vue3中的数据劫持的最新实现方案的proxy示例详解
作者:风清云淡_A
vuejs中实现数据的劫持,v2中使用的是Object.defineProperty()来实现的,在大版本v3中彻底重写了这部分,使用了proxy这个数据代理的方式,来修复了v2中对数组和对象的劫持的遗留问题。
proxy是什么
Proxy 用于修改某些操作的默认行为,等同于在语言层面做出修改,所以属于一种“元编程”(meta programming),即对编程语言进行编程。
Proxy 可以理解成对源对象进行一个封装,在操作源对象之前,做了一系列额外的操作,最终返回我们需要的新数据对象。
基础使用
let obj = new Proxy( {}, { get(target, prop, receiver) { console.log("get", prop); if (!target[prop]) target[prop] = 120; return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver); }, set(target, prop, value, receiver) { console.log("set", prop); return Reflect.set(target, prop, value, receiver); }, } ); obj.count = 1; obj.count; obj.count; obj.count; console.log(obj.count); obj.age; console.log(obj.age);
proxy
实例有两个参数,一个是目标对象,一个是操作方法的hash
集合
取值函数get
,赋值函数set
。
对特定属性的劫持
const proxyObj = new Proxy( { name: "Tom", age: 18 }, { get: function (target, prop) { if (prop === "age") return target[prop] - 1; return 35; }, } ); proxyObj.time; console.log("🚀 ~ proxyObj.time:", proxyObj.time); proxyObj.age; console.log("🚀 ~ proxyObj.time:", proxyObj.age);
把实例方法封装在对象内部
const object = { name: "Tom", age: 18, sayHi() { console.log("sayHi"); }, proxy() { return new Proxy(this, { get(target, prop) { console.log("🚀 ~ get ~ prop:", prop); if (prop in target) { return Reflect.get(target, prop); } else { return "no prop"; } return Reflect.get(target, prop); }, }); }, }; const newProxy = object.proxy(); // newObjj.age; console.log("🚀 ~ newObjj.age;:", newProxy.age); console.log("🚀 ~ newObjj.name;:", newProxy.sex);
对数组进行负值索引的操作
function createArray(...elements) { let handler = { get(target, prop, receiver) { let index = Number(prop); if (index < 0) { prop = String(target.length + index); } return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver); }, }; let target = []; target.push(...elements); return new Proxy(target, handler); } let arr = createArray("a", "b", "c"); arr[-1]; console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-1]); console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-2]); console.log("🚀 ~ arr[-1]:", arr[-3]);
实现数据的链式调用
var double = (n) => n * 2; var pow = (n) => Math.pow(n, 2); var reverse = (n) => String(n).split("").reverse().join(""); const pipe = function (value) { var funcStack = []; var oProxy = new Proxy( {}, { get: function (target, key) { console.log("🚀 ~ pipe ~ key:", key); if (key === "get") { return funcStack.reduce(function (val, func) { return func(val); }, value); } // 把方法存储到栈中 funcStack.push(window[key]); console.log("🚀 ~ funcStack:", funcStack); return oProxy; }, } ); return oProxy; }; const data1 = pipe(3).double.pow.reverse.get; console.log("🚀 ~ data:", data1);
注意:三个方法必须是var
声明的,let/const
都会报错
上面代码设置 Proxy 以后,达到了将函数名链式使用的效果。
利用get拦截,实现一个生成各种 DOM
节点的通用函数dom
const dom = new Proxy( {}, { get(target, prop) { return function (arrts, ...children) { const el = document.createElement(prop); for (let prop of Object.keys(arrts)) { el.setAttribute(prop, arrts[prop]); } for (let child of children) { console.log("🚀 ~ get ~ child:", child); if (typeof child === "string") { child = document.createTextNode(child); } el.appendChild(child); } return el; }; }, } ); const el = dom.div( {}, "Hello, my name is ", dom.a({ href: "//example.com" }, "Mark"), ". I like:", dom.ul( {}, dom.li({}, "The web"), dom.li({}, "Food"), dom.li({}, "…actually that's it") ) ); document.body.appendChild(el);
第三个参数,它总是指向原始的读操作所在的那个对象
const proxy = new Proxy( {}, { get: function (target, prop, receiver) { console.log("🚀 ~ prop:", prop); return receiver; }, } ); const isSame = proxy.getReceiver === proxy; console.log("🚀 ~ isSame:", isSame); const d = Object.create(proxy); console.log("ddd", d.a === d);
如果一个属性不可配置(configurable)且不可写(writable),则 Proxy 不能修改该属性
const target = Object.defineProperties( {}, { foo: { value: "bar", enumerable: false, configurable: false }, } ); const handler = { get(target, prop) { return "abc"; }, }; const proxy2 = new Proxy(target, handler); proxy2.foo;
上面通过 Proxy 对象访问该属性会报错。
拦截方法的执行
上面的都是object对象的属性进行劫持,也可以作为方法调用时进行劫持。
var target = function () { return "I am the target"; }; var handler = { apply(target, thisArg, argumentsList) { console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ argumentsList:", argumentsList); const res = target(); console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ res:", res); return "I am the proxy" + " " + argumentsList.join(","); }, }; const p = new Proxy(target, handler); const a = p("a", "b"); console.log("🚀 ~ a:", a);
变量p是 Proxy 的实例,当它作为函数调用时(p()),就会被apply方法拦截,返回一个字符串
function sum(left, right) { return left + right; } var twice = { apply(target, context, args) { console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ context:", context); console.log("🚀 ~ apply ~ args:", args); return Reflect.apply(target, context, args) * 2; }, }; const proxy = new Proxy(sum, twice); const data = proxy(1, 2); console.log("🚀 ~ data:", data); const data2 = proxy.call(null, 2, 5); console.log("🚀 ~ data2:", data2); const data3 = proxy.apply(null, [5, 5]); console.log("🚀 ~ data3:", data3);
当执行proxy函数(直接调用或call和apply调用),就会被apply方法拦截。
get和set方法,实现内部属性的保护机制
const proxy = new Proxy( {}, { get(target, prop) { invariant(prop, "get"); return Reflect.get(target, prop); }, set(target, prop, value) { invariant(prop, "set"); Reflect.set(target, prop, value); return true; }, } ); function invariant(key, action) { if (key[0] === "_") { throw new Error(`Invalid attempt to ${action} private "${key}" property`); } } // proxy._prop; proxy._prop = "value";
拦截key in proxy的操作
var target = { _prop: "foo", prop: "foo" }; const proxy = new Proxy(target, { has(target, key) { if (key[0] === "_") { console.log("false"); return false; } return key in target; }, }); "_prop" in proxy; // false
deleteProperty删除属性的劫持
const handler = { construct(target, args) { console.log("called: " + args.join(",")); return new target(...args); }, deleteProperty(target, prop) { if (prop === "age") return false; delete target[prop]; return true; }, }; const P = new Proxy(function () {}, handler); const p = new P(10); P.value; const p2 = new Proxy( { age: 20, name: "John", greet: () => console.log("hello"), }, handler ); delete p2.age; delete p2.name;
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