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Golang 负载均衡算法实现示例

作者:磊丰 Go语言圈

在Go语言中,负载均衡算法通常由代理、反向代理或者应用层负载均衡器来实现,在这些实现中,有一些经典的负载均衡算法,跟随本文来一一探究

负载均衡算法

在Go语言中,负载均衡算法通常由代理、反向代理或者应用层负载均衡器来实现。在这些实现中,有一些经典的负载均衡算法:

你也可以使用一些第三方库实现负载均衡,比如 gobalancer、ghoxy 等。这些库提供了多种负载均衡算法的实现,并可以方便地集成到Go应用中。

以下是这几种经典的负载均衡算法的简单示例代码:

轮询法(Round Robin)

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type RoundRobin struct {
    servers []string
    index   int
    lock    sync.Mutex
}

func NewRoundRobin(servers []string) *RoundRobin {
    return &RoundRobin{
        servers: servers,
        index:   0,
    }
}

func (rr *RoundRobin) GetNextServer() string {
    rr.lock.Lock()
    defer rr.lock.Unlock()

    server := rr.servers[rr.index]
    rr.index = (rr.index + 1) % len(rr.servers)
    return server
}

func main() {
    servers := []string{"Server1", "Server2", "Server3"}
    rr := NewRoundRobin(servers)

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println("Request sent to:", rr.GetNextServer())
    }
}

随机法(Random)

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)

type Random struct {
    servers []string
}

func NewRandom(servers []string) *Random {
    return &Random{
        servers: servers,
    }
}

func (r *Random) GetRandomServer() string {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
    index := rand.Intn(len(r.servers))
    return r.servers[index]
}

func main() {
    servers := []string{"Server1", "Server2", "Server3"}
    random := NewRandom(servers)

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println("Request sent to:", random.GetRandomServer())
    }
}

最小连接数法(Least Connections)

这个算法需要在实际的负载均衡器中实现,涉及到连接数的统计和动态调整。

加权轮询法(Weighted Round Robin)

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type WeightedRoundRobin struct {
    servers    []string
    weights    []int
    currentIdx int
    lock       sync.Mutex
}

func NewWeightedRoundRobin(servers []string, weights []int) *WeightedRoundRobin {
    return &WeightedRoundRobin{
        servers:    servers,
        weights:    weights,
        currentIdx: 0,
    }
}

func (wrr *WeightedRoundRobin) GetNextServer() string {
    wrr.lock.Lock()
    defer wrr.lock.Unlock()

    server := wrr.servers[wrr.currentIdx]
    wrr.currentIdx = (wrr.currentIdx + 1) % len(wrr.servers)
    return server
}

func main() {
    servers := []string{"Server1", "Server2", "Server3"}
    weights := []int{2, 1, 3} // Server1权重为2,Server2权重为1,Server3权重为3

    wrr := NewWeightedRoundRobin(servers, weights)

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println("Request sent to:", wrr.GetNextServer())
    }
}

加权随机法(Weighted Random)

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "time"
)
type WeightedRandom struct {
    servers []string
    weights []int
}
func NewWeightedRandom(servers []string, weights []int) *WeightedRandom {
    return &WeightedRandom{
        servers: servers,
        weights: weights,
    }
}
func (wr *WeightedRandom) GetWeightedRandomServer() string {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
    totalWeight := 0
    for _, weight := range wr.weights {
        totalWeight += weight
    }
    randWeight := rand.Intn(totalWeight)
    for i, weight := range wr.weights {
        if randWeight < weight {
            return wr.servers[i]
        }
        randWeight -= weight
    }
    return wr.servers[len(wr.servers)-1]
}
func main() {
    servers := []string{"Server1", "Server2", "Server3"}
    weights := []int{2, 1, 3} // Server1权重为2,Server2权重为1,Server3权重为3
    wr := NewWeightedRandom(servers, weights)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println("Request sent to:", wr.GetWeightedRandomServer())
    }
}

IP Hash法

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "hash/fnv"
    "strconv"
)

type IPHash struct {
    servers []string
}

func NewIPHash(servers []string) *IPHash {
    return &amp;IPHash{
        servers: servers,
    }
}

func (ih *IPHash) GetServerByIP(ip string) string {
    h := fnv.New32a()
    h.Write([]byte(ip))
    index := int(h.Sum32()) % len(ih.servers)
    return ih.servers[index]
}

func main() {
    servers := []string{"Server1", "Server2", "Server3"}
    ih := NewIPHash(servers)

    ips := []string{"192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.2", "192.168.1.3"}

    for _, ip := range ips {
        fmt.Printf("Request from IP %s sent to: %s\n", ip, ih.GetServerByIP(ip))
    }
}

请注意,这些示例代码是为了演示算法的基本原理,实际应用中需要更复杂的实现,涉及到连接管理、健康检查等方面。在实际项目中,建议使用现成的负载均衡库或者反向代理服务器。

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