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C++与QML交互的项目实践

作者:hsy12342611

本文主要介绍了C++与QML交互的项目实践,将详细介绍C++与QML的交互方式,包括在QML中调用C++函数和在C++中访问QML元素,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的可以了解一下

一直对于QT的理解和使用都停留在主窗口程序和控制台程序,虽然QT的新东西QML听过也接触过,但是基本上没梳理过调用流程。趁着旧项目要使用QML技术,现在就将C++和QML交互进行总结。

在C++和QML中均可以定义信号和槽,并且均可以完成信号和槽的绑定

一. QML中使用C++业务类

基本流程如下:

1.将C++注册进入QML引擎,C++类型在qml中当成一个子组件使用

2.在qml中完成信号与槽的绑定

测试代码:

1.QML定义

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import WorkClass 1.0
Window {
    id: root
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    title: qsTr("Hello World")
    signal qmlSignal1
    signal qmlSignal2(string strValue, int iValue)
    MainForm {
        anchors.fill: parent
        mouseArea.onClicked: {
            Qt.quit();
        }
    }
    MouseArea{
        anchors.fill: parent
        acceptedButtons: Qt.LeftButton | Qt.RightButton
        onClicked: {
            if(mouse.button === Qt.LeftButton){
                console.log(' Qt.LeftButton')
                bussiness.strValue = "HelloCpp"
                bussiness.intValue = 2022
                bussiness.sendSignal()
            }else{
                console.log(' Qt.RightButton')
                root.qmlSignal1()
                root.qmlSignal2('hesy', 2000)
            }
        }
    }
    //加载子页面qrcode.qml
    //Loader {
    //    id:accountQRCode
    //    source:"qrcode.qml"
    //    x:(root.width - root.height / 3) / 2
    //    y:root.height / 3
    //    visible: true
    //}
    CBusiness{
        id: bussiness
        property int addpro: 0
        onIntValueChanged: {
            console.log('qml onIntValueChanged', "begin change addpro ", addpro)
            addpro++
            console.log('qml onIntValueChanged', addpro)
        }
        onAddproChanged: {
            console.log('qml onAddFun', addpro)
        }
    }
    Component.onCompleted: {
        bussiness.onSignal1.connect(function(){console.log('no name qml function')})
        bussiness.onSignal2.connect(qmlProcess1)
        root.qmlSignal1.connect(bussiness.slot1)
        root.qmlSignal2.connect(bussiness.slot2)
        console.log('Component.onCompleted')
    }
    function qmlProcess1(str, value){
        console.log('qmlProcess1', str, value)
    }
}

备注:

另外在qml中也可以使用Connections绑定C++业务类函数和qml中的方法,例如 qrcode.qml,其中target:bussiness代表上面的id: bussiness,这样main.qml中包含qrcode.qml,实现了qml之间的调用,以及多个qml和C++之间的调用。

import QtQuick 2.0
Item {
    Image {
        id: qrcode
        sourceSize.width: parent.width
        sourceSize.height: parent.height
        source: ""
    }
    Text {
        id: tips
        x: parent.x
        y: parent.y
        text: qsTr("请扫码")
        font.pixelSize: 24
        visible: false
    }
    Connections {
        target:bussiness
        onAccountQRCodeGenerated: {
            console.log("onAccountQRCodeGenerated invoke !");
            qrcode.source = "image://qrcode/account"
        }
        onAccountScannedSuccess: {
            console.log("onAccountScannedSuccess invoke!");
            qrcode.visible = false
            tips.visible = true
        }
        onAccountLoginSuccess: {
            console.log("onAccountLoginSuccess invoke !");
            tips.text = qsTr("登录成功, 欢迎!")
        }
    }
}

C++中通过发射信号调用qml中方法,对应方法名为on+大写字母开头函数

emit accountQRCodeGenerated();
emit accountScannedSuccess();
emit accountLoginSuccess();

2.C++业务类定义和实现

cbusiness.h

#ifndef CBUSINESS_H
#define CBUSINESS_H
#include <QObject>
class CBusiness : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(QString strValue READ getStrValue WRITE setStrValue NOTIFY strValueChanged)
    Q_PROPERTY(int intValue READ getIntValue WRITE setIntValue NOTIFY intValueChanged)
public:
    explicit CBusiness(QObject *parent = 0);
    Q_INVOKABLE void sendSignal();
    void setStrValue(QString strValue);
    QString getStrValue() const;
    void setIntValue(int intValue);
    int getIntValue() const;
signals:
    void signal1();
    void signal2(QString strValue, int intValue);
    void strValueChanged(QString strValue);
    void intValueChanged(int intValue);
public slots:
    void slot1();
    void slot2(QString strValue, int intValue);
private:
    //类的属性
    QString m_strValue;
    int m_intValue;
};
#endif // CBUSINESS_H

cbusiness.cpp

#include "cbusiness.h"
#include <QDebug>
CBusiness::CBusiness(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent), m_strValue(""), m_intValue(0)
{
}
void CBusiness::sendSignal()
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
    emit signal1();
    emit signal2(m_strValue, m_intValue);
}
void CBusiness::setStrValue(QString strValue)
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__ << strValue;
    m_strValue = strValue;
    emit strValueChanged(strValue);
    qDebug()<< "CBusiness::" << "emit strValueChanged" << endl;
}
QString CBusiness::getStrValue() const
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
    return m_strValue;
}
void CBusiness::setIntValue(int intValue)
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
    m_intValue = intValue;
    emit intValueChanged(intValue);
    qDebug()<< "CBusiness::" << "emit intValueChanged";
}
int CBusiness::getIntValue() const
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
    return m_intValue;
}
void CBusiness::slot1()
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
}
void CBusiness::slot2(QString strValue, int intValue)
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__;
    qDebug() << "CBusiness:: " << strValue << "  " << intValue;
}

3.主调函数

main.cpp

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include "cbusiness.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
    //qmlRegisterType注册C++类型至QML
    //arg1:import时模块名
    //arg2:主版本号
    //arg3:次版本号
    //arg4:QML类型名
    qmlRegisterType<CBusiness>("WorkClass", 1, 0, "CBusiness");
    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));
    if (engine.rootObjects().isEmpty())
        return -1;
    return app.exec();
}

4.测试结果

鼠标左键点击:

 说明:

信号和槽的绑定在qml中完成,鼠标左键按下,首先打印:qml: Qt.LeftButton

bussiness.strValue = "HelloCpp" 触发 CBusiness::setStrValue(

因为如下:

Q_PROPERTY(QString strValue READ getStrValue WRITE setStrValue NOTIFY strValueChanged)

此处= "HelloCpp" 其实是调用的setStrValue

)调用

bussiness.intValue = 2022触发CBusiness::setIntValue(

因为如下:

Q_PROPERTY(int intValue READ getIntValue WRITE setIntValue NOTIFY intValueChanged)

此处= 2022其实是调用的setIntValue

)调用, 然后调用emit strValueChanged(strValue);,触发qml中 onIntValueChanged调用,接着addpro++触发onAddproChanged调用

最后调用CBusiness::sendSignal(),触发emit signal1(); emit signal2(m_strValue, m_intValue);信号,调用qml的槽 

function(){console.log('no name qml function')

function qmlProcess1(str, value)

鼠标右键点击:

 说明:

鼠标右键,通过qml信号调用到c++的槽函数,并且还传递参数给c++

二.C++使用QML

基本流程如下:

1.在C++中获得qml对象指针

2.在C++中完成信号和槽的绑定

测试代码:

1.QML定义

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.7
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
Item {
    id: root
    visible: true
    width: 640
    height: 480
    //title: qsTr("Hello World")
    property string msg: "I am QML Item"
    signal callCpp(string arg1, string arg2)
    MainForm {
        anchors.fill: parent
        mouseArea.onClicked: {
            Qt.quit();
        }
    }
    Rectangle {
        anchors.fill: parent
        color: "blue"
        objectName: "rect"
    }
    MouseArea {
        anchors.fill: parent
        onClicked: {
            console.log("onClicked, callCpp")
            root.callCpp(root.msg, "notify cpp")
        }
    }
    onHeightChanged: {
        console.log("onHeightChanged execute")
    }
    onWidthChanged: {
        console.log("onWidthChanged execute")
    }
    //QML中的方法可以被cpp调用,也可以作为槽函数
    function qmlFun(val_arg) {
        console.log("qmlFun execute", val_arg, "return qmlFun_return_result")
        return "qmlFun_return_result"
    }
    //注意槽函数参数为var类型
    function invokeFromCpp(arg1, arg2) {
        console.log("invokeFromCpp execute ", arg1, arg2)
    }
}

2.C++业务类定义和实现

cbusiness.h

#ifndef CBUSINESS_H
#define CBUSINESS_H
#include <QObject>
class CBusiness : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit CBusiness(QObject *parent = 0);
signals:
    void callQml(const QVariant &arg1,const QVariant &arg2);
public slots:
    void invokeFromQml(const QString &arg1,const QString &arg2);
};
#endif // CBUSINESS_H

cbusiness.cpp

#include "cbusiness.h"
#include <QDebug>
CBusiness::CBusiness(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
}
void CBusiness::invokeFromQml(const QString &arg1,const QString &arg2)
{
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__ << arg1 << arg2;
    qDebug() << "CBusiness::" << __FUNCTION__ << " emit callQml";
    emit callQml("I am cpp", "notify qml");
}

3.主调函数

main.cpp

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlProperty>
#include <QQuickView>
#include <QQuickItem>
#include <QMetaObject>
#include <QDebug>
#include "cbusiness.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
    /*
    可以用QQmlComponent\QQuickView\QQuickWidget的C++代码加载QML文档
    当使用QQuickView时,qml的根不能是Window
    */
    QQuickView view(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
    view.show();
    // 获取到qml根对象的指针
    QObject *qmlObj = view.rootObject();
        /*
        修改qml属性值的方法
        QObject::setProperty()  QQmlProperty  QMetaProperty::write()
        */
    // 通过QObject设置属性值
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "set qml property height";
    QQmlProperty(qmlObj, "height").write(500);  //qmlObj->setProperty("height",500);
    // 通过QObject获取属性值
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "get qml property height" << qmlObj->property("height").toDouble();
    // C++访问qml的其它属性
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "get qml property msg" << qmlObj->property("msg").toString();
    // 获取QQuickItem
    QQuickItem *item = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(qmlObj);
    // 通过QQuickItem设置属性值
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "set qml property width";
    item->setWidth(300);
    // 通过QQuickItem获取属性值
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "get qml property width" << item->width();
    // 通过object name访问加载的QML对象
    // QObject::findChildren()可用于查找具有匹配object name属性的子项
    QObject *qmlRect = qmlObj->findChild<QObject*>("rect");
    if(qmlRect)
    {
        qDebug() << "cpp: " << "get rect color" << qmlRect->property("color");
    }
    // C++调用QML方法
    QVariant valReturn;
    QVariant valArg = "I am cpp";
    //Q_RETURN_ARG()和Q_Arg()参数必须制定为QVariant类型
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod(qmlObj, "qmlFun",
                              Q_RETURN_ARG(QVariant,valReturn),
                              Q_ARG(QVariant,valArg));
    qDebug() << "cpp: " << "QMetaObject::invokeMethod result" << valReturn.toString(); //qml函数中返回“ok”
    CBusiness cppObj;
    // cpp和qml信号与槽关联
    // qml信号绑订cpp的槽,用QString类型
    QObject::connect(qmlObj, SIGNAL(callCpp(QString, QString)), &cppObj, SLOT(invokeFromQml(QString, QString)));
    //关联cpp信号与qml槽
    // cpp的信号绑定qml槽,用QVariant类型
    QObject::connect(&cppObj, SIGNAL(callQml(QVariant, QVariant)), qmlObj, SLOT(invokeFromCpp(QVariant, QVariant)));
    return app.exec();
}

4.测试结果

信号和槽的绑定在c++代码中完成,在c++中可以修改qml的属性,获取qml的属性,调用qml的方法,传递和获取参数均可以

 鼠标点击

 鼠标点击后,通过qml的信号callCpp调用c++的槽函数invokeFromQml,然后再通过c++的信号函数callQml调用qml的槽函数invokeFromCpp

三.QVariant中方法canConvert和convert使用总结

1.canConvert只是报告QVariant进行两个类型之间转换的能力,例如QString和Int类型之间的转换,关注类型
2.convert判断的是QVariant进行两个类型的数据之间转换的能力,例如“123”和123之间的转换,关注数据

举例:

QString str1 = "Qt5.7.0";
QVariant var1 = str1;
qDebug() << var1.canConvert(QVariant::Int); // true
qDebug() << var1.convert(QVariant::Int); // false
qDebug() << var1.toString(); // "0"
var1 = str1;
qDebug() << var1.convert(QVariant::String); // true
qDebug() << var1.toString(); // "Qt5.7.0"
QString str2 = "789";
QVariant var2 = str2;
qDebug() << var2.canConvert(QVariant::Int); // true
qDebug() << var2.convert(QVariant::Int); // true
qDebug() << var2.toString(); // "789"

 到此这篇关于C++与QML交互的项目实践的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C++ QML交互内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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