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SpringBoot实现数据加密脱敏的示例代码

2023-08-03 10:20:56 作者：孤居自傲

这篇文章主要为大家学习介绍了SpringBoot如何利用注解+反射+AOP实现数据加密脱敏的功能，文中的示例代码讲解详细，需要的可以参考一下

SpringBoot 实现数据加密脱敏（注解 + 反射 + AOP）

场景：响应政府要求，商业软件应保证用户基本信息不被泄露，不能直接展示用户手机号，身份证，地址等敏感信息。

根据上面场景描述，我们可以分析出两个点。

不被泄露说明用户信息应被加密储存；
不能直接展示说明用户信息应脱敏展示；

解决方案

傻瓜式编程：将项目中关于用户信息实体类的字段，比如姓名，手机号，身份证，地址等，在新增进数据库之前，对数据进行加密处理；在列表中展示用户信息时，对数据库中的数据进行解密脱敏，然后返回给前端；

切入式编程：将项目中关于用户信息实体类的字段用注解给标记，新增用户信息实体类（这里我们用UserBO来表示，给UserBO里面的name，phone字段添加@EncryptField），返回用户信息实体类（这里我们用UserDO来表示，给UserDO里面的name，phone字段添加@DecryptField）；然后利用@EncryptField，@DecryptField做为切入点，以切面的形式实现加密，解密脱敏；

傻瓜式编程不是说傻，而是相当于切入式编程，傻瓜式编程需要对用户信息相关的所有接口进行加密，解密脱敏的逻辑处理，这里改动的地方就比较多，风险高，重复操作相同的逻辑，工作量大，后期不好维护；切入式编程只需要对用户信息字段添加注解，对有注解的字段统一进行加密，解密脱敏逻辑处理，操作方便，高聚合，易维护；

方案实现

傻瓜式编程没什么难度，这里我给大家有切入式编程来实现；在实现之前，跟大家预热一下注解，反射，AOP的知识；

注解实战

创建注解

创建一个只能标记在方法上的注解：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)         //METHOD 说明该注解只能用在方法上
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //RUNTIME 说明该注解在运行时生效
public @interface Encryption {
}

创建一个只能标记在字段上的注解：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)           //FIELD 说明该注解只能用在字段上
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)  //RUNTIME 说明该注解在运行时生效
public @interface EncryptField {
}

创建一个标记在字段上，且有值的注解：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DecryptField {
	// 注解是可以有值的,这里可以为数组,String,枚举等类型
	// DesensitizationEnum desensitizationEnum = field.getAnnotation(DecryptField.class).value(); 这里的field是指当前标记的字段
    DesensitizationEnum value(); 
}

注解使用

创建枚举

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums;
public enum DesensitizationEnum {
    name,     // 用户信息姓名脱敏
    address,  // 用户信息地址脱敏
    phone;    // 用户信息手机号脱敏
}

创建UserDO类

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.DecryptField;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.utils.AesUtil;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
// 用户信息返回实体类
public class UserDO {
    @DecryptField(DesensitizationEnum.name)
    private String name;
    @DecryptField(DesensitizationEnum.address)
    private String address;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public UserDO(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException {
        // 生成并初始化对象
        UserDO userDO = new UserDO("梦想是什么","湖北省武汉市");
        // 反射获取当前对象的所有字段
        Field[] fields = userDO.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        // 遍历字段
        for (Field field : fields) {
            // 判断字段上是否存在@DecryptField注解
            boolean hasSecureField = field.isAnnotationPresent(DecryptField.class);
            // 存在
            if (hasSecureField) {
                // 暴力破解 不然操作不了权限为private的字段
                field.setAccessible(true);
                // 如果当前字段在userDo中不为空 即name,address字段有值
                if (field.get(userDO) != null) {
                    // 获取字段上注解的value值
                    DesensitizationEnum desensitizationEnum = field.getAnnotation(DecryptField.class).value();
                    // 控制台输出
                    System.out.println(desensitizationEnum);
                    // 根据不同的value值 我们可以对字段进行不同逻辑的脱敏 比如姓名脱敏-魏*,手机号脱敏-187****2275 
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

反射实战

创建UserBO类

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.EncryptField;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
// 用户信息新增实体类
public class UserBO {
    @EncryptField
    private String name;
    @EncryptField
    private String address;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public UserBO(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserBO{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException {
        UserBO userBO = new UserBO("周传雄","湖北省武汉市");
        Field[] fields = userBO.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            boolean annotationPresent = field.isAnnotationPresent(EncryptField.class);
            if(annotationPresent){
                // 当前字段内容不为空
                if(field.get(userBO) != null){
                    // 这里对字段内容进行加密
                    Object obj = encrypt(field.get(userBO));
                    // 字段内容加密过后 通过反射重新赋给该字段
                    field.set(userBO, obj);
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println(userBO);
    }
    public static Object encrypt(Object obj){
        return "加密: " + obj;
    }
}

AOP实战

切入点：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.controller;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Encryption;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity.UserBO;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/encrypt")
@Slf4j
public class EncryptController {
    @PostMapping("/v1")
    @Encryption  // 切入点
    public UserBO insert(@RequestBody UserBO user) {
        log.info("加密后对象：{}", user);
        return user;
    }
}

切面：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.aop;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class EncryptAspect {
    //拦截需加密注解 切入点
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Encryption)")
    public void point() {
    }
    @Around("point()") //环绕通知
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        //加密逻辑处理
        encrypt(joinPoint);
        return joinPoint.proceed();
    }
}

为什么这里要使用AOP：无论是注解，反射，都需要一个启动方法，我上面演示的是通过main函数来启动。使用AOP，项目启动后，只要调用切入点对应的方法，就会根据切入点来形成一个切面，进行统一的逻辑增强；如果大家熟悉SpringMVC，SpringMVC提供了 ResponseBodyAdvice 和 RequestBodyAdvice两个接口，这两个接口可以对请求和响应进行预处理，就可以不需要使用AOP；

加密解密脱敏实战

项目目录：

pom.xml文件：

<dependencies>
        <!--Springboot项目自带 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--Springboot Web项目 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hutool  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.20</version>
        </dependency>
		<!-- 切面 aop  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.7</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

实体类

用户信息新增实体类：UserBO

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.EncryptField;
// 实体类
public class UserBO {
    @EncryptField
    private String name;
    @EncryptField
    private String address;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public UserBO(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserBO{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

用户信息返回实体类：UserDO

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.DecryptField;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
// 实体类
public class UserDO {
    @DecryptField(DesensitizationEnum.name)
    private String name;
    @DecryptField(DesensitizationEnum.address)
    private String address;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public UserDO(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
}

脱敏枚举

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums;
public enum DesensitizationEnum {
    name,
    address,
    phone;
}

注解

解密字段注解（字段）：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DecryptField {
    DesensitizationEnum value();
}

解密方法注解（方法作切入点）：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Decryption {
}

加密字段注解（字段）：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface EncryptField {
}

加密方法注解（方法作切入点）：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Encryption {
}

控制层

解密 Controller：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.controller;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Decryption;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity.UserDO;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/decrypt")
public class DecryptController {
    @GetMapping("/v1")
    @Decryption
    public UserDO decrypt() {
        return new UserDO("7c29e296e92893476db5f9477480ba7f", "b5c7ff86ac36c01dda45d9ffb0bf73194b083937349c3901f571d42acdaa7bae");
    }
}

加密 Controller：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.controller;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Encryption;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity.UserBO;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/encrypt")
@Slf4j
public class EncryptController {
    @PostMapping("/v1")
    @Encryption
    public UserBO insert(@RequestBody UserBO user) {
        log.info("加密后对象：{}", user);
        return user;
    }
}

切面

解密脱敏切面：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.aop;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.DecryptField;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.utils.AesUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class DecryptAspect {
    //拦截需解密注解
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Decryption)")
    public void point() {
    }
    @Around("point()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        //解密
        return decrypt(joinPoint);
    }
    public Object decrypt(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Object result = null;
        try {
            Object obj = joinPoint.proceed();
            if (obj != null) {
                //抛砖引玉 ，可自行扩展其他类型字段的判断
                if (obj instanceof String) {
                    decryptValue();
                } else {
                    result = decryptData(obj);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }
    private Object decryptData(Object obj) throws IllegalAccessException {
        if (Objects.isNull(obj)) {
            return null;
        }
        if (obj instanceof ArrayList) {
            decryptList(obj);
        } else {
            decryptObj(obj);
        }
        return obj;
    }
    private void decryptObj(Object obj) throws IllegalAccessException {
        Field[] fields = obj.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            boolean hasSecureField = field.isAnnotationPresent(DecryptField.class);
            if (hasSecureField) {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                if (field.get(obj) != null) {
                    String realValue = (String) field.get(obj);
                    DesensitizationEnum desensitizationEnum = field.getAnnotation(DecryptField.class).value();
                    String value = (String) AesUtil.decrypt(realValue,desensitizationEnum);
                    field.set(obj, value);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private void decryptList(Object obj) throws IllegalAccessException {
        List<Object> result = new ArrayList<>();
        if (obj instanceof ArrayList) {
            result.addAll((Collection<?>) obj);
        }
        for (Object object : result) {
            decryptObj(object);
        }
    }
    private void decryptValue() {
        log.info("根据对象进行解密脱敏，单个字段不做处理！");
    }
}

加密切面：

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.aop;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.EncryptField;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.entity.UserBO;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.utils.AesUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class EncryptAspect {
    //拦截需加密注解
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.weige.javaskillpoint.annotation.Encryption)")
    public void point() {
    }
    @Around("point()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        //加密
        encrypt(joinPoint);
        return joinPoint.proceed();
    }
    public void encrypt(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Object[] objects;
        try {
            objects = joinPoint.getArgs();
            if (objects.length != 0) {
                for (Object object : objects) {
                    if (object instanceof UserBO) {
                        Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
                        for (Field field : fields) {
                            if (field.isAnnotationPresent(EncryptField.class)) {
                                field.setAccessible(true);
                                if (field.get(object) != null) {
                                    // 进行加密
                                    Object o = field.get(object);
                                    Object encrypt = AesUtil.encrypt(field.get(object));
                                    field.set(object, encrypt);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

工具类

加密工具类：AesUtil

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.utils;
import cn.hutool.core.util.CharsetUtil;
import cn.hutool.crypto.SecureUtil;
import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
public class AesUtil {
    // 默认16位 或 128 256位
    public static String AES_KEY = "Wk#qerdfdshbd910";
    public static AES aes = SecureUtil.aes(AES_KEY.getBytes());
    public static Object encrypt(Object obj) {
        return aes.encryptHex((String) obj);
    }
    public static Object decrypt(Object obj, DesensitizationEnum desensitizationEnum) {
        // 解密
        Object decrypt = decrypt(obj);
        // 脱敏
        return DesensitizationUtil.desensitization(decrypt, desensitizationEnum);
    }
    public static Object decrypt(Object obj) {
        return aes.decryptStr((String) obj, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8);
    }
}

脱敏工具类：DesensitizationUtil

package com.weige.javaskillpoint.utils;
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import com.weige.javaskillpoint.enums.DesensitizationEnum;
public class DesensitizationUtil {
    public static Object desensitization(Object obj, DesensitizationEnum desensitizationEnum) {
        Object result;
        switch (desensitizationEnum) {
            case name:
                result = strUtilHide(obj, 1);
                break;
            case address:
                result = strUtilHide(obj, 3);
                break;
            default:
                result = "";
        }
        return result;
    }
    /**
     * start从0开始
     */
    public static Object strUtilHide(String obj, int start, int end) {
        return StrUtil.hide(obj, start, end);
    }
    public static Object strUtilHide(Object obj, int start) {
        return strUtilHide(((String) obj), start, ((String) obj).length());
    }
}

以上代码不难，大伙复制到本地跑一遍，基本就能理解；愿每一位程序员少走弯路！

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