使用Go实现在命令行输出好看的表格
作者:Meepoljd
最近在写一些运维小工具,比如批量进行ping包的工具,实现不困难,反正就是ping,统计,然后输出,不过我本着自己既是开发者又是使用者的理念,还是不喜欢输出特别难看的工具,就像这样:
所以就去https://pkg.go.dev/瞄了一眼,看看有没有啥适合的库能够把输出整的好看点的,于是找到了一个库github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/table
这是一个在命令行输出格式化表格的库,这里记录一下使用这个库进行一些格式化输出的过程。
其实还有一个比较简单的库叫做gotable,也能实现基础的格式化输出功能,使用起来也方便些,不过功能相对来说就要单一一些,在表格样式设置上会差一些,没那么自由
也可以看下https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/liushuochen/gotable#section-readme
接下来开始正式的去在命令行生成好看的满足需要的表格。
生成Table
首先我们要生成一个Table结构体的实例,可以直接New一个,也可以自己构造:
t := table.Table{} // 或者 t := table.NewWriter()
NewWriter会返回一个Writer接口
表头设置
表格首先要设置表头,以我的应用为例,表头设置:
header := table.Row{"ID", "IP", "Num", "PacketsRecv", "PacketLoss", "AvgRtt"}
这样生成了一个表头行,然后要通过AppendHeader方法在表格中生效:
t.AppendHeader(header)
看看效果,表头已经打印出来了
+----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+ | ID | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+ +----+----+-----+-------------+------------+--------+
插入行
数据的插入和表头的生成类似,要生成一个table.Row,然后调用AppendRow方法:
func (d *Demo) AppendRow() { for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { row := table.Row{i, fmt.Sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, i, "AppendRow"} d.T.AppendRow(row) } }
效果如下:
+----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+ | ID | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRow | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | AppendRow | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | AppendRow | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | AppendRow | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+-----------+
当然也可以生成table.Row的切片后调用一次AppendRows方法,效果和上面是一样的:
func (d *Demo) AppendRows() { var rows []table.Row for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { rows = append(rows, table.Row{i, fmt.Sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, i, "AppendRows"}) } d.T.AppendRows(rows) }
+----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | ID | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRow | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | AppendRow | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | AppendRow | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | AppendRow | | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRows | | 3 | 10.0.0.3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | AppendRows | | 4 | 10.0.0.4 | 8 | 4 | 4 | AppendRows | | 5 | 10.0.0.5 | 9 | 5 | 5 | AppendRows | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
表格标题
在设置表格实际内容时,还可以设置一个表格标题,如下:
func (d *Demo) AddTitle() { d.T.SetTitle("This is Easy Table") }
+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | This is Easy Table | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | ID | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRow | | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRows | +----+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
自动标号
在插入行的时候,我额外输入了一个ID列,作为标号,其实table提供了相关的方法和接口,只需要调用SetAutoIndex方法,增加自动的索引列即可:
func (d *Demo) MakeHeader() { header := table.Row{"IP", "Num", "PacketsRecv", "PacketLoss", "AvgRtt"} d.T.AppendHeader(header) d.T.SetAutoIndex(true) }
+------------------------------------------------------------+ | This is Easy Table | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRow | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRows | +---+----------+-----+-------------+------------+------------+
单元格合并
有的时候,相邻单元格的值一样我们可能会想要进行合并,这样更美观,单元格合并分为列合并和行合并;先定义一下这里的列合并和行合并:
- 列合并:针对单列,如果单列中的多个相邻行数据一样,那么就合并为一个大行;
- 行合并:针对单行,如果单行中的多个相邻列数据一样,那么久合并为一个大列;
这里我们用到的原始表格如下:
+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | This is Easy Table | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRow | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | AppendRows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
列合并
我们先进行最后一列AvgRtt的列合并:
func (d *Demo) ColumnMerge() { d.T.SetColumnConfigs([]table.ColumnConfig{ { Name: "AvgRtt", // Number是指定列的序号 // Number: 5, AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, }, }) }
可以选择通过列的表头或者列的序号来选择具体进行合并的列:
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
这样看表格线条不明显,感觉不到区分,那么可以加上一些设置d.T.Style().Options.SeparateRows = true
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | 4 | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+
行合并
行合并我们对最后一行的汇总行进行合并,具体做法是在添加汇总行时增加RowConfig参数:
func (d *Demo) AppendFooter() { d.T.AppendFooter(table.Row{"Total", "Total", "Total", "Total", count}, table.RowConfig{AutoMerge: true}) }
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | TOTAL | 4 | +---+---------------------------------------------+------------+
样式设置
现在整个表格已经生成,但我们还需要进行一些美化,这就要对表格的样式进行设置了;
居中设置
对于居中,无法直接进行全局的设置,必须根据列进行,如下:
func (d *Demo) SetAlignCenter() { column := []string{"IP", "Num", "PacketsRecv", "PacketLoss", "AvgRtt"} c := []table.ColumnConfig{} // 根据表格的列数循环进行设置,统一居中 for i := 1; i <= len(column); i++ { name := column[i-1] if name == "AvgRtt" { c = append(c, table.ColumnConfig{ Name: "AvgRtt", AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, }) continue } c = append(c, table.ColumnConfig{ Name: column[i], Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, }) } d.T.SetColumnConfigs(c) }
居中效果如下,这样既能保留列合并又完成了剧中设置:
+---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | IP | NUM | PACKETSRECV | PACKETLOSS | AVGRTT | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRow | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 2 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | 3 | 10.0.0.1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | AppendRows | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+ | | 4 | 10.0.0.2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | | +---+----------+-------+-------------+------------+------------+ | | TOTAL | 4 | +---+---------------------------------------------+------------+
数字自动高亮标红
在我的应用场景中,ping的ip如果出现了丢包情况,那就要红色高亮,方便使用者马上关注到,这种情况下,可以通过Transformer来设置:
func (d *Demo) SetWarnColor() { // 字体颜色 WarnColor := text.Colors{text.BgRed} warnTransformer := text.Transformer(func(val interface{}) string { if val.(float64) > 0 { // 统计丢包服务器总数 return WarnColor.Sprintf("%.2f%%", val) } return fmt.Sprintf("%v%%", val) }) d.T.SetColumnConfigs([]table.ColumnConfig{ { Name: "PacketLoss", AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, Transformer: warnTransformer, }, }) }
实际效果如下:
完整Demo代码
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/table" "github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6/text" ) var count = 0 type Demo struct { T table.Writer } func NewDemo() *Demo { return &Demo{ T: table.NewWriter(), } } func (d *Demo) MakeHeader() { header := table.Row{"IP", "Num", "PacketsRecv", "PacketLoss", "AvgRtt"} d.T.AppendHeader(header) d.T.SetAutoIndex(true) // d.T.SetStyle(table.StyleLight) d.T.Style().Options.SeparateRows = true } func (d *Demo) AddTitle() { d.T.SetTitle("This is Easy Table") } func (d *Demo) AppendRow() { // rowConfig := table.RowConfig{AutoMerge: true} for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ { row := table.Row{fmt.Sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, rand.Float64() * 100, "AppendRow"} count += 1 d.T.AppendRow(row) } d.T.AppendRow(table.Row{fmt.Sprintf("10.0.0.%v", 4), 1 + 4, 1, 0.0, "AppendRow"}) } func (d *Demo) AppendRows() { var rows []table.Row for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ { rows = append(rows, table.Row{fmt.Sprintf("10.0.0.%v", i), i + 4, i, rand.Float64() * 100, "AppendRows"}) count += 1 } d.T.AppendRows(rows) } func (d *Demo) AppendFooter() { d.T.AppendFooter(table.Row{"Total", "Total", "Total", "Total", count}, table.RowConfig{AutoMerge: true, AutoMergeAlign: text.AlignCenter}) } func (d *Demo) ColumnMerge() { d.T.SetColumnConfigs([]table.ColumnConfig{ { Name: "AvgRtt", // Number是指定列的序号 // Number: 5, AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, }, }) } func (d *Demo) SetAlignCenter() { column := []string{"IP", "Num", "PacketsRecv", "PacketLoss", "AvgRtt"} c := []table.ColumnConfig{} // 根据表格的列数循环进行设置,统一居中 for i := 1; i <= len(column); i++ { name := column[i-1] if name == "AvgRtt" { c = append(c, table.ColumnConfig{ Name: "AvgRtt", AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, }) continue } c = append(c, table.ColumnConfig{ Name: column[i], Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, }) } d.T.SetColumnConfigs(c) } func (d *Demo) SetWarnColor() { // 字体颜色 WarnColor := text.Colors{text.BgRed} warnTransformer := text.Transformer(func(val interface{}) string { if val.(float64) > 0 { // 统计丢包服务器总数 return WarnColor.Sprintf("%.2f%%", val) } return fmt.Sprintf("%v%%", val) }) d.T.SetColumnConfigs([]table.ColumnConfig{ { Name: "PacketLoss", AutoMerge: true, Align: text.AlignCenter, AlignHeader: text.AlignCenter, AlignFooter: text.AlignCenter, Transformer: warnTransformer, }, }) } func (d *Demo) Print() { fmt.Println(d.T.Render()) } func main() { demo := NewDemo() demo.MakeHeader() // demo.AddTitle() demo.AppendRow() demo.AppendRows() // demo.ColumnMerge() demo.AppendFooter() // demo.SetAlignCenter() demo.SetWarnColor() demo.Print() }
结语
本文介绍了使用第三方库美化Golang的命令行表格格式化输出,除了table以外,go-pretty
库中还包含了进度条、列表等美化方法,感兴趣可以自己看看官方文档。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。