Angular项目如何使用拦截器 httpClient 请求响应处理
作者:天天向上518
这篇文章主要介绍了Angular项目简单使用拦截器httpClient请求响应处理,目前我的Angular版本是Angular 17.3,版本中实现请求和响应的拦截处理了,这种机制非常适合添加如身份验证头、错误统一处理、日志记录等功能,需要的朋友可以参考下
1:为啥要使用拦截器 httpClient 请求响应处理,其作用我们主要是:
目前我的Angular版本是Angular 17.3,版本中实现请求和响应的拦截处理了。这种机制非常适合添加如身份验证头、错误统一处理、日志记录等功能。
======具体的操作步骤=======
2:注入服务:ng g s services/myhttp-interceptorService
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpResponse, HttpRequest, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpEvent } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, tap } from 'rxjs';
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
// 用作http 请求响应的拦截器
export class MyhttpInterceptorServiceService implements HttpInterceptor {
constructor() { }
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
// 请求前处理,可以加上 head 的token 如果需要
//console.log('Request:', req.url);
console.log('Request:=======请求前的处理=========' + req.url);
if (!req.headers.has('Authorization')) {
req = req.clone({
setHeaders: {
Authorization: 'Bearer ' + localStorage.getItem('logininfo')
}
});
console.log("请求头新增token 成功 Authorization-----------");
} else {
console.log("已经存在token,不需要新增");
}
// 发送请求,并且在响应上做文章
return next.handle(req).pipe(
tap(
event => {
if (event instanceof HttpResponse) {
// 成功响应时的处理
//console.log('Response:', event.status);
console.log('Response:====成功响应的处理============');
}
},
error => {
// 错误响应时的处理
//console.error('Error:', error.message);
console.error('Error', '=======error msg=========');
}
)
);
}
}3:配置到根模块中 app.module.ts
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { HomeComponent } from './components/home/home.component';
import { TopComponent } from './components/top/top.component';
import { MenuComponent } from './components/menu/menu.component';
import { ProductComponent } from './components/product/product.component';
//primeng
import {ButtonModule} from 'primeng/button';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import {CalendarModule} from 'primeng/calendar';
import {BrowserAnimationsModule} from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import {PanelMenuModule} from 'primeng/panelmenu';
import { BodyComponent } from './components/body/body.component';
import {TableModule} from 'primeng/table'
import {InputTextModule} from 'primeng/inputtext';
import {MessageModule} from 'primeng/message';
import {ToastModule} from 'primeng/toast';
import { TranslateModule,TranslateLoader } from '@ngx-translate/core';
import { HttpClient, HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { TranslateHttpLoader } from '@ngx-translate/http-loader';
import { MydialogComponent } from './components/mydialog/mydialog.component';
import { MybooksComponent } from './components/mybooks/mybooks.component';
import { StudentComponent } from './components/student/student.component';
import { TeacherComponent } from './components/teacher/teacher.component';
import { WelcomeComponent } from './components/welcome/welcome.component';
import { LoginComponent } from './components/login/login.component';
//HttpClientModule, HTTP_INTERCEPTORS -----拦截器的导入
import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
import { MyhttpInterceptorServiceService } from './services/myhttp-interceptor-service.service';
export function HttpLoaderFactory(http: HttpClient) {
return new TranslateHttpLoader(http,'../assets/i18n/',".json");
}
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent,
HomeComponent,
TopComponent,
MenuComponent,
ProductComponent,
BodyComponent,
MydialogComponent,
MybooksComponent,
StudentComponent,
TeacherComponent,
WelcomeComponent,
LoginComponent
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
AppRoutingModule,
BrowserAnimationsModule,
ButtonModule,
FormsModule,
CalendarModule,
PanelMenuModule,
TableModule,
InputTextModule,
MessageModule,
ToastModule,
HttpClientModule,TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {
provide: TranslateLoader,
useFactory: HttpLoaderFactory,
deps: [HttpClient]
}
})
],
providers: [{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, //---------------
useClass: MyhttpInterceptorServiceService,
multi: true // 注意这里设置为true,因为可以有多个拦截器
}],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }//重点如下配置:HttpClientModule, HTTP_INTERCEPTORS 拦截器的导入
import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
import { MyhttpInterceptorServiceService } from './services/myhttp-interceptor-service.service';
providers: [{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: MyhttpInterceptorServiceService,
multi: true // 注意这里设置为true,因为可以有多个拦截器
}],4:在组件中测试使用
<p>student works! 请求接口获取到用户名称为:{{userName}}</p>
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
selector: 'app-student',
templateUrl: './student.component.html',
styleUrl: './student.component.scss'
})
export class StudentComponent implements OnInit {
userName: string;
constructor(private http: HttpClient) {
this.userName = "";
}
ngOnInit(): void {
this.http.get('http://www.baidu.com:4200/gateway/basic/accounts/getUserAcountList?ntid=3793831').pipe().subscribe((data?: any) => {
console.log(data);
this.userName = data.data[0].name;
})
}
}5:测试效果

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