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java中xml和对象之间的互相转换方法

作者:怼怼_bml

在java开发中我们经常会遇到Xml与对象互相转换的情况,这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于java中xml和对象之间的互相转换方法,文中给出了两种解决方法,需要的朋友可以参考下

例子是把xml映射成bean成对象

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c c1="0">
    <d d1="101280101" d2="重庆" d3="nanping" d4="南坪"/>
    <d d1="101280102" d2="重庆" d3="yubei" d4="渝北"/>
    <d d1="101280103" d2="重庆" d3="dadukou" d4="大渡口"/>
</c>

第一种方法是使用 JAXB(Java Architecture for XML Binding) 实现XML与Bean的相互转换

简介

JAXB是一个业界的标准,是一项可以根据XML Schema产生Java类的技术。该过程中,JAXB也提供了将XML实例文档反向生成Java对象树的方法,并能将Java对象树的内容重新写到 XML实例文档。

Jaxb 2.0是JDK 1.6的组成部分。我们不需要下载第三方jar包 即可做到轻松转换。Jaxb2使用了JDK的新特性,如:AnnotationGenericType等,需要在即将转换的JavaBean中添加annotation注解。

重要的使用有:

city的bean

import lombok.Data;
 
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
 
 
@Data
//根元素
@XmlRootElement(name = "d")
//访问类型,通过字段
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class City {
 
    @XmlAttribute(name = "d1")
    private String cityId;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "d2")
    private String cityName;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "d3")
    private String cityCode;
    @XmlAttribute(name = "d4")
    private String area;
 
}

CityList的bean

import lombok.Data;
 
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import java.util.List;
 
@Data
@XmlRootElement(name = "c")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class CityList {
    @XmlElement(name = "d")
    private List<City> cityList;
}

需要指定bean中的属性和xml的属性一一对应

需要有个工具类XmlBuilder,主要是将XML转为指定的对象里面只需要一个方法

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
 
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;
 
public class XmlBuilder {
 
    /**
     * JAXB将XML转为指定的POJO
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param xml
     * @return
     */
    public static Object JAXB_XmlToBean(Class<?> clazz, String xml) {
        try {
            Object xmlObject;
            Reader reader;
            JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(clazz);
            // XML 转为对象的接口
            Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();
            reader = new StringReader(xml);
            //以文件流的方式传入这个string
            xmlObject = unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);
            reader.close();
            return xmlObject;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * XStream将XML转为指定的POJO
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param xml
     * @return
     */
    public static Object XStream_ToBean(Class<?> clazz, String xml) {
        Object xmlObject;
        XStream xstream = new XStream();
        xstream.processAnnotations(clazz);
        xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);
        xmlObject = xstream.fromXML(xml);
        return xmlObject;
    }
}

controller

import com.zoo.weixin.test.api.xstream.CityList;
import com.zoo.weixin.test.api.xstream.XmlBuilder;
import lombok.Cleanup;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
@RestController
public class XStreamController {
 
    @RequestMapping("JAXB")
    public CityList XStream(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        StringBuilder xml = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            @Cleanup ServletInputStream in = request.getInputStream();
            // 将流转换为字符串
            byte[] b = new byte[4096];
            for (int n; (n = in.read(b)) != -1; ) {
                xml.append(new String(b, 0, n, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            }
            // XML转为Java对象
            CityList cityList = (CityList) XmlBuilder.JAXB_XmlToBean(CityList.class, xml.toString());
            return cityList;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

第二种方法是使用XStream

利用XStream在Java对象和XML之间相互转换

简介

Xstream是一种OXMapping 技术,是用来处理XML文件序列化的框架,在将JavaBean序列化,或将XML文件反序列化的时候,不需要其它辅助类和映射文件,使得XML序列化不再繁索。Xstream也可以将JavaBean序列化成Json或反序列化,使用非常方便。

主要使用

然后将其注册到XStream。

首先导入jar包

        <!--xstream-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
            <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.11.1</version>
        </dependency>

最外层bean

package com.guoyao.emergency.vo;
 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import lombok.Data;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
 
@Data
@XStreamAlias("InterFaceFile")
public class xmlVo implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @XStreamAlias("employee")
    Employee employee;
    @XStreamAlias("user")
    User user;
}

两个内层bean

package com.guoyao.emergency.vo;
 
import com.guoyao.emergency.common.MessageType;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
 
@Data
@XStreamAlias("employee")
public class Employee implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @XStreamAlias("employeeId")
    private int employeeId;
    @XStreamAlias("employeeName")
    private String employeeName;
    @XStreamAlias("department")
    private String department;
 
    public Employee() {
    }
 
    public String getDepartment() {
        return department;
    }
 
    public void setDepartment(String department) {
        this.department = department;
    }
 
    public int getEmployeeId() {
        return employeeId;
    }
 
    public void setEmployeeId(int employeeId) {
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
    }
 
    public String getEmployeeName() {
        return employeeName;
    }
 
    public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
        this.employeeName = employeeName;
    }
 
 
    public Employee(int employeeId, String employeeName, String department) {
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
        this.employeeName = employeeName;
        this.department = department;
    }
}
package com.guoyao.emergency.vo;
 
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import lombok.Data;
 
@Data
@XStreamAlias("user")
public class User {
    @XStreamAlias("username")
    private String username;
    @XStreamAlias("password")
    private String password;
    @XStreamAlias("number")
    private int number;
 
    public User(String username, String password, int number) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.number = number;
    }
 
    public User() {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
 
 
}

工具类及使用方法 

package com.guoyao.emergency.util;
import com.guoyao.emergency.common.IBasicXml;
import com.guoyao.emergency.vo.Employee;
import com.guoyao.emergency.vo.User;
import com.guoyao.emergency.vo.xmlVo;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.DomDriver;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
/**
 * @Description: 将Java对象序列化成XML格式,将XML反序列化还原为Java对象
 */
public class xmlUtil extends XStream {
    /**
     * 将Java对象序列化成XML格式
     *
     * @param vo
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String serialize(xmlVo vo) {
        // 将employee对象序列化为XML
        XStream xStream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
        // 设置employee类的别名
        xStream.alias("InterFaceFile", xmlVo.class);
        String personXml = xStream.toXML(vo);
        return personXml;
    }
    /**
     * 将XML反序列化还原为Java对象
     *
     * @param personXml
     * @return
     */
    public xmlVo deserialize(String personXml) {
        // 将employee对象序列化为XML
        XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());
        XStream.setupDefaultSecurity(this); // to be removed after 1.5
        xstream.allowTypesByWildcard(new String[]{
                "com.xttblog.package.**"
        });
        xmlVo employee = (xmlVo) xstream.fromXML(personXml);
        return employee;
    }
    /**
     * 将XML反序列化还原为Java对象
     * java对象类型可配置
     *
     * @param xmlStr
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> T xmlToBean(String xmlStr, Class<T> cls) {
        XStream xstream = new XStream();
        //不使用默认的类加载器,需要手动设置类加载器
        xstream.setClassLoader(cls.getClassLoader());
        xstream.processAnnotations(cls);
        xstream.allowTypesByRegExp(new String[]{".*"});
        Object obj = xstream.fromXML(xmlStr);
        return (T) obj;
    }
    /**
     * 生成Xml文件,可以写入指定路径
     *
     * @param xmlSource
     * @throws SAXException
     * @throws ParserConfigurationException
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws TransformerException
     */
    public static void stringToDom(String xmlSource)
            throws SAXException, ParserConfigurationException, IOException, TransformerException {
        // Parse the given input
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document doc = builder.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlSource)));
        // Write the parsed document to an xml file
        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
        DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
        System.out.println(source);
        StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new File("my-file.xml"));
        transformer.transform(source, result);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerException, SAXException {
        xmlVo vo = new xmlVo();
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setEmployeeId(1);
        employee.setEmployeeName("赵新国1111");
        employee.setDepartment("软件工程师");
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("zhangsan");
        user.setPassword("10");
        vo.setEmployee(employee);
        vo.setUser(user);
        // 序列化
        String serialize = serialize(vo);
        System.out.println(serialize);
//        stringToDom(serialize);
        // 反序列化
        xmlVo xmlVo = xmlToBean(serialize, xmlVo.class);
        System.out.println(xmlVo.toString());
        User user1 = xmlVo.getUser();
        System.out.println(user1.getUsername());
//        xmlUtil util = new xmlUtil();
//        xmlVo deserialize = util.deserialize(serialize);
//        System.out.println(deserialize.toString());
//        User user1 = deserialize.getUser();
//        System.out.println(user1.getUsername());
    }
}
 

重命名注解:@XStreamAlias()

这些命名都需要和解析的xml的属性名一一对应,一旦不对应就会报com.thoughtworks.xstream.mapper.CannotResolveClassException异常,找不到对应的类属性
集合属性的需要使用:@XStreamImplicit,不然会报com.thoughtworks.xstream.converters.reflection.AbstractReflectionConverter$DuplicateFieldException转换器映射异常

省略集合根节点:@XStreamImplicit

把字段节点设置成属性:@XStreamAsAttribute

拓展了解

XStream提供了很多方法供我们使用

自定义解析器

Xstream序列化XML,解析器用StaxDriver

指定解析器:XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());

Xstream序列化Json,解析器用JettisonMappedXmlDriver

指定解析器:XStream xstream = new XStream(new JettisonMappedXmlDriver());

也可以不具体指定解析器,也是没问题的

深入了解

XStreamxstream = new XStream();

默认情况下,XStream会 采用Xpp3库,XPP3是一种运行效率非常高的XML全解析实现。如果你不想依靠Xpp3库的话,也可以使用一个标准的JAXP DOM解析器,可以采用以下语句进行初始化:

//不使用XPP3

XStreamxstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());

此xstream实例,为线程安全的,可以供多个线程进行调用,共享使用。系统提供了多种标识解析器供我们选择,包括,DomDriver、 JDomDriverStaxDriver等等。

Xstream提供了对Json的支持,是因为Xstream内置了两个Driver:

1.JsonHierarchicalStreamDriver:不依赖其他类库,只实现 obj->JSON

2.JettisonMappedXmlDriver:依赖jettison类库,实现 JSON->obj or obj->JSON

两种Driver在处理相同设置的Object时会得到不同的JSON串,JsonHierarchicalStreamDriver得到的串更简洁,确如官网所说。
JsonHierarchicalStreamDriver有个小问题——默认输出带格式的JSON串,结构中带空举

总结

到此这篇关于java中xml和对象之间的互相转换方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关java xml和对象互相转换内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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