JAVA自定义注解实现接口/ip限流的示例代码
作者:二月二_
本文主要介绍了JAVA自定义注解实现接口/ip限流的示例代码,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
基本步骤:
1.自定义注解 @RateLimiter,添加属性:key(redis中key前缀)、time(redis中key过期时间,单位秒)、count(time中定义时间段内可以访问的次数),limitType(限流类型:1.限制接口;2.限制ip)
2.创建AOP,定义前置通知,获取@RateLimiter注解上的各项值,客户端每访问一次接口,redis中存储的current(当前时间段内已访问的次数)值+1,若current值大于count规定的值,抛出异常,提示到达允许访问的次数;
具体代码如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- redis json序列化 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.8.9</version>
</dependency>1.创建枚举类,定义限流类型
public enum LimitType {
/**
* 默认限流策略,针对某一个接口进行限流
*/
DEFAULT,
/**
* 根据IP地址进行限流
*/
IP;
}2.自定义注解@RateLimiter
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface RateLimiter {
/**
* 定义redis中限流key前缀 rate_limit:com.xxx.controller.HelloController-hello //HelloController中的hello方法
*/
String key() default "rate_limit:";
/**
* 限流时间,单位秒
* @return
*/
int time() default 60;
/**
* 限流时间内限流次数
* @return
*/
int count() default 100;
/**
* 限流类型:1.限制接口访问次数 2.限制ip访问次数
* @return
*/
LimitType limitType() default LimitType.DEFAULT;
}3.创建lua脚本,保证redis中操作原子性(在resources/lua目录下创建rateLimit.lua文件)
---定义变量:redis中key值,redis中过期时间,规定的时间段内访问次数,当前访问次数
local key = KEYS[1]
local time = tonumber(ARGV[1])
local count = tonumber(ARGV[2])
local current = redis.call('get',key)
if current and tonumber(current) > count then ---如果current不为空当前访问次数大于规定时间段内的访问次数
return tonumber(current) ---返回当前访问的次数
end
current = redis.call('incr',key) --- 若没超过限制次数,当前次数+1(自增)
if tonumber(current)==1 then
redis.call('expire',key,time) --- 如果当前访问次数=1,表示第一次访问,设置当前key的过期时间
end
return tonumber(current) --返回tonumber(current)4.创建配置类,解决redis序列化与读取lua脚本
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
//Redis序列化
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
//首先解决key的序列化方式
StringRedisSerializer stringRedisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(stringRedisSerializer);
//解决value的序列化方式
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
//序列化时将类的数据类型存入json,以便反序列化的时候转换成正确的类型
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
//objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
// 解决jackson2无法反序列化LocalDateTime的问题
objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
return redisTemplate;
}
/**
* 定义lua脚本
*/
@Bean
public DefaultRedisScript<Long> limitScript(){
DefaultRedisScript<Long> script = new DefaultRedisScript<>();
script.setResultType(Long.class);//设置lua脚本返回值类型 需要同lua脚本中返回值一致
script.setScriptSource(new ResourceScriptSource(new ClassPathResource("lua\\rateLimit.lua")));//读取lua文件
return script;
}
}5.自定义限流异常与全局异常
//自定义限流异常
public class RateLimitException extends RuntimeException{
private Integer code;
private String msg;
public RateLimitException(Integer code, String msg) {
this.code = code;
this.msg = msg;
}
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
//全局异常
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {
@ExceptionHandler(RateLimitException.class)
public Map rateLimit(RateLimitException e){
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code",e.getCode());
map.put("msg",e.getMsg());
return map;
}
}6.创建切面,进行限流操作
@Aspect
@Component
public class RateLimitAspect {
private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(RateLimitAspect.class);
@Autowired
RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;
@Autowired
RedisScript<Long> redisScript; //实现类为DefaultRedisScript<Long> limitScript()
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.xxx.annotation.RateLimiter)")
public void pointCut(){}
@Before("pointCut()")
public void beforeRateLimit(JoinPoint jp){
//获取RateLimiter注解上的值
MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature) jp.getSignature();
RateLimiter rateLimiter = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(methodSignature.getMethod(), RateLimiter.class);
int time = rateLimiter.time();
int count = rateLimiter.count();
//构建redis中的key值
String rateKey=getRateLimitKey(rateLimiter,methodSignature);
System.out.println("redis中key值:"+rateKey);
try {
Long current = redisTemplate.execute(redisScript, Collections.singletonList(rateKey), time, count);
if(current==null||current.intValue()>count){
logger.info("当前接口达到最大限流次数");
throw new RateLimitException(500,"当前接口达到最大限流次数");
}
logger.info("一段时间内允许的请求次数:{},当前请求次数:{},缓存的key为:{}",count,current,rateKey);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
}
}
/**
* redis中key两种类型格式为:
* 1. rate_limit:com.xxx.controller.HelloController-hello
* 2. rate_limit:127.0.0.1-com.xxx.controller.HelloController-hello
* @param rateLimiter
* @param methodSignature
* @return
*/
private String getRateLimitKey(RateLimiter rateLimiter, MethodSignature methodSignature) {
StringBuffer key = new StringBuffer(rateLimiter.key());
if(rateLimiter.limitType()== LimitType.IP){//如果参数类型为IP
//获取客户端ip
String clientIP = ServletUtil.getClientIP(((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest());
key.append(clientIP+"-");
}
Method method = methodSignature.getMethod();
//获取全类名
String className = method.getDeclaringClass().getName();
//获取方法名
String methodName = method.getName();
key.append(className)
.append("-")
.append(methodName);
System.out.println("全类名+方法名 "+className+"-"+methodName);
return key.toString();
}
}7.创建接口,进行验证
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
@RateLimiter(time = 10,count = 3,limitType = LimitType.DEFAULT) //10秒内允许访问三次
public String hello(){
return "hello";
}
}
gitee开源地址:
RateLimiter: JAVA自定义注解实现接口/ip限流
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