Golang http请求封装的代码示例
作者：悟世君子
http请求封装在项目中非常普遍，下面笔者封装了http post请求传json、form 和get请求，以备将来使用，文中代码示例介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下
1、POST请求
1.1、POST请求发送 json
这里发送json笔者使用了2种方式，一种是golang 自带的 http.Post方法，另一是 http.NewRequest
方法。二者的区别是http.Post方法不能发送自定义的header数据；而http.NewRequest方法可以发送额外的自定义header数据
先看使用golang 自带的 http.Post方法封装的POST请求
func HttpPostJson(url string, requestBody []byte) (string, error) {
response, er := http.Post(url, "application/json", bytes.NewBuffer(requestBody))
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
defer response.Body.Close()
body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if er2 != nil {
return "", er2
}
return string(body), nil
}再看使用http.NewRequest方法封装的POST请求
看golang的源代码可以知道 http.Post方法底层就是使用的 NewRequest 方法，因此NewRequest方法更加灵活
func HttpPost(url string, header map[string]string, requestBody []byte) (string, error) {
httpClient := &http.Client{}
request, er := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewBuffer(requestBody))
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
for key, value := range header {
request.Header.Set(key, value)
}
//设置请求头Content-Type
request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
response, er2 := httpClient.Do(request)
if er2 != nil {
return "", er2
}
defer response.Body.Close()
body, er3 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if er3 != nil {
return "", er3
}
return string(body), nil
}1.2、POST请求发送form
form数据使用map存放，map的key是字符串，value是字符串切片
func HttpPostForm(url string, form map[string][]string) (string, error) {
response, er := http.PostForm(url, form)
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
defer response.Body.Close()
body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if er2 != nil {
return "", er2
}
return string(body), nil
}可以携带自定义header的post请求发送form
笔者使用NewRequest 方法封装的可以携带自定义header的form请求
func HttpPostHeaderForm(requestUrl string, header map[string]string, form map[string][]string) (string, error) {
httpClient := &http.Client{}
var data url.Values
data = map[string][]string{}
for k, v := range form {
data[k] = v
}
request, er := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, requestUrl, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
//设置自定义header
for key, value := range header {
request.Header.Set(key, value)
}
response, er := httpClient.Do(request)
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
defer response.Body.Close()
body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if er2 != nil {
return "", er2
}
return string(body), nil
}2、GET请求
func HttpGet(url string) (string, error) {
response, er := http.Get(url)
if er != nil {
return "", er
}
defer response.Body.Close()
body, er2 := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if er2 != nil {
return "", er2
}
return string(body), nil
}3、测试
这里服务端笔者使用springboot项目创建，用来接收请求，端口默认8080
参数类
package com.wsjz.demo.param;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class AddParam {
private String name;
private Integer age;
}controller
package com.wsjz.demo.controller;
import com.wsjz.demo.param.AddParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@PostMapping("/json/add")
public String jsonAdd(@RequestBody AddParam param, HttpServletRequest request) {
System.out.println(request.getHeader("token"));
System.out.println(param);
return "json ok";
}
@PostMapping("/form/add")
public String formAdd(AddParam param, HttpServletRequest request) {
System.out.println(request.getHeader("token"));
System.out.println(param);
return "form ok";
}
@GetMapping("/get/add")
public String getAdd(AddParam param) {
System.out.println(param);
return "get ok";
}
}golang测试代码
新建User结构体做为参数
type User struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int `json:"age"`
}（1）、测试HttpPostJson方法
func TestHttpPostJson(t *testing.T) {
url := "http://localhost:8080/json/add"
var user = User{
Name: "举头西北浮云，倚天万里须长剑，人言此地，夜深长见，斗牛光焰",
Age: 17,
}
requestBody, er := json.Marshal(user)
if er != nil {
log.Fatal(er)
}
response, er := HttpPostJson(url, requestBody)
if er != nil {
fmt.Println(er)
}
fmt.Println(response)
}运行效果
（2）、测试HttpPost方法
func TestHttpPost(t *testing.T) {
url := "http://localhost:8080/json/add"
var header = make(map[string]string)
header["token"] = "2492dc007dfc4ce8adcc8b42b21641f4"
var user = User{
Name: "我见青山多妩媚",
Age: 17,
}
requestBody, er := json.Marshal(user)
if er != nil {
log.Fatal(er)
}
response, er2 := HttpPost(url, header, requestBody)
if er2 != nil {
log.Fatal(er2)
}
fmt.Println(response)
}运行效果
（3）、测试HttpPostForm方法
func TestHttpPostForm(t *testing.T) {
url := "http://localhost:8080/form/add"
var form = make(map[string][]string)
form["name"] = []string{"可怜今夕月,向何处,去悠悠"}
form["age"] = []string{"18"}
response, er := HttpPostForm(url, form)
if er != nil {
fmt.Println(er)
}
fmt.Println(response)
}运行效果
（4）、测试HttpPostHeaderForm方法
func TestHttpPostHeaderForm(t *testing.T) {
url := "http://localhost:8080/form/add"
var header = make(map[string]string)
header["token"] = "0a8b903b7d7448e3ab007caab081965c"
var form = make(map[string][]string)
form["name"] = []string{"相思字，空盈幅，相思意，何时足"}
form["age"] = []string{"18"}
response, er := HttpPostHeaderForm(url, header, form)
if er != nil {
fmt.Println(er)
}
fmt.Println(response)
}运行效果
（5）、测试HttpGet方法
func TestHttpGet(t *testing.T) {
//对中文进行编码
name := url.QueryEscape("乘风好去，长空万里，直下看山河")
requestUrl := "http://localhost:8080/get/add?name=" + name + "&age=19"
response, er := HttpGet(requestUrl)
if er != nil {
fmt.Println(er)
}
fmt.Println(response)
}运行效果
以上就是Golang http请求封装的代码示例的详细内容，更多关于Golang http请求封装的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章！