保存着URL和HandlerMethod的关系~ private final Map<String, List<HandlerMethod>> nameLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>() // 这两个就不用解释了 private final Map<HandlerMethod, CorsConfiguration> corsLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); // 读写锁~~~ 读写分离 提高启动效率 private final ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); //5.1版本其子类只有一个RequestMappingHandlerMapping,T就是RequestMappingInfo //handler一般情况下是处理器方法从属bean的名字 //method是处理器方法 public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) { if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(method.getDeclaringClass()) && KotlinDelegate.isSuspend(method)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported suspending handler method detected: " + method); } this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock(); try { HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method); //断言提供的映射是唯一的。 validateMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping); this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod); List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping); for (String url : directUrls) { this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping); } String name = null; if (getNamingStrategy() != null) { name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping); addMappingName(name, handlerMethod); } //初始化跨域配置 //使用的是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的initCorsConfiguration方法,子类实现 CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping); if (corsConfig != null) { this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig); } this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name)); } finally { this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock(); } }
这个注册中心,核心是保存了多个Map映射关系,相当于缓存下来。在请求过来时需要查找的时候,可以迅速定位到处理器
在其初始化过程中,其主要模版化的2个方法
protected CorsConfiguration initCorsConfiguration(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) { return null; } protected abstract boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType);
三、RequestMappingHandlerMapping映射器模版类的调用
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean { private static final HandlerMethod PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH = new HandlerMethod(new EmptyHandler(), ClassUtils.getMethod(EmptyHandler.class, "handle")); private static final CorsConfiguration ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG = new CorsConfiguration(); static { ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedOrigin("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedMethod("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedHeader("*"); ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.setAllowCredentials(true); } private boolean detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts = false; @Nullable private HandlerMethodMappingNamingStrategy<T> namingStrategy; //注册表,HandlerMapping在容器启动过程中初始化,把扫描到的handler放到注册表中 private final MappingRegistry mappingRegistry = new MappingRegistry(); //忽略初始化部分代码..... protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { //获取请求路径 String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request); //放到请求属性中 request.setAttribute(LOOKUP_PATH, lookupPath); this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock(); try { //根据请求和路径获取对应的处理方法,注册表中取 HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request); return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null); } finally { this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock(); } } protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { // Match是一个private class,内部就两个属性:T mapping和HandlerMethod handlerMethod List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<>(); // 根据lookupPath去注册中心里查找RequestMappingInfo,因为一个具体的url可能匹配上多个RequestMappingInfo // 至于为何是多值?有这么一种情况 URL都是/api/v1/hello 但是有的是get post delete等方法 等不一样,都算多个的 所以有可能是会匹配到多个MappingInfo的 // 所有这个里可以匹配出多个出来。比如/hello 匹配出GET、POST、PUT都成,所以size可以为3 List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath); if (directPathMatches != null) { // 依赖于子类实现的抽象方法:getMatchingMapping() 看看到底匹不匹配,而不仅仅是URL匹配就行 // 比如还有method、headers、consumes等等这些不同都代表着不同的MappingInfo的 // 最终匹配上的,会new Match()放进matches里面去 addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request); } // 当还没有匹配上的时候,别无选择,只能浏览所有映射 // 这里为何要浏览所有的mappings呢?而不是报错404呢? // 增加路径匹配对范围,如:/rest 匹配 /rest.ssss if (matches.isEmpty()) { addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request); } // 只要找到了一个匹配的 就进来这里了~~~ // 请注意:因为到这里 匹配上的可能还不止一个 所以才需要继续处理~~ if (!matches.isEmpty()) { Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request)); matches.sort(comparator); //如果匹配到多个,就取第一个 Match bestMatch = matches.get(0); if (matches.size() > 1) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches); } if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) { return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH; } Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1); if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) { Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod(); Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod(); String uri = request.getRequestURI(); throw new IllegalStateException(" "); } } request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.handlerMethod); //请求域增加一些属性,子类重写 handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request); return bestMatch.handlerMethod; } else { //请求域增加一些属性,子类重写 return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request); } } } protected void handleMatch(T mapping, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) { request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE, lookupPath); } @Nullable protected HandlerMethod handleNoMatch(Set<T> mappings, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { return null; }
RequestMappingHandlerMapping调用
public abstract class RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping extends AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<RequestMappingInfo> { private static final Method HTTP_OPTIONS_HANDLE_METHOD; /** * Expose URI template variables, matrix variables, and producible media types in the request. * @see HandlerMapping#URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE * @see HandlerMapping#MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE * @see HandlerMapping#PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE */ @Override protected void handleMatch(RequestMappingInfo info, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) { super.handleMatch(info, lookupPath, request); String bestPattern; Map<String, String> uriVariables; Set<String> patterns = info.getPatternsCondition().getPatterns(); if (patterns.isEmpty()) { bestPattern = lookupPath; uriVariables = Collections.emptyMap(); } else { bestPattern = patterns.iterator().next(); uriVariables = getPathMatcher().extractUriTemplateVariables(bestPattern, lookupPath); } request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE, bestPattern); if (isMatrixVariableContentAvailable()) { Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> matrixVars = extractMatrixVariables(request, uriVariables); request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE, matrixVars); } Map<String, String> decodedUriVariables = getUrlPathHelper().decodePathVariables(request, uriVariables); request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE, decodedUriVariables); if (!info.getProducesCondition().getProducibleMediaTypes().isEmpty()) { Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = info.getProducesCondition().getProducibleMediaTypes(); request.setAttribute(PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE, mediaTypes); } } private boolean isMatrixVariableContentAvailable() { return !getUrlPathHelper().shouldRemoveSemicolonContent(); } private Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> extractMatrixVariables( HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, String> uriVariables) { Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>(); uriVariables.forEach((uriVarKey, uriVarValue) -> { int equalsIndex = uriVarValue.indexOf('='); if (equalsIndex == -1) { return; } int semicolonIndex = uriVarValue.indexOf(';'); if (semicolonIndex != -1 && semicolonIndex != 0) { uriVariables.put(uriVarKey, uriVarValue.substring(0, semicolonIndex)); } String matrixVariables; if (semicolonIndex == -1 || semicolonIndex == 0 || equalsIndex < semicolonIndex) { matrixVariables = uriVarValue; } else { matrixVariables = uriVarValue.substring(semicolonIndex + 1); } MultiValueMap<String, String> vars = WebUtils.parseMatrixVariables(matrixVariables); result.put(uriVarKey, getUrlPathHelper().decodeMatrixVariables(request, vars)); }); return result; } /** * Iterate all RequestMappingInfo's once again, look if any match by URL at * least and raise exceptions according to what doesn't match. * @throws HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException if there are matches by URL * but not by HTTP method * @throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException if there are matches by URL * but not by consumable/producible media types */ @Override protected HandlerMethod handleNoMatch( Set<RequestMappingInfo> infos, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException { PartialMatchHelper helper = new PartialMatchHelper(infos, request); if (helper.isEmpty()) { return null; } if (helper.hasMethodsMismatch()) { Set<String> methods = helper.getAllowedMethods(); if (HttpMethod.OPTIONS.matches(request.getMethod())) { HttpOptionsHandler handler = new HttpOptionsHandler(methods); return new HandlerMethod(handler, HTTP_OPTIONS_HANDLE_METHOD); } throw new HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException(request.getMethod(), methods); } if (helper.hasConsumesMismatch()) { Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = helper.getConsumableMediaTypes(); MediaType contentType = null; if (StringUtils.hasLength(request.getContentType())) { try { contentType = MediaType.parseMediaType(request.getContentType()); } catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) { throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage()); } } throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes)); } if (helper.hasProducesMismatch()) { Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = helper.getProducibleMediaTypes(); throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes)); } if (helper.hasParamsMismatch()) { List<String[]> conditions = helper.getParamConditions(); throw new UnsatisfiedServletRequestParameterException(conditions, request.getParameterMap()); } return null; } }
RequestMappingHandlerMapping根据请求获取对应的handlerMethod过程是:
1、获取请求路径
2、根据路径到注册表中查询对应路径的RequestMappingInfo
3、如果匹配到多个,就取第一个。
4、如果匹配不到,就到注册表中查询所有RequestMappingInfo,匹配规则我们可以自定义。
Spring MVC请求URL带后缀匹配的情况,如/hello.json也能匹配/hello
RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping 在处理http请求的时候, 如果 请求url 有后缀,如果找不到精确匹配的那个@RequestMapping方法。 那么,就把后缀去掉,然后.*去匹配,这样,一般都可以匹配,默认这个行为是被开启的。
比如有一个@RequestMapping("/rest"), 那么精确匹配的情况下, 只会匹配/rest请求。 但如果我前端发来一个 /rest.abcdef 这样的请求, 又没有配置 @RequestMapping("/rest.abcdef") 这样映射的情况下, 那么@RequestMapping("/rest") 就会生效。
这样会带来什么问题呢?绝大多数情况下是没有问题的,但是如果你是一个对权限要求非常严格的系统,强烈关闭此项功能,否则你会有意想不到的"收获"。
究其原因咱们可以接着上面的分析,其实就到了PatternsRequestCondition这个类上,具体实现是它的匹配逻辑来决定的。
public final class PatternsRequestCondition extends AbstractRequestCondition<PatternsRequestCondition> { ... @Override @Nullable public PatternsRequestCondition getMatchingCondition(HttpServletRequest request) { // patterns表示此MappingInfo可以匹配的值们。一般对应@RequestMapping注解上的patters数组的值 if (this.patterns.isEmpty()) { return this; } // 拿到待匹配的值,比如此处为"/hello.json" String lookupPath = this.pathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request); // 最主要就是这个方法了,它拿着这个lookupPath匹配~~~~ List<String> matches = getMatchingPatterns(lookupPath); // 此处如果为empty,就返回null了~~~~ return (!matches.isEmpty() ? new PatternsRequestCondition(matches, this.pathHelper, this.pathMatcher, this.useSuffixPatternMatch, this.useTrailingSlashMatch, this.fileExtensions) : null); } public List<String> getMatchingPatterns(String lookupPath) { List<String> matches = new ArrayList<>(); for (String pattern : this.patterns) { // 最最最重点就是在getMatchingPattern()这个方法里~~~ 拿着lookupPath和pattern看它俩合拍不~ String match = getMatchingPattern(pattern, lookupPath); if (match != null) { matches.add(match); } } // 解释一下为何匹配的可能是多个。因为url匹配上了,但是还有可能@RequestMapping的其余属性匹配不上啊,所以此处需要注意 是可能匹配上多个的 最终是唯一匹配就成~ if (matches.size() > 1) { matches.sort(this.pathMatcher.getPatternComparator(lookupPath)); } return matches; } // // ===============url的真正匹配规则 非常重要~~~=============== // 注意这个方法的取名,上面是负数,这里是单数~~~~命名规范也是有艺术感的 @Nullable private String getMatchingPattern(String pattern, String lookupPath) { // 完全相等,那就不继续聊了~~~ if (pattern.equals(lookupPath)) { return pattern; } // 注意了:useSuffixPatternMatch 这个属性就是我们最终要关闭后缀匹配的关键 // 这个值默外部给传的true(其实内部默认值是boolean类型为false) if (this.useSuffixPatternMatch) { // 这个意思是若useSuffixPatternMatch=true我们支持后缀匹配。我们还可以配置fileExtensions让只支持我们自定义的指定的后缀匹配,而不是下面最终的.*全部支持 if (!this.fileExtensions.isEmpty() && lookupPath.indexOf('.') != -1) { for (String extension : this.fileExtensions) { if (this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + extension, lookupPath)) { return pattern + extension; } } } // 若你没有配置指定后缀匹配,并且你的handler也没有.*这样匹配的,那就默认你的pattern就给你添加上后缀".*",表示匹配所有请求的url的后缀~~~ else { boolean hasSuffix = pattern.indexOf('.') != -1; if (!hasSuffix && this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + ".*", lookupPath)) { return pattern + ".*"; } } } // 若匹配上了 直接返回此patter if (this.pathMatcher.match(pattern, lookupPath)) { return pattern; } // 这又是它支持的匹配规则。默认useTrailingSlashMatch它也是true // 这就是为何我们的/hello/也能匹配上/hello的原因 // 从这可以看出,Spring MVC的宽容度是很高的,容错处理做得是非常不错的~~~~~~~ if (this.useTrailingSlashMatch) { if (!pattern.endsWith("/") && this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + "/", lookupPath)) { return pattern + "/"; } } return null; } }
分析了URL的匹配原因,现在肯定知道为何默认情况下"/hello.aaaa"或者"/hello.aaaa/“或者”"/hello/""能匹配上我们/hello的原因了吧~~~
Spring和SpringBoot中如何关闭此项功能呢?
为何要关闭的理由,上面其实已经说了。当我们涉及到严格的权限校验(强权限控制)的时候。特备是一些银行系统、资产系统等等,关闭后缀匹配事非常有必要的。
public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware { private boolean useSuffixPatternMatch = true; private boolean useTrailingSlashMatch = true; }
可以看到这两个属性值都直接冒泡到RequestMappingHandlerMapping这个实现类上来了,所以我们直接通过配置来改变它的默认行为就成。
@Configuration @EnableWebMvc public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { // 关闭后缀名匹配,关闭最后一个/匹配 @Override public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) { configurer.setUseSuffixPatternMatch(false); configurer.setUseTrailingSlashMatch(false); } } }
**就这么一下,我们的URL就安全了,再也不能后缀名任意匹配了。**在想用后缀匹配,就甩你四个大字:404
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