go语言中io操作中的 io.Reader 和 io.Writer的获取方法
作者:tekin
在Go语言中,要进行文件io操作,通常需要使用io.Reader或io.Writer对象,获取这些对象的方法包括使用标准库中已实现Read或Write方法的对象,感兴趣的可以了解一下
我们在对文件进行io操作的时候,经常看到需要我们传递一个 io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 对象作为读写的入参, 那么我们该如何或者这些个RW对象呢? 其实很简单,你只需要查找一下哪些对象实现了 Read或者 Writer方法,那么你只需要创建一个实现了这2个方法之一的对象 , 那他就可以是一个 io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 。
当然最常见的应该就是我们的 os.File对象了, 另外还有 bufio.Reader, bytes.Buffer 等对象都可以作为io的RW入参。
当然你也可以自己定义一个对象,实现 io.Reader 或者 io.Writer 接口中定义的方法,那么你的对象也可以作为一个RW入参来使用了。 这个也就是go语言中面向接口编程的完美体现。
go中Reader Writer接口定义
type Reader interface { Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) } type Writer interface { Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) }
os.File对象中的RW实现代码
// Read reads up to len(b) bytes from the File and stores them in b. // It returns the number of bytes read and any error encountered. // At end of file, Read returns 0, io.EOF. func (f *File) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) { if err := f.checkValid("read"); err != nil { return 0, err } n, e := f.read(b) return n, f.wrapErr("read", e) } // Write writes len(b) bytes from b to the File. // It returns the number of bytes written and an error, if any. // Write returns a non-nil error when n != len(b). func (f *File) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) { if err := f.checkValid("write"); err != nil { return 0, err } n, e := f.write(b) if n < 0 { n = 0 } if n != len(b) { err = io.ErrShortWrite } epipecheck(f, e) if e != nil { err = f.wrapErr("write", e) } return n, err }
bufio.Reader中的RW实现代码
// Read reads data into p. // It returns the number of bytes read into p. // The bytes are taken from at most one Read on the underlying Reader, // hence n may be less than len(p). // To read exactly len(p) bytes, use io.ReadFull(b, p). // If the underlying Reader can return a non-zero count with io.EOF, // then this Read method can do so as well; see the [io.Reader] docs. func (b *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) { n = len(p) if n == 0 { if b.Buffered() > 0 { return 0, nil } return 0, b.readErr() } if b.r == b.w { if b.err != nil { return 0, b.readErr() } if len(p) >= len(b.buf) { // Large read, empty buffer. // Read directly into p to avoid copy. n, b.err = b.rd.Read(p) if n < 0 { panic(errNegativeRead) } if n > 0 { b.lastByte = int(p[n-1]) b.lastRuneSize = -1 } return n, b.readErr() } // One read. // Do not use b.fill, which will loop. b.r = 0 b.w = 0 n, b.err = b.rd.Read(b.buf) if n < 0 { panic(errNegativeRead) } if n == 0 { return 0, b.readErr() } b.w += n } // copy as much as we can // Note: if the slice panics here, it is probably because // the underlying reader returned a bad count. See issue 49795. n = copy(p, b.buf[b.r:b.w]) b.r += n b.lastByte = int(b.buf[b.r-1]) b.lastRuneSize = -1 return n, nil } // writeBuf writes the Reader's buffer to the writer. func (b *Reader) writeBuf(w io.Writer) (int64, error) { n, err := w.Write(b.buf[b.r:b.w]) if n < 0 { panic(errNegativeWrite) } b.r += n return int64(n), err }
bytes.Buffer中的RW实现代码
// Read reads the next len(p) bytes from the buffer or until the buffer // is drained. The return value n is the number of bytes read. If the // buffer has no data to return, err is io.EOF (unless len(p) is zero); // otherwise it is nil. func (b *Buffer) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) { b.lastRead = opInvalid if b.empty() { // Buffer is empty, reset to recover space. b.Reset() if len(p) == 0 { return 0, nil } return 0, io.EOF } n = copy(p, b.buf[b.off:]) b.off += n if n > 0 { b.lastRead = opRead } return n, nil } // Write appends the contents of p to the buffer, growing the buffer as // needed. The return value n is the length of p; err is always nil. If the // buffer becomes too large, Write will panic with ErrTooLarge. func (b *Buffer) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { b.lastRead = opInvalid m, ok := b.tryGrowByReslice(len(p)) if !ok { m = b.grow(len(p)) } return copy(b.buf[m:], p), nil }
注意这些方法一般是绑定在指针类型的对象上, 所以你在创建你需要的RW对象的时候需要使用&指针符号或者使用 new函数来创建对象, 如:w := &bytes.Buffer{} 等效于 w := new(bytes.Buffer)
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