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SpringMVC处理器映射器HandlerMapping详解

作者:这是一条海鱼

这篇文章主要介绍了SpringMVC处理器映射器HandlerMapping详解,在SpringMVC中会有很多请求,每个请求都需要一个HandlerAdapter处理,具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个HandlerAdapter进行处理呢,他们的过程是什么,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

在SpringMVC中会有很多请求,每个请求都需要一个HandlerAdapter处理,具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个HandlerAdapter进行处理呢,他们的过程是什么。本文将对此问题进行讨论

DispatcherServlet在初始化中,会调用其initHandlerMappings方法注册HandlerMapping对象并放到其缓存池中,其过程如下:先查询容器中是否有处理器映射器,如果有就注册到其缓存池中,如果没有就安装默认到规则创建处理器映射器,并注册到其缓存池中。

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
		this.handlerMappings = null;
		//detectAllHandlerMappings默认为true
		//true标志检测所有handlerMapping,false只获取“handlerMapping”bean。
		if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
			// 在ApplicationContext中查找所有HandlerMappings,包括祖先上下文。
			Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
			if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
				//排序
				AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
			}
		}
		else {
			try {
			   //只获取“handlerMapping”bean
				HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
				this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
			}
		}
		 //通过注册,确保我们至少有一个HandlerMapping
         //如果找不到其他映射,则为默认HandlerMapping。
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
		    //从spring-webmvc下的DispatcherServlet.properties读取默认配置
			this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
						"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
			}
		}
	}

Spring默认HandlerMapping有BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,RequestMappingHandlerMapping,RouterFunctionMapping

在这里插入图片描述

一、处理器映射器架构

处理器映射器使用了策略模式

1、策略接口

HandlerMapping用来查找Handler的。在SpringMVC中会有很多请求,每个请求都需要一个Handler处理,具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个Handler进行处理呢?这就是HandlerMapping需要做的事

HandlerMapping:负责映射用户的URL和对应的处理类Handler,HandlerMapping并没有规定这个URL与应用的处理类如何映射。所以在HandlerMapping接口中仅仅定义了根据一个URL必须返回一个由HandlerExecutionChain代表的处理链,我们可以在这个处理链中添加任意的HandlerAdapter实例来处理这个URL对应的请求(这样保证了最大的灵活性映射关系)。

public interface HandlerMapping {
   ...//忽略一些常量
	@Nullable
	HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}

2、请求链

public class HandlerExecutionChain {
    //处理器
	private final Object handler;
	//拦截器
	private HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors;
	//拦截器
	private List<HandlerInterceptor> interceptorList;
	//忽略代码....
}

3、模版类

处理器映射器都是实现AbstractHandlerMapping,该抽象类完成了所有的Handler以及handler里面所有的HandlerMethod的模版操作,但是怎么获取Handler,这些逻辑都是交给子类自己去实现,所以这层抽象可谓也是非常的灵活,并没有把Handler的实现方式定死。

public abstract class AbstractHandlerMapping extends WebApplicationObjectSupport
		implements HandlerMapping, Ordered, BeanNameAware {
	//默认的Handler,这边使用的Obejct,子类实现的时候,使用HandlerMethod,HandlerExecutionChain等
	@Nullable
	private Object defaultHandler;
	// url路径计算的辅助类、工具类
	private UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
	// Ant风格的Path匹配模式~  解决如/books/{id}场景
	private PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
	// 保存着拦截器们~~~
	private final List<Object> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
	// 从interceptors中解析得到,直接添加给全部handler
	private final List<HandlerInterceptor> adaptedInterceptors = new ArrayList<>();
	// 跨域相关的配置~
	private CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
	private CorsProcessor corsProcessor = new DefaultCorsProcessor();
	// 最低的顺序(default: same as non-Ordered)
	private int order = Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
	@Nullable
	private String beanName;
	/**
	 * Initializes the interceptors.
	 * @see #extendInterceptors(java.util.List)
	 * @see #initInterceptors()
	 */
	@Override
	protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException {
		// 给子类扩展:增加拦截器,默认为空实现.RequestMappingHandlerMapping也没有重写这个方法
		extendInterceptors(this.interceptors);
		// 找到所有MappedInterceptor(截器是)类型的bean添加到adaptedInterceptors中
		detectMappedInterceptors(this.adaptedInterceptors);
		// 将interceptors中的拦截器取出放入adaptedInterceptors
		// 如果是WebRequestInterceptor类型的拦截器  需要用WebRequestHandlerInterceptorAdapter进行包装适配
		initInterceptors();
	}
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	    //根据请求获取对应的处理器,子类实现
		Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
		if (handler == null) {
		    //如果获取不到,到默认到处理器中
			handler = getDefaultHandler();
		}
		//如果还没有处理器,返回null
		if (handler == null) {
			return null;
		}
		// 意思是如果当前传入的handler是个String类型,那就根据其名字去容器内找这个Bean,当作一个Handler~
		if (handler instanceof String) {
			String handlerName = (String) handler;
			//到容器中找
			handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
		}
          //根据handler和request构造一个请求处理链~~
		  HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
       // 4.2版本提供了对CORS跨域资源共享的支持  此处暂时略过~
		if (hasCorsConfigurationSource(handler)) {
			CorsConfiguration config = (this.corsConfigurationSource != null ? this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(request) : null);
			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
			config = (config != null ? config.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
			executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
		}
		return executionChain;
	}
	@Nullable
	protected abstract Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}

接下来最重要的就是以getHandlerInternal()方法为主线,看看其子类们的实现。它主要分为两大主线: AbstractUrlHandlerMapping AbstractHandlerMethodMapping

本文是以AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的子类RequestMappingHandlerMapping为主线

在这里插入图片描述

二、RequestMappingHandlerMapping的初始化

HandlerMethod映射器都是是处理器映射器的一种类型的映射器。这种类型的映射器有一个模版类AbstractHandlerMethodMapping 所有的HandlerMethod映射器都是实现他的

AbstractHandlerMethodMapping包括其初始化和调用过程。为了好讲解,在这里就将其初始化和调用过程代码分开说

HandlerMethod映射器模版类的初始化

public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
	private static final HandlerMethod PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH =
			new HandlerMethod(new EmptyHandler(), ClassUtils.getMethod(EmptyHandler.class, "handle"));
	private static final CorsConfiguration ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG = new CorsConfiguration();
	static {
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedOrigin("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedMethod("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedHeader("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.setAllowCredentials(true);
	}
	private boolean detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts = false;
	@Nullable
	private HandlerMethodMappingNamingStrategy<T> namingStrategy;
	//注册表,HandlerMapping在容器启动过程中初始化,把扫描到的handler放到注册表中
     private final MappingRegistry mappingRegistry = new MappingRegistry();
	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() {
		initHandlerMethods();
	}
	protected void initHandlerMethods() {
	    //循环所有的bean
		for (String beanName : getCandidateBeanNames()) {
		    //如果bean名字不是以scopedTarget.开头
			if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) {
				processCandidateBean(beanName);
			}
		}
		//日志输出
		handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
	}
	protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) {
		Class<?> beanType = null;
		try {
			beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
			}
		}
		//因为这里我们是研究RequestMappingHandlerMapping,所以这局代码内容如下
		//如果beanType不为null,且类上标注@Controller注解或者@RequestMapping注解
		if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {
			detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
		}
	}
	protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
		Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
				obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
		if (handlerType != null) {
			Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
			Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
					(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
						try {
							return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
						}
						catch (Throwable ex) {
							throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" +
									userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex);
						}
					});
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
			}
			methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
				Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
				//底层使用了MappingRegistry的register方法
				registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
			});
		}
	}
    //忽略处理器映射器查询Handler部分代码.....
}

1、循环所有的bean,如果bean名字不是以scopedTarget.开头,那么就判断他们是否是Handler(类上标注@Controller注解或者@RequestMapping注解)

2、如果是Handler,获取这个类上所有标注@RequestMapping的方法信息,以RequestMappingInfo形式

3、把他们储存到MappingRegistry中

AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry:内部类注册中心

维护几个Map(键值对),用来存储映射的信息, 还有一个MappingRegistration专门保存注册信息 这个注册中心,核心是保存了多个Map映射关系,相当于缓存下来。在请求过来时需要查找的时候,可以迅速定位到处理器

class MappingRegistry {
	//对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说
	//保存着RequestMappingInfo和MappingRegistration的对应关系~
	private final Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry = new HashMap<>();
	// 对于保存着mapping和HandlerMethod的对应关系~
	//对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说
	//保存着RequestMappingInfo和HandlerMethod的对应关系~
	private final Map<T, HandlerMethod> mappingLookup = new LinkedHashMap<>();
	// 这里的Map不是普通的Map,而是MultiValueMap,它是个多值Map。其实它的value是一个list类型的值
	// 至于为何是多值?有这么一种情况  URL都是/api/v1/hello  但是有的是get post delete等方法   所以有可能是会匹配到多个MappingInfo的
	//对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说,保存着URL和RequestMappingInfo的关系~
	private final MultiValueMap<String, T> urlLookup = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
	//对于RequestMappingHandlerMapping来说,保存着URL和HandlerMethod的关系~
	private final Map<String, List<HandlerMethod>> nameLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>()
	// 这两个就不用解释了
	private final Map<HandlerMethod, CorsConfiguration> corsLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
	// 读写锁~~~ 读写分离  提高启动效率
	private final ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
	//5.1版本其子类只有一个RequestMappingHandlerMapping,T就是RequestMappingInfo
	//handler一般情况下是处理器方法从属bean的名字
	//method是处理器方法
    public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) {
			if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(method.getDeclaringClass()) && KotlinDelegate.isSuspend(method)) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported suspending handler method detected: " + method);
			}
			this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
			try {
				HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
				//断言提供的映射是唯一的。			
				validateMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping);
				this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod);
				List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping);
				for (String url : directUrls) {
					this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping);
				}
				String name = null;
				if (getNamingStrategy() != null) {
					name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping);
					addMappingName(name, handlerMethod);
				}
                //初始化跨域配置
                //使用的是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的initCorsConfiguration方法,子类实现
				CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping);
				if (corsConfig != null) {
					this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig);
				}
				this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name));
			}
			finally {
				this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
			}
		}

这个注册中心,核心是保存了多个Map映射关系,相当于缓存下来。在请求过来时需要查找的时候,可以迅速定位到处理器

在其初始化过程中,其主要模版化的2个方法

protected CorsConfiguration initCorsConfiguration(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) {
		return null;
	}
protected abstract boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType);

三、RequestMappingHandlerMapping映射器模版类的调用

public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
	private static final HandlerMethod PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH =
			new HandlerMethod(new EmptyHandler(), ClassUtils.getMethod(EmptyHandler.class, "handle"));
	private static final CorsConfiguration ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG = new CorsConfiguration();
	static {
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedOrigin("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedMethod("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.addAllowedHeader("*");
		ALLOW_CORS_CONFIG.setAllowCredentials(true);
	}
	private boolean detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts = false;
	@Nullable
	private HandlerMethodMappingNamingStrategy<T> namingStrategy;
	//注册表,HandlerMapping在容器启动过程中初始化,把扫描到的handler放到注册表中
     private final MappingRegistry mappingRegistry = new MappingRegistry();
	 //忽略初始化部分代码.....
	protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	   //获取请求路径
		String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
		//放到请求属性中
		request.setAttribute(LOOKUP_PATH, lookupPath);
		this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();
		try {
		    //根据请求和路径获取对应的处理方法,注册表中取
			HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
			return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
		}
		finally {
			this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
		}
	}
	protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	    // Match是一个private class,内部就两个属性:T mapping和HandlerMethod handlerMethod
		List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<>();
		// 根据lookupPath去注册中心里查找RequestMappingInfo,因为一个具体的url可能匹配上多个RequestMappingInfo
		// 至于为何是多值?有这么一种情况  URL都是/api/v1/hello  但是有的是get post delete等方法  等不一样,都算多个的  所以有可能是会匹配到多个MappingInfo的
		// 所有这个里可以匹配出多个出来。比如/hello 匹配出GET、POST、PUT都成,所以size可以为3
		List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
		if (directPathMatches != null) {
		    // 依赖于子类实现的抽象方法:getMatchingMapping()  看看到底匹不匹配,而不仅仅是URL匹配就行
			// 比如还有method、headers、consumes等等这些不同都代表着不同的MappingInfo的
			// 最终匹配上的,会new Match()放进matches里面去
			addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
		}
		// 当还没有匹配上的时候,别无选择,只能浏览所有映射
		// 这里为何要浏览所有的mappings呢?而不是报错404呢?
		// 增加路径匹配对范围,如:/rest 匹配 /rest.ssss
		if (matches.isEmpty()) {
			addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
		}
        // 只要找到了一个匹配的  就进来这里了~~~
		// 请注意:因为到这里   匹配上的可能还不止一个  所以才需要继续处理~~
		if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
			Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
			matches.sort(comparator);
			//如果匹配到多个,就取第一个
			Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
			if (matches.size() > 1) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches);
				}
				if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
					return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
				}
				Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
				if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
					Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
					Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
					String uri = request.getRequestURI();
					throw new IllegalStateException(" ");
				}
			}
			request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.handlerMethod);
			//请求域增加一些属性,子类重写
			handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
			return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
		}
		else {
		   //请求域增加一些属性,子类重写
			return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
		}
	}	
}
protected void handleMatch(T mapping, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) {
	request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE, lookupPath);
}
@Nullable
protected HandlerMethod handleNoMatch(Set<T> mappings, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request)
	throws Exception {
return null;
}

RequestMappingHandlerMapping调用

public abstract class RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping extends AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<RequestMappingInfo> {
	private static final Method HTTP_OPTIONS_HANDLE_METHOD;
	/**
	 * Expose URI template variables, matrix variables, and producible media types in the request.
	 * @see HandlerMapping#URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE
	 * @see HandlerMapping#MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE
	 * @see HandlerMapping#PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE
	 */
	@Override
	protected void handleMatch(RequestMappingInfo info, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) {
		super.handleMatch(info, lookupPath, request);
		String bestPattern;
		Map<String, String> uriVariables;
		Set<String> patterns = info.getPatternsCondition().getPatterns();
		if (patterns.isEmpty()) {
			bestPattern = lookupPath;
			uriVariables = Collections.emptyMap();
		}
		else {
			bestPattern = patterns.iterator().next();
			uriVariables = getPathMatcher().extractUriTemplateVariables(bestPattern, lookupPath);
		}
		request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE, bestPattern);
		if (isMatrixVariableContentAvailable()) {
			Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> matrixVars = extractMatrixVariables(request, uriVariables);
			request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE, matrixVars);
		}
		Map<String, String> decodedUriVariables = getUrlPathHelper().decodePathVariables(request, uriVariables);
		request.setAttribute(HandlerMapping.URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE, decodedUriVariables);
		if (!info.getProducesCondition().getProducibleMediaTypes().isEmpty()) {
			Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = info.getProducesCondition().getProducibleMediaTypes();
			request.setAttribute(PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE, mediaTypes);
		}
	}
	private boolean isMatrixVariableContentAvailable() {
		return !getUrlPathHelper().shouldRemoveSemicolonContent();
	}
	private Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> extractMatrixVariables(
			HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, String> uriVariables) {
		Map<String, MultiValueMap<String, String>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		uriVariables.forEach((uriVarKey, uriVarValue) -> {
			int equalsIndex = uriVarValue.indexOf('=');
			if (equalsIndex == -1) {
				return;
			}
			int semicolonIndex = uriVarValue.indexOf(';');
			if (semicolonIndex != -1 && semicolonIndex != 0) {
				uriVariables.put(uriVarKey, uriVarValue.substring(0, semicolonIndex));
			}
			String matrixVariables;
			if (semicolonIndex == -1 || semicolonIndex == 0 || equalsIndex < semicolonIndex) {
				matrixVariables = uriVarValue;
			}
			else {
				matrixVariables = uriVarValue.substring(semicolonIndex + 1);
			}
			MultiValueMap<String, String> vars = WebUtils.parseMatrixVariables(matrixVariables);
			result.put(uriVarKey, getUrlPathHelper().decodeMatrixVariables(request, vars));
		});
		return result;
	}
	/**
	 * Iterate all RequestMappingInfo's once again, look if any match by URL at
	 * least and raise exceptions according to what doesn't match.
	 * @throws HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException if there are matches by URL
	 * but not by HTTP method
	 * @throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException if there are matches by URL
	 * but not by consumable/producible media types
	 */
	@Override
	protected HandlerMethod handleNoMatch(
			Set<RequestMappingInfo> infos, String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException {
		PartialMatchHelper helper = new PartialMatchHelper(infos, request);
		if (helper.isEmpty()) {
			return null;
		}
		if (helper.hasMethodsMismatch()) {
			Set<String> methods = helper.getAllowedMethods();
			if (HttpMethod.OPTIONS.matches(request.getMethod())) {
				HttpOptionsHandler handler = new HttpOptionsHandler(methods);
				return new HandlerMethod(handler, HTTP_OPTIONS_HANDLE_METHOD);
			}
			throw new HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException(request.getMethod(), methods);
		}
		if (helper.hasConsumesMismatch()) {
			Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = helper.getConsumableMediaTypes();
			MediaType contentType = null;
			if (StringUtils.hasLength(request.getContentType())) {
				try {
					contentType = MediaType.parseMediaType(request.getContentType());
				}
				catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) {
					throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage());
				}
			}
			throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes));
		}
		if (helper.hasProducesMismatch()) {
			Set<MediaType> mediaTypes = helper.getProducibleMediaTypes();
			throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(new ArrayList<>(mediaTypes));
		}
		if (helper.hasParamsMismatch()) {
			List<String[]> conditions = helper.getParamConditions();
			throw new UnsatisfiedServletRequestParameterException(conditions, request.getParameterMap());
		}
		return null;
	}
}

RequestMappingHandlerMapping根据请求获取对应的handlerMethod过程是:

1、获取请求路径

2、根据路径到注册表中查询对应路径的RequestMappingInfo

3、如果匹配到多个,就取第一个。

4、如果匹配不到,就到注册表中查询所有RequestMappingInfo,匹配规则我们可以自定义。

Spring MVC请求URL带后缀匹配的情况,如/hello.json也能匹配/hello

RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping 在处理http请求的时候, 如果 请求url 有后缀,如果找不到精确匹配的那个@RequestMapping方法。 那么,就把后缀去掉,然后.*去匹配,这样,一般都可以匹配,默认这个行为是被开启的。

比如有一个@RequestMapping("/rest"), 那么精确匹配的情况下, 只会匹配/rest请求。 但如果我前端发来一个 /rest.abcdef 这样的请求, 又没有配置 @RequestMapping("/rest.abcdef") 这样映射的情况下, 那么@RequestMapping("/rest") 就会生效。

这样会带来什么问题呢?绝大多数情况下是没有问题的,但是如果你是一个对权限要求非常严格的系统,强烈关闭此项功能,否则你会有意想不到的"收获"。

究其原因咱们可以接着上面的分析,其实就到了PatternsRequestCondition这个类上,具体实现是它的匹配逻辑来决定的。

public final class PatternsRequestCondition extends AbstractRequestCondition<PatternsRequestCondition> {
	...
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public PatternsRequestCondition getMatchingCondition(HttpServletRequest request) {
		// patterns表示此MappingInfo可以匹配的值们。一般对应@RequestMapping注解上的patters数组的值
		if (this.patterns.isEmpty()) {
			return this;
		}
		// 拿到待匹配的值,比如此处为"/hello.json"
		String lookupPath = this.pathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
		// 最主要就是这个方法了,它拿着这个lookupPath匹配~~~~
		List<String> matches = getMatchingPatterns(lookupPath);
		// 此处如果为empty,就返回null了~~~~
		return (!matches.isEmpty() ? new PatternsRequestCondition(matches, this.pathHelper, this.pathMatcher, this.useSuffixPatternMatch, this.useTrailingSlashMatch, this.fileExtensions) : null);
	}
	public List<String> getMatchingPatterns(String lookupPath) {
		List<String> matches = new ArrayList<>();
		for (String pattern : this.patterns) {
			// 最最最重点就是在getMatchingPattern()这个方法里~~~ 拿着lookupPath和pattern看它俩合拍不~
			String match = getMatchingPattern(pattern, lookupPath);
			if (match != null) {
				matches.add(match);
			}
		}
		// 解释一下为何匹配的可能是多个。因为url匹配上了,但是还有可能@RequestMapping的其余属性匹配不上啊,所以此处需要注意  是可能匹配上多个的  最终是唯一匹配就成~
		if (matches.size() > 1) {
			matches.sort(this.pathMatcher.getPatternComparator(lookupPath));
		}
		return matches;
	}
	// // ===============url的真正匹配规则  非常重要~~~===============
	// 注意这个方法的取名,上面是负数,这里是单数~~~~命名规范也是有艺术感的
	@Nullable
	private String getMatchingPattern(String pattern, String lookupPath) {
		// 完全相等,那就不继续聊了~~~
		if (pattern.equals(lookupPath)) {
			return pattern;
		}
		// 注意了:useSuffixPatternMatch 这个属性就是我们最终要关闭后缀匹配的关键
		// 这个值默外部给传的true(其实内部默认值是boolean类型为false)
		if (this.useSuffixPatternMatch) {
			// 这个意思是若useSuffixPatternMatch=true我们支持后缀匹配。我们还可以配置fileExtensions让只支持我们自定义的指定的后缀匹配,而不是下面最终的.*全部支持
			if (!this.fileExtensions.isEmpty() && lookupPath.indexOf('.') != -1) {
				for (String extension : this.fileExtensions) {
					if (this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + extension, lookupPath)) {
						return pattern + extension;
					}
				}
			}
			// 若你没有配置指定后缀匹配,并且你的handler也没有.*这样匹配的,那就默认你的pattern就给你添加上后缀".*",表示匹配所有请求的url的后缀~~~
			else {
				boolean hasSuffix = pattern.indexOf('.') != -1;
				if (!hasSuffix && this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + ".*", lookupPath)) {
					return pattern + ".*";
				}
			}
		}
		// 若匹配上了 直接返回此patter
		if (this.pathMatcher.match(pattern, lookupPath)) {
			return pattern;
		}
		// 这又是它支持的匹配规则。默认useTrailingSlashMatch它也是true
		// 这就是为何我们的/hello/也能匹配上/hello的原因  
		// 从这可以看出,Spring MVC的宽容度是很高的,容错处理做得是非常不错的~~~~~~~
		if (this.useTrailingSlashMatch) {
			if (!pattern.endsWith("/") && this.pathMatcher.match(pattern + "/", lookupPath)) {
				return pattern + "/";
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
}

分析了URL的匹配原因,现在肯定知道为何默认情况下"/hello.aaaa"或者"/hello.aaaa/“或者”"/hello/""能匹配上我们/hello的原因了吧~~~

Spring和SpringBoot中如何关闭此项功能呢?

为何要关闭的理由,上面其实已经说了。当我们涉及到严格的权限校验(强权限控制)的时候。特备是一些银行系统、资产系统等等,关闭后缀匹配事非常有必要的。

public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware {
	private boolean useSuffixPatternMatch = true;
	private boolean useTrailingSlashMatch = true;
}

可以看到这两个属性值都直接冒泡到RequestMappingHandlerMapping这个实现类上来了,所以我们直接通过配置来改变它的默认行为就成。

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    // 关闭后缀名匹配,关闭最后一个/匹配
    @Override
    public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.setUseSuffixPatternMatch(false);
        configurer.setUseTrailingSlashMatch(false);
    }
}
}

**就这么一下,我们的URL就安全了,再也不能后缀名任意匹配了。**在想用后缀匹配,就甩你四个大字:404

到此这篇关于SpringMVC处理器映射器HandlerMapping详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SpringMVC的HandlerMapping内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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