C#如何读写应用程序配置文件App.exe.config,并在界面上显示
作者：斯内科
这篇文章主要介绍了C#如何读写应用程序配置文件App.exe.config,并在界面上显示问题，具有很好的参考价值，希望对大家有所帮助。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教
C#读写应用程序配置文件App.exe.config，本质是xml文件的读写。
我们将配置文件的AppSettings节点和ConnectionStrings节点内容自动绑定到分组框控件GroupBox中，同时可以批量保存。
一、新建Windows窗体应用程序SaveDefaultXmlConfigDemo
将默认的Form1重命名为FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig。
窗体 FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig设计如图：
添加对System.Configuration的引用。
为窗体FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig绑定Load事件FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig_Load
为按钮btnSaveConfig绑定事件btnSaveConfig_Click。
二、默认的应用程序配置文件App.config配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1" />
</startup>
<appSettings>
<add key="SoftName" value="Sword7" />
<add key="Supplier" value="SoftStar" />
<add key="EnabledTcp" value="1" />
</appSettings>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="DataConnect" providerName="MySql.Data" connectionString="server=127.0.0.1;Database=test;Uid=root;Pwd=root;" />
<add name="ExternalConnect" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="server=127.0.0.1;Database=external;Uid=root;Pwd=123456;" />
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>三、窗体FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig源程序如下
（忽略设计器自动生成的代码）
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace SaveDefaultXmlConfigDemo
{
public partial class FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig : Form
{
public FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig()
{
InitializeComponent();
//添加引用System.Configuration
}
private void btnSaveConfig_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
List<Tuple<string, string>> tupleAppSettings = GetAppSettingList();
for (int i = 0; i < tupleAppSettings.Count; i++)
{
//修改配置节点AppSettings的内容
config.AppSettings.Settings[tupleAppSettings[i].Item1].Value = tupleAppSettings[i].Item2;
}
List<Tuple<string, string, string>> tupleConnectionStrings = GetConnectionStringList();
for (int i = 0; i < tupleConnectionStrings.Count; i++)
{
//修改配置节点ConnectionStrings的内容
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings[tupleConnectionStrings[i].Item1].ProviderName = tupleConnectionStrings[i].Item2;
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings[tupleConnectionStrings[i].Item1].ConnectionString = tupleConnectionStrings[i].Item3;
}
//保存配置文件
config.Save();
MessageBox.Show($"保存应用程序配置文件成功，开始重新加载应用程序配置.", "提示");
//刷新配置
FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig_Load(null, e);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"保存应用程序配置文件出错:{ex.Message}", "出错");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取配置节点AppSettings的所有内容，将其添加到元组列表中
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private List<Tuple<string, string>> GetAppSettingList()
{
List<Tuple<string, string>> tupleAppSettings = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
for (int i = 0; i < groupBox1.Controls.Count; i++)
{
if (groupBox1.Controls[i] is Label lbl)
{
Control[] controls = groupBox1.Controls.Find($"txtValue{lbl.Tag}", true);
if (controls == null || controls.Length == 0)
{
throw new Exception($"没有找到【{lbl.Text}】对应的文本框控件【txtValue{lbl.Tag}】");
}
tupleAppSettings.Add(Tuple.Create(lbl.Text, controls[0].Text));
}
}
return tupleAppSettings;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取配置节点onnectionStrings的所有内容，将其添加到元组列表中
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private List<Tuple<string, string, string>> GetConnectionStringList()
{
List<Tuple<string, string, string>> tupleConnectionStrings = new List<Tuple<string, string, string>>();
for (int i = 0; i < groupBox2.Controls.Count; i++)
{
if (groupBox2.Controls[i] is Label lbl && lbl.Name.StartsWith("lblName"))
{
Control[] controlProviderNames = groupBox2.Controls.Find($"txtProviderName{lbl.Tag}", true);
if (controlProviderNames == null || controlProviderNames.Length == 0)
{
throw new Exception($"没有找到【{lbl.Text}】对应的文本框控件【txtProviderName{lbl.Tag}】");
}
Control[] controlConnectionStrings = groupBox2.Controls.Find($"txtConnectionString{lbl.Tag}", true);
if (controlConnectionStrings == null || controlConnectionStrings.Length == 0)
{
throw new Exception($"没有找到【{lbl.Text}】对应的文本框控件【txtConnectionString{lbl.Tag}】");
}
tupleConnectionStrings.Add(Tuple.Create(lbl.Text, controlProviderNames[0].Text, controlConnectionStrings[0].Text));
}
}
return tupleConnectionStrings;
}
private void FormSaveDefaultXmlConfig_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
txtFilePath.Text = config.FilePath;
//读取配置AppSetting节点,
KeyValueConfigurationCollection keyValueCollection = config.AppSettings.Settings;
AddAppSettingConfig(keyValueCollection);
//读取连接字符串ConnectionStrings节点
ConnectionStringSettingsCollection connectionCollection = config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings;
AddConnectionStringConfig(connectionCollection);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"加载应用程序配置文件出错:{ex.Message}", "出错");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取所有的AppSetting节点，将其绑定到groupBox1中
/// 只考虑在配置文件中【IsPresent为true】的节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keyValueCollection"></param>
private void AddAppSettingConfig(KeyValueConfigurationCollection keyValueCollection)
{
groupBox1.Controls.Clear();
int index = 0;
foreach (KeyValueConfigurationElement keyValueElement in keyValueCollection)
{
ElementInformation elemInfo = keyValueElement.ElementInformation;
if (!elemInfo.IsPresent)
{
//考虑到部分配置不是在App.exe.config配置文件中，此时不做处理
continue;
}
Label label = new Label();
label.AutoSize = true;
label.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 20 + index * 30);
label.Name = $"lblKey{index + 1}";
label.Text = keyValueElement.Key;
label.Tag = index + 1;
TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
textBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 20 + index * 30);
textBox.Name = $"txtValue{index + 1}";
textBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300, 21);
textBox.Text = keyValueElement.Value;
groupBox1.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { label, textBox });
index++;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取所有的ConnectionString节点，将其绑定到groupBox2中
/// 只考虑在配置文件中【IsPresent为true】的节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="connectionCollection"></param>
private void AddConnectionStringConfig(ConnectionStringSettingsCollection connectionCollection)
{
groupBox2.Controls.Clear();
int index = 0;
foreach (ConnectionStringSettings connectElement in connectionCollection)
{
ElementInformation elemInfo = connectElement.ElementInformation;
if (!elemInfo.IsPresent)
{
//考虑到连接字符串有系统默认配置，不在配置文件中【IsPresent=false】，因此过滤掉,如下面两个
//LocalSqlServer、LocalMySqlServer
continue;
}
Label label = new Label();
label.AutoSize = true;
label.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 20 + index * 30);
label.Name = $"lblName{index + 1}";
label.Text = connectElement.Name;
label.Tag = index + 1;
TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
textBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 20 + index * 30);
textBox.Name = $"txtConnectionString{index + 1}";
textBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 21);
textBox.Text = connectElement.ConnectionString;
Label lblFixed = new Label();
lblFixed.AutoSize = true;
lblFixed.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(500, 20 + index * 30);
lblFixed.Name = $"lblFixed{index + 1}";
lblFixed.Text = "提供程序名称";
TextBox txtProviderName = new TextBox();
txtProviderName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(580, 20 + index * 30);
txtProviderName.Name = $"txtProviderName{index + 1}";
txtProviderName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(140, 21);
txtProviderName.Text = connectElement.ProviderName;
groupBox2.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { label, textBox, lblFixed, txtProviderName });
index++;
}
}
}
}四、程序运行如图
修改保存配置后，打开SaveDefaultXmlConfigDemo.exe.Config文件
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。