前端使用JS内置Blob实现下载各种形式的文件实例
作者：神似彭于晏的男人
通过使用JavaScript我们可以很方便地实现文件的下载功能,这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于前端使用JS内置Blob实现下载各种形式文件的相关资料,文中通过代码介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下
axios调用后端下载接口(在请求体中加上responseType: "blob")
export const fileDownload = (data) =>
request({
method: "post",
url: "/heritage/fileDownload",
responseType: "blob",
data,
});把后端返回的二进制流数据转换成一个blob对象，再去进行下载；
1.封装下载函数
// data: 接口返回的二进制流数据
// fileName：自定义下载完成后的文件名
// fileType：要下载的文件类型
downloadFile(data, fileName, fileType) {
let blob = new Blob([data], { type: `${fileType};charset=utf-8`});// type指定下载文件的类型
let downloadElement = document.createElement("a");
let href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
downloadElement.href = href;
downloadElement.download = fileName;
document.body.appendChild(downloadElement);
downloadElement.click();
document.body.removeChild(downloadElement);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(href);
}2. 当后端下载接口请求完成后，调用1中的下载函数并传入对应参数;
async courseDownload() {
// 调用后端接口
const res = await fileDownload();
// 此处的fileType可以动态获取响应头中对应的文件名称
const filename = "测试文件"; // 自定义下载文件名称
// 此处的fileType可以动态获取响应头中对应的文件类型
const fileType = "application/zip" // 下载zip格式的文件
this.downloadFile(res, filename, fileType);
},new Blob的参数type类型:
//作者：夹板儿孩 //链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/6896ade6299b // 全面的类型：https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml 123 application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3 3gp video/3gpp aab application/x-authoware-bin aam application/x-authoware-map aas application/x-authoware-seg ai application/postscript aif audio/x-aiff aifc audio/x-aiff aiff audio/x-aiff als audio/X-Alpha5 amc application/x-mpeg ani application/octet-stream asc text/plain asd application/astound asf video/x-ms-asf asn application/astound asp application/x-asap asx video/x-ms-asf au audio/basic avb application/octet-stream avi video/x-msvideo awb audio/amr-wb bcpio application/x-bcpio bin application/octet-stream bld application/bld bld2 application/bld2 bmp application/x-MS-bmp bpk application/octet-stream bz2 application/x-bzip2 cal image/x-cals ccn application/x-cnc cco application/x-cocoa cdf application/x-netcdf cgi magnus-internal/cgi chat application/x-chat class application/octet-stream clp application/x-msclip cmx application/x-cmx co application/x-cult3d-object cod image/cis-cod cpio application/x-cpio cpt application/mac-compactpro crd application/x-mscardfile csh application/x-csh csm chemical/x-csml csml chemical/x-csml css text/css cur application/octet-stream dcm x-lml/x-evm dcr application/x-director dcx image/x-dcx dhtml text/html dir application/x-director dll application/octet-stream dmg application/octet-stream dms application/octet-stream doc application/msword dot application/x-dot dvi application/x-dvi dwf drawing/x-dwf dwg application/x-autocad dxf application/x-autocad dxr application/x-director ebk application/x-expandedbook emb chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide embl chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide eps application/postscript eri image/x-eri es audio/echospeech esl audio/echospeech etc application/x-earthtime etx text/x-setext evm x-lml/x-evm evy application/x-envoy exe application/octet-stream fh4 image/x-freehand fh5 image/x-freehand fhc image/x-freehand fif image/fif fm application/x-maker fpx image/x-fpx fvi video/isivideo gau chemical/x-gaussian-input gca application/x-gca-compressed gdb x-lml/x-gdb gif image/gif gps application/x-gps gtar application/x-gtar gz application/x-gzip hdf application/x-hdf hdm text/x-hdml hdml text/x-hdml hlp application/winhlp hqx application/mac-binhex40 htm text/html html text/html hts text/html ice x-conference/x-cooltalk ico application/octet-stream ief image/ief ifm image/gif ifs image/ifs imy audio/melody ins application/x-NET-Install ips application/x-ipscript ipx application/x-ipix it audio/x-mod itz audio/x-mod ivr i-world/i-vrml j2k image/j2k jad text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jam application/x-jam jar application/java-archive jnlp application/x-java-jnlp-file jpe image/jpeg jpeg image/jpeg jpg image/jpeg jpz image/jpeg js application/x-javascript jwc application/jwc kjx application/x-kjx lak x-lml/x-lak latex application/x-latex lcc application/fastman lcl application/x-digitalloca lcr application/x-digitalloca lgh application/lgh lha application/octet-stream lml x-lml/x-lml lmlpack x-lml/x-lmlpack lsf video/x-ms-asf lsx video/x-ms-asf lzh application/x-lzh m13 application/x-msmediaview m14 application/x-msmediaview m15 audio/x-mod m3u audio/x-mpegurl m3url audio/x-mpegurl ma1 audio/ma1 ma2 audio/ma2 ma3 audio/ma3 ma5 audio/ma5 man application/x-troff-man map magnus-internal/imagemap mbd application/mbedlet mct application/x-mascot mdb application/x-msaccess mdz audio/x-mod me application/x-troff-me mel text/x-vmel mi application/x-mif mid audio/midi midi audio/midi mif application/x-mif mil image/x-cals mio audio/x-mio mmf application/x-skt-lbs mng video/x-mng mny application/x-msmoney moc application/x-mocha mocha application/x-mocha mod audio/x-mod mof application/x-yumekara mol chemical/x-mdl-molfile mop chemical/x-mopac-input mov video/quicktime movie video/x-sgi-movie mp2 audio/x-mpeg mp3 audio/x-mpeg mp4 video/mp4 mpc application/vnd.mpohun.certificate mpe video/mpeg mpeg video/mpeg mpg video/mpeg mpg4 video/mp4 mpga audio/mpeg mpn application/vnd.mophun.application mpp application/vnd.ms-project mps application/x-mapserver mrl text/x-mrml mrm application/x-mrm ms application/x-troff-ms mts application/metastream mtx application/metastream mtz application/metastream mzv application/metastream nar application/zip nbmp image/nbmp nc application/x-netcdf ndb x-lml/x-ndb ndwn application/ndwn nif application/x-nif nmz application/x-scream nokia-op-logo image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color npx application/x-netfpx nsnd audio/nsnd nva application/x-neva1 oda application/oda oom application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin pac audio/x-pac pae audio/x-epac pan application/x-pan pbm image/x-portable-bitmap pcx image/x-pcx pda image/x-pda pdb chemical/x-pdb pdf application/pdf pfr application/font-tdpfr pgm image/x-portable-graymap pict image/x-pict pm application/x-perl pmd application/x-pmd png image/png pnm image/x-portable-anymap pnz image/png pot application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppm image/x-portable-pixmap pps application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt application/vnd.ms-powerpoint pqf application/x-cprplayer pqi application/cprplayer prc application/x-prc proxy application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig ps application/postscript ptlk application/listenup pub application/x-mspublisher pvx video/x-pv-pvx qcp audio/vnd.qcelp qt video/quicktime qti image/x-quicktime qtif image/x-quicktime r3t text/vnd.rn-realtext3d ra audio/x-pn-realaudio ram audio/x-pn-realaudio rar application/x-rar-compressed ras image/x-cmu-raster rdf application/rdf+xml rf image/vnd.rn-realflash rgb image/x-rgb rlf application/x-richlink rm audio/x-pn-realaudio rmf audio/x-rmf rmm audio/x-pn-realaudio rmvb audio/x-pn-realaudio rnx application/vnd.rn-realplayer roff application/x-troff rp image/vnd.rn-realpix rpm audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin rt text/vnd.rn-realtext rte x-lml/x-gps rtf application/rtf rtg application/metastream rtx text/richtext rv video/vnd.rn-realvideo rwc application/x-rogerwilco s3m audio/x-mod s3z audio/x-mod sca application/x-supercard scd application/x-msschedule sdf application/e-score sea application/x-stuffit sgm text/x-sgml sgml text/x-sgml sh application/x-sh shar application/x-shar shtml magnus-internal/parsed-html shw application/presentations si6 image/si6 si7 image/vnd.stiwap.sis si9 image/vnd.lgtwap.sis sis application/vnd.symbian.install sit application/x-stuffit skd application/x-Koan skm application/x-Koan skp application/x-Koan skt application/x-Koan slc application/x-salsa smd audio/x-smd smi application/smil smil application/smil smp application/studiom smz audio/x-smd snd audio/basic spc text/x-speech spl application/futuresplash spr application/x-sprite sprite application/x-sprite spt application/x-spt src application/x-wais-source stk application/hyperstudio stm audio/x-mod sv4cpio application/x-sv4cpio sv4crc application/x-sv4crc svf image/vnd svg image/svg-xml svh image/svh svr x-world/x-svr swf application/x-shockwave-flash swfl application/x-shockwave-flash t application/x-troff tad application/octet-stream talk text/x-speech tar application/x-tar taz application/x-tar tbp application/x-timbuktu tbt application/x-timbuktu tcl application/x-tcl tex application/x-tex texi application/x-texinfo texinfo application/x-texinfo tgz application/x-tar thm application/vnd.eri.thm tif image/tiff tiff image/tiff tki application/x-tkined tkined application/x-tkined toc application/toc toy image/toy tr application/x-troff trk x-lml/x-gps trm application/x-msterminal tsi audio/tsplayer tsp application/dsptype tsv text/tab-separated-values tsv text/tab-separated-values ttf application/octet-stream ttz application/t-time txt text/plain ult audio/x-mod ustar application/x-ustar uu application/x-uuencode uue application/x-uuencode vcd application/x-cdlink vcf text/x-vcard vdo video/vdo vib audio/vib viv video/vivo vivo video/vivo vmd application/vocaltec-media-desc vmf application/vocaltec-media-file vmi application/x-dreamcast-vms-info vms application/x-dreamcast-vms vox audio/voxware vqe audio/x-twinvq-plugin vqf audio/x-twinvq vql audio/x-twinvq vre x-world/x-vream vrml x-world/x-vrml vrt x-world/x-vrt vrw x-world/x-vream vts workbook/formulaone wav audio/x-wav wax audio/x-ms-wax wbmp image/vnd.wap.wbmp web application/vnd.xara wi image/wavelet wis application/x-InstallShield wm video/x-ms-wm wma audio/x-ms-wma wmd application/x-ms-wmd wmf application/x-msmetafile wml text/vnd.wap.wml wmlc application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmls text/vnd.wap.wmlscript wmlsc application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc wmlscript text/vnd.wap.wmlscript wmv audio/x-ms-wmv wmx video/x-ms-wmx wmz application/x-ms-wmz wpng image/x-up-wpng wpt x-lml/x-gps wri application/x-mswrite wrl x-world/x-vrml wrz x-world/x-vrml ws text/vnd.wap.wmlscript wsc application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc wv video/wavelet wvx video/x-ms-wvx wxl application/x-wxl x-gzip application/x-gzip xar application/vnd.xara xbm image/x-xbitmap xdm application/x-xdma xdma application/x-xdma xdw application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks xht application/xhtml+xml xhtm application/xhtml+xml xhtml application/xhtml+xml xla application/vnd.ms-excel xlc application/vnd.ms-excel xll application/x-excel xlm application/vnd.ms-excel xls application/vnd.ms-excel xlt application/vnd.ms-excel xlw application/vnd.ms-excel xm audio/x-mod xml text/xml xmz audio/x-mod xpi application/x-xpinstall xpm image/x-xpixmap xsit text/xml xsl text/xml xul text/xul xwd image/x-xwindowdump xyz chemical/x-pdb yz1 application/x-yz1 z application/x-compress zac application/x-zaurus-zac zip application/zip ogg application/ogg aac audio/aac
总结
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