js修改元素样式的九种方式总结
作者:冰糖雪梨dd
用惯了vue和react之后可能会慢慢淡忘掉原生的一些操作dom的几种方式,有的时候确实需要我们通过原生的方式进行操作,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于js修改元素样式的九种方式,需要的朋友可以参考下
1.直接设置style的属性
style属性可以设置或返回元素的内联样式,对于更改同一个元素的同一种样式,设置style属性的优先级较高
- 语法:element.style.property = value
- property为CSS属性名,如:color,margin。如果属性名原来包含“-”,则需转换为小驼峰形式,如:backgroundColor,marginLeft。
var box = document.querySelector('div') box.style.color = "#fff" // 将元素中文字设置为白色 box.style.marginLeft = "100px" // 将元素左外边距设置为100px
某些情况用这个设置 !important值无效
如果属性有’-'号,就写成驼峰的形式(如textAlign) 如果想保留 - 号,就中括号的形式
element.style.height = '100px';
2.直接设置属性
只能用于某些属性,相关样式会自动识别
element.setAttribute('height', 100); element.setAttribute('height', '100px');
3.设置style的属性
element.setAttribute('style', 'height: 100px !important');
4.使用setProperty
- 如果要设置!important,推荐用这种方法设置第三个参数
element.style.setProperty('height', '300px', 'important');
5.改变class (推荐)
- 通过改变伪元素父级的class来动态更改伪元素的样式
element.className = 'blue'; element.className += 'blue fb';
6.设置cssText
element.style.cssText = 'height: 100px !important'; element.style.cssText += 'height: 100px !important';
7.引入css样式文件
- 创建引入新的css样式文件
function addNewStyle(newStyle) { var styleElement = document.getElementById('styles_js');
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>styleElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> styleElement <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'style'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'text/css'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'styles_js'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'head'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>styleElement<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> styleElement<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTextNode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>newStyle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token function">addNewStyle</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.box {height: 100px !important;}'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
8.使用addRule、insertRule
// 在原有样式操作 document.styleSheets[0].addRule('.box', 'height: 100px'); document.styleSheets[0].insertRule('.box {height: 100px}', 0);
<span class="token comment">// 或者插入新样式时操作</span> <span class="token keyword">var</span> styleEl <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'style'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> styleSheet <span class="token operator">=</span> styleEl<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sheet<span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleSheet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addRule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.box'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'height: 100px'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> styleSheet<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertRule</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.box {height: 100px}'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span>head<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">appendChild</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>styleEl<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
9.通过classList控制样式
- classList属性返回一个元素类属性集合(这里可以简单理解为类名的集合),通过使用classList中的方法可以方便的访问和控制元素类名,达到控制样式的目的
classList常用方法介绍:
名称 | 描述 |
---|---|
add(class1, class2, …) | 添加一个或多个类名 |
remove(class1, class2, …) | 移除一个或多个类名 |
replace(oldClass, newClass) | 替换类名 |
contains(class) | 判定类名是否存在,返回布尔值 |
toggle(class, true|false) | 如果类名存在,则移除它,否则添加它,第二个参数代表无论类名是否存在,强制添加(true )或删除(false ) |
<div class="box">classList test</div> <script> var box = document.querySelector('.box') box.classList.add('box1', 'box2') // [box] => [box, box1, box2] box.classList.remove('box1', 'box2') // [box, box1, box2] => [box] box.classList.replace('box', 'box2') // [box] => [box2] box.classList.contains('box1') // 当前元素不包含类名box1,返回false box.classList.toggle('active') // [box2] => [box2, active] </script>
总结
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