CentOS7下安装Ruby3.2.4的实施路径详解
作者：fredricen
一、CentOS版本
[user@zt ~]$ cat /etc/os-release NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
二、先安装RVM
RVM是一个linux下的Ruby的多版本管理工具，可以维护多个Ruby版本，切换版本。对于开发Ruby应用程序比较友好。还有个优点就是不需要梯子，对于国内用户友好。
安装GPG的key，用于身份验证
$ gpg2 --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
安装RVM最新稳定版本
$ \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
三、安装Ruby的前置依赖
更新gcc版本，默认为4.8.5版本，最好升级到7以上版本，我们这里升级到了9版本，升级gcc版需要先更新yum源
$ yum install centos-release-scl -y
安装完成后在 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下会出现 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo 和 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo 两个文件，安装后源默认启用，但是坑也就是在这里被埋下了。CentOS 7 最晚在 2024年6月30后 停止更新维护，在此之前在 CentOS 7 可以通过 yum 直接安装 SCL 源基本都是可以正常使用的。这个时候需要更新源的地址：
$ vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
修改此部分的baseurl为阿里云源
[centos-sclo-sclo] name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/sclo/ # mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-sclo gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo
$ vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
修改此部分的baseurl为阿里云源
[centos-sclo-rh] name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/sclo/x86_64/rh/ # mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-rh gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo
最后刷新缓存
yum repolist yum clean all yum makecache
正式升级gcc版本
yum install devtoolset-9-gcc* -y
显示如下即安装成功：
Installed:
devtoolset-9-gcc.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7 devtoolset-9-gcc-c++.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7 devtoolset-9-gcc-gdb-plugin.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7 devtoolset-9-gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7 devtoolset-9-gcc-plugin-devel.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7Dependency Installed:
audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.5-4.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7 devtoolset-9-binutils.x86_64 0:2.32-16.el7 devtoolset-9-libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7 devtoolset-9-libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:9.3.1-2.2.el7
devtoolset-9-runtime.x86_64 0:9.1-0.el7 gmp-devel.x86_64 1:6.0.0-15.el7 libgfortran5.x86_64 0:8.3.1-2.1.1.el7 libmpc-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7
libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 mpfr-devel.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-34.el7 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7Complete!
启用新版gcc
scl enable devtoolset-9 bash
查看gcc版本：
gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/9/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-redhat-linux Configured with: ../configure --enable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --prefix=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr --mandir=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/share/man --infodir=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --enable-multilib --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-gcc-major-version-only --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=gcc4-compatible --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-9.3.1-20200408/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --disable-libmpx --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 9.3.1 20200408 (Red Hat 9.3.1-2) (GCC)
使当前的终端立即生效：
source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable
四、安装指定版本的Ruby
CC=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/usr/bin/gcc rvm install 3.2.4
显示如下即表示安装成功：
ruby-3.2.4 - #removing src/ruby-3.2.4.. Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time. No binary rubies available for: centos/7/x86_64/ruby-3.2.4. Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies. Checking requirements for centos. Requirements installation successful. Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-3.2.4, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)... ruby-3.2.4 - #downloading ruby-3.2.4, this may take a while depending on your connection... ruby-3.2.4 - #extracting ruby-3.2.4 to /usr/local/rvm/src/ruby-3.2.4..... ruby-3.2.4 - #configuring.................................................................. ruby-3.2.4 - #post-configuration.. ruby-3.2.4 - #compiling................................................................................................... ruby-3.2.4 - #installing..................................... ruby-3.2.4 - #making binaries executable... Installed rubygems 3.4.19 is newer than 3.0.9 provided with installed ruby, skipping installation, use --force to force installation. ruby-3.2.4 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-3.2.4@global ruby-3.2.4 - #importing gemset /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/global.gems................................................................ ruby-3.2.4 - #generating global wrappers........ ruby-3.2.4 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-3.2.4 ruby-3.2.4 - #importing gemsetfile /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list ruby-3.2.4 - #generating default wrappers........ ruby-3.2.4 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake). Install of ruby-3.2.4 - #complete Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
查看RVM使用的当前Ruby版本
rvm list =* ruby-3.2.4 [ x86_64 ] # => - current # =* - current && default # * - default
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