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基于element-ui自定义封装大文件上传组件的案例分享

作者:张辽

本文主要介绍了以element-ui基础封装大文件上传的组件,包括断点续传,秒传,上传进度条,封装思想逻辑来源于el-upload 组件源码,文中有具体案例分享,需要的朋友可以参考下

以element-ui基础封装大文件上传的组件,包括断点续传,秒传,上传进度条,封装思想逻辑来源于el-upload 组件源码,看下面具体案例

   <div class="big-file-box">
    <div  @click="handleClick">
        <slot></slot>
        <input class="el-upload__input" type="file" ref="input" name="请上传文件" @change='handleChange' :multiple='multiple' :accept='accept'></input> 
    </div>
    <slot name="tip"></slot>
    <div class="file-box">
        <transition-group tag="ul">
            <li v-for="item in uploadFiles"
                :key="item.uid"
                tabindex="0"
                :class="{'file-li':true}"
                @mouseover="handleMouseover(item.uid)"
                @mouseleave="handleMouseleave(item.uid)"
            >
                <i class="el-icon-document"></i>
                <span class="file-name" @click="handleClickFile(item)">{{item.name || item.url}}</span>
                <i v-if="item.status === 'success'" :class="item.uid === listChecked ? 'el-icon-close deleteColor': 'el-icon-circle-check passColor'" @click="hanldeRemoveFile(item)"></i>
                <el-progress
                    v-if="item.status === 'uploading'"
                    type="line"
                    :stroke-width="2"
                    :percentage="Number(item.percentage.toFixed(1))">
                </el-progress>
            </li>
        </transition-group>
        </div>
    </div>

看上面代码,主要分为3部分:

接下来是js 部分,分片部分的逻辑就不在这篇文章里面赘述了。

首先看组件的props

prop类型描述
beforeUploadFunction(file)文件上传前钩子上传文件之前的钩子,参数为上传的文件,若返回 false 则停止上传
onExceedFunction(file,fileList)文件超出个数限制时的钩子
limitNumber文件限制数量
uploadApiString上传文件的接口
mergeApiString文件上传成功后,合并文件接口
checkApiString检测文件上传分片接口,返回已上传所有片段的索引
acceptString允许上传的文件类型
concurrentUploadBoolean是否允许并发请求(后端服务带宽受限,可能需要同步依次上传分片,而不是瞬间发起几百个请求)
fileListArray上传的文件列表, 例如: [{name: 'food.jpg', url: 'xxx.cdn.com/xxx.jpg'}]
onRemoveFunction(file,fileList)文件列表移除文件时的钩子
onChangeFunction(file,fileList)文件状态改变时的钩子,添加文件时调用
onPreviewFunction(file)文件预览钩子
onSuccessFunction(file,url)文件合并成功钩子,返回成功文件,和后端存储到S3的url
onErrorFunction(file)文件上传失败钩子
onProgressFunction(file,percentage)文件上传进度钩子
onReadingFileFunction(status)读取文件md5时的钩子函数,参数 start:开始读取,end:读取结束
chunckSizeNumber文件切片大小
requestFunction封装好的axios,用于请求的工具函数
apiHeaderObject需要的特殊请求头
SparkMD5Function读取文件md5的工具函数(spark-md5直接安装这个包)
multipleBoolean是否可多选文件(建议不多选,大文件有瓶颈)

ok 开始上传,下面我们一步步来解析

第一步选取文件

handleClick() {
    this.$refs.input.value = null;
    this.$refs.input.click();
},

重置上一次的文件,接着主动触发input 的click事件

async handleChange(ev){
    const files = ev.target.files;
    if (!files) return;
    this.uploadExceedFiles(files);
},

uploadExceedFiles(files) {
    if (this.limit && this.fileList.length + files.length > this.limit) {
        //大于限制数量,父组件处理自己的逻辑
        this.onExceed && this.onExceed(files, this.fileList);
        return;
    }
    this.upload(files)
},

async upload(files){
    if (!this.beforeUpload) {
        this.readFile(files[0]);
    }
    const before = this.beforeUpload(files[0]);
    if(before) {
        this.readFile(files[0])
    }
},

触发input的change事件,开始判断是否已选取文件,接着判断文件个数,如果超出限制,会直接终止当前逻辑并将文件,以及文件列表抛给父组件的onExceed 函数,父组件自行给出提示,如果未超过限制,继续执行上传逻辑执行 upload 方法, upload 方法会调用beforeUpload 方法是否符合文件类型,如果返回ture, 继续执行,开始读取大文件的md5(这里是关键)

继续看readFile方法:

async readFile(files) {
    this.sliceFile(files);
    //注意这里,开始读取文件,会回调父组件的onreadingFile,告诉组件开始读取,此时父组件开始设置读取的loading 状态,读取完成之后再次调用会返回end表示读取结束,此时将loading状态改为false
    this.onReadingFile('start');
    const data = await this.getFileMD5(files);
    this.onReadingFile('end');
    //判断是否上传重复文件
    const hasSameFile = this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item=> item.hash ===data);
    if(hasSameFile === -1) {
        this.fileSparkMD5 = {md5Value:data,fileKey:files.name};
        const hasChuncks = await this.checkFile(data,files.name); //是否上传过
        let isSuccess = true; //同步上传成功标记
        //断点续传
        if(hasChuncks) {
            const hasEmptyChunk = this.isUploadChuncks.findIndex(item => item === 0);
            //上传过,并且已经完整上传,直接提示上传成功(秒传)
            if(hasEmptyChunk === -1) {
                let file = {
                    status: 'success',
                    percentage: 100,
                    uid: Date.now() + this.tempIndex++,
                    hash:data,
                    name:'',
                    url:''
                };
                this.uploadFiles.push(file);
                this.onSuccess(file);
                return;
            }  else {
                //处理续传逻辑,上传检测之后未上传的分片
                this.onStart(files,data);
                const emptyLength = this.isUploadChuncks.filter(item => item === 0);
                for(let k = 0; k < this.isUploadChuncks.length; k++) {
                    if(this.isUploadChuncks[k] !== 1) {
                        let formData = new FormData();
                        formData.append('totalNumber',this.fileChuncks.length);
                        formData.append("chunkSize",this.chunckSize);
                        formData.append("partNumber",k);
                        formData.append('uuid',this.fileSparkMD5.md5Value);
                        formData.append('name',this.fileSparkMD5.fileKey);
                        formData.append('file',new File([this.fileChuncks[k].fileChuncks],this.fileSparkMD5.fileKey))
                        //如果并发请求,走这里
                        if(this.concurrentUpload) {
                            this.post(formData,k,emptyLength.length,data); 
                        }else {
                            isSuccess = await this.post(formData,k,emptyLength.length,data);//这注意分片总数,因为进度条是根据分片个数来算的,所以分母应该是未上传的分片总数
                            if(!isSuccess) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                //兼容并发与同步请求操作,受服务器带宽影响,做并发与同步请求处理
                if(this.concurrentUpload) {
                    this.uploadSuccess();
                }else {
                    if(isSuccess) {
                        //执行玩循环,如果isSuccess还是true,说明所有分片已上传,可执行合并文件接口
                        this.mergeFile(this.fileSparkMD5,this.fileChuncks.length);
                    }else {
                        const index = this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === this.fileSparkMD5.md5Value);
                        this.$set(this.uploadFiles,index,{...this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error'}}); //后续拓展继续上传时可用
                        this.hanldeRemoveFile(this.uploadFiles[index]);
                        this.onError(this.uploadFiles[index]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }else {
            this.onStart(files,data);
            // this.sliceFile(files);
            //同步上传
            for(let i = 0; i < this.fileChuncks.length; i++) {
                let formData = new FormData();
                formData.append('totalNumber',this.fileChuncks.length);
                formData.append("chunkSize",this.chunckSize);
                formData.append("partNumber",i);
                formData.append('uuid',this.fileSparkMD5.md5Value);
                formData.append('name',this.fileSparkMD5.fileKey);
                formData.append('file',new File([this.fileChuncks[i].fileChuncks],this.fileSparkMD5.fileKey));
                if(this.concurrentUpload) {
                    this.post(formData,k,emptyLength.length,data); 
                }else {
                    isSuccess = await this.post(formData,i,this.fileChuncks.length,data);//这注意分片总数,因为进度条是根据分片个数来算的,所以分母应该是未上传的分片总数
                    if(!isSuccess) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            //兼容并发与同步请求操作,受服务器带宽影响,做并发与同步请求处理
            if(this.concurrentUpload) {
                this.uploadSuccess();
            }else {
                //循环所有的片段后,isSuccess依然为ture
                if(isSuccess) {
                    this.mergeFile(this.fileSparkMD5,this.fileChuncks.length);
                }else {
                    const index = this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === this.fileSparkMD5.md5Value);
                    this.$set(this.uploadFiles,index,{...this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error'}}); //后续拓展继续上传时可用
                    this.hanldeRemoveFile(this.uploadFiles[index]);
                    this.onError(this.uploadFiles[index]);
                }
            }
        }
    }else {
        this.$message.error('Please do not upload the same file repeatedly');
    }
},

onStart(rawFile,hash) {
    rawFile.uid = Date.now() + this.tempIndex++;
    let file = {
        status: 'ready',
        name: rawFile.name,
        size: rawFile.size,
        percentage: 0,
        uid: rawFile.uid,
        raw: rawFile,
        hash
    };
    this.uploadFiles.push(file);
    this.onChange(file, this.uploadFiles);
},

sliceFile (file) {
    //文件分片之后的集合
    const chuncks = [];
    let start = 0 ;
    let end;
    while(start < file.size) {
        end = Math.min(start + this.chunckSize,file.size);
        chuncks.push({fileChuncks:file.slice(start,end),fileName:file.name}); 
        start = end;
    }
    this.fileChuncks = [...chuncks];
},

 getFileMD5 (file){
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const fileReader = new FileReader();
        fileReader.onload = (e) =>{
            const fileMd5 = this.SparkMD5.ArrayBuffer.hash(e.target.result);
            resolve(fileMd5)
        }
        fileReader.onerror = (e) =>{
            reject('file read failure',e)
            this.onError(file,'file read failure')
        }
        fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(file);
    })
},

async checkFile(md5Hash,fileName) {
    const {code,data} = await this.request({url:`${this.checkApi}?uuid=${md5Hash}&fileName=${fileName}`, method: 'get'});
    if(code === 200) {
        if(data.length) {
            const newArr = new Array(Number(this.fileChuncks.length)).fill(0); // [1,1,0,1,1]
            const chunckNumberArr = data.map(item => item);
            chunckNumberArr.forEach((item,index) => {
                newArr[item] = 1
            });
            this.isUploadChuncks = [...newArr];
            return true;

        }else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

//并发请求,推入promise 数组中,通过allSettled 方法来判断,所有任务是否都为resove状态,如果有是,就进行合并文件
uploadSuccess() {
    Promise.allSettled(this.promiseArr).then(result=>{
        const hasReject = result.findIndex(item => item.status === 'rejected');
        if(hasReject === -1) {
            this.mergeFile(this.fileSparkMD5,this.fileChuncks.length);
        }else {
            const index = this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === result[hasReject].reason);
            this.$set(this.uploadFiles,index,{...this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error'}}); //后续拓展继续上传时可用
            this.hanldeRemoveFile(this.uploadFiles[index]);
            this.onError(this.uploadFiles[index]);
        }
    }).catch(e=>{
        this.onError(e);
    }).finally(e=>{
        this.promiseArr = [];
        this.uploadQuantity  = 0; //重置上传进度
    })
},

首先将文件开始切片,放入切片list中,接着开始读取文件,这里可以自行在父组件中调用 onReadingFile 方法设置loading状态,提升用户体验度。 接着会直接调用服务单接口,检查是否已经上传过,并将已上传的分片序号写入到一个isUploadChuncks list中,然后循环上传未上片段,这里会执行 onStart 方法,给每个文件一个初始对象,设置文件的初始状态,以及文件内容,插入到已上传的文件列表 uploadFiles 中,为后根据文件状态展示进度条,以及上传失败时删除对应文件列表做准备

划重点:调用接口,处理上传逻辑,这里主要分两种。前面提到过,服务端会有上传带宽的限制,如果一次性发送很多的文件请求,服务端是接受不了的。所以分2种,并发上传,和同步上传。post 方法会返回一个promise,并生成了一个以每个promise请求,组成的promise 集合

//file:当前文件,nowChunck:当前分片索引,totalChunck:当前需要上传文件分片的总数,hash:文件的唯一hash值
async post(file,nowChunck,totalChunck,hash) {
    let _this = this;
    const index = _this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === hash);
    _this.$set(_this.uploadFiles,index,{..._this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'uploading'}});
    const curPormise = new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        // 当上传完成时调用
        xhr.onload = function() {
            if (xhr.status === 200) {
                const index = _this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === hash);
                //大文件上传进度
                _this.uploadQuantity ++;
                _this.$set(_this.uploadFiles,index,{..._this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'uploading',percentage:_this.uploadQuantity / totalChunck * 100}});
                _this.onProgress(file,_this.uploadQuantity / totalChunck * 100);
                resolve(true);
            }else {
                _this.errorChuncks.push({file:file,nowChunck,totalChunck,hash});
                reject(false);
                _this.uploadQuantity = 0;
                const index = _this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === hash);
                _this.$set(_this.uploadFiles,index,{..._this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error'}}); //后续拓展继续上传时可用
                _this.hanldeRemoveFile(_this.uploadFiles[index]);
                _this.onError(_this.uploadFiles[index]);
            }
        }
        xhr.onerror = function(e) {
            _this.errorChuncks.push({file:file,nowChunck,totalChunck,hash});
            reject(false)
            _this.uploadQuantity = 0;
            const index = _this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === hash);
            _this.$set(_this.uploadFiles,index,{..._this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error'}}); //后续拓展继续上传时可用
            _this.hanldeRemoveFile(_this.uploadFiles[index]);
            _this.onError(_this.uploadFiles[index]);
        }
        // 发送请求
        xhr.open('POST', _this.uploadApi, true);
        if (_this.apiHeader?.withCredentials && 'withCredentials' in xhr) {
            xhr.withCredentials = true;
        }
        const headers = _this.apiHeader || {};
        for (let item in headers) {
            if (headers.hasOwnProperty(item) && headers[item] !== null) {
                xhr.setRequestHeader(item, headers[item]);
            }
        }
        xhr.send(file);
    });
    _this.promiseArr.push(curPormise);
    return curPormise;
},

通过父组件传递的concurrentUpload参数,决定是并发还是同步

uploadSuccess 为并发时逻辑,将所有的请求放入promise数组中,如果都成功进行合并文件

这里为同步,因为上面pormise如果成功resove(true),所以成功才会继续走递归发送请求,否者立马中断上传

最后就是合并文件,合并之后根据文件的MD5匹配,然后修改对应文件的status,通过状态隐藏进度条,这里成功之后会走onSuccess方法,这时可以在父组件放开上传按钮禁用的状态(看前面的逻辑,会在选择文件之后,禁用上传按钮)

async mergeFile (fileInfo,chunckTotal){
    const { md5Value,fileKey }  = fileInfo;
    const params = {
        totalNumber:chunckTotal,
        md5:md5Value,
        name:fileKey
    }
    const index = this.uploadFiles.findIndex(item => item.hash === md5Value);
    try {
        const {code,data} = await this.request({url:`${this.mergeApi}?uuid=${md5Value}`, method: 'get'});
        if(code === 200) {
            this.$set(this.uploadFiles,index,{...this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'success',url:data}}); //记得绑定url
            this.onSuccess(this.uploadFiles[index],data);
        }
    }catch(e) {
        this.$set(this.uploadFiles,index,{...this.uploadFiles[index],...{status: 'error',url:''}}); //记得绑定url
        this.hanldeRemoveFile(this.uploadFiles[index]);
        this.onError(this.uploadFiles[index]);
    }
    this.uploadQuantity = 0;
    this.errorChuncks = [];
},

最后看下在父组件中使用的案例

<BigUpload :SparkMD5="SparkMD5" :request="request" 
    :uploadApi="uploadApi" 
    :mergeApi="mergeApi" 
    :checkApi="checkApi"
    :fileList="videoFileList"
    :on-change="onChange"
    :on-remove="handleRemove"
    :on-progress="onProgress"
    :before-upload="beforeUpload"
    :on-exceed="onExceed"
    :on-success="onSuccess"
    :on-error="onError"
    :on-preview="onPreview"
    :on-reading-file="onReadingFile"
    :limit="10"
    :apiHeader="apiHeader"
    :accept='`mp4,avi,mov,wmv,3gp`'
>
    <el-button type="primary" :disabled="disabledUpload" :loading="loadingUpload">{{loadingUpload ? $t('workGuide.FileLoading') : $t('workGuide.ClickToUpload') }}</el-button>
     <div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">只能上传mp4,avi,mov,wmv,3gp文件,且不超过2G</div>
</BigUpload>

onChange(file,fileList) {
    this.disabledUpload = true;
},

//读取文件回调,大文件读取耗时较长,给一个loading状态过度
onReadingFile(value){
    value === 'start' ?  this.loadingUpload = true : this.loadingUpload = false;
},

beforeUpload(file) {
    const type = file.type.split('/')[0];
    const isVideo = type === 'video';
    const isLt2G = file.size / 1024 / 1024 < 2048;
    if (!isLt2G) {
        this.$message.error(this.$t('KOLProductBoard.MaximumSizeImages',{m:'2048'}))
    }
    else if (!isVideo) {
        this.$message.error(this.$t('workGuide.uploadFormatTip',{m:'mp4,avi,mov,wmv,3gp'}))
    }
    return isVideo && isLt2G;
},

//超过最大上传数量回调
onExceed(file,fileList) {
    this.$message.warning(this.$t('KOLProductBoard.MaximumLimitImages', { m: '10'}));
},

//上传进度回调
onProgress(file,percentage) {

},

//预览回调
onPreview({url}) {
    this.bigImageUrl = url;
    this.showBigImage = true;
},

onSuccess(file,url) {
    this.videoFileList.push(file);
    this.disabledUpload = false;
    this.$message.success(this.$t('KOL需求管理.UploadSuccessful'));
},

onError(file,reason) {
    //reason 是在浏览器读取文件失败时特有的参数
    //禁用上传
    this.disabledUpload = false;
    if(reason) {
        this.loadingUpload = false;
        this.$message.error(reason);
    }else {
        this.$message.success(this.$t('workGuide.UploadFailed'));
    }
},

handleRemove(file,fileList) {
    this.videoFileList = [...fileList];
},

这里有2个状态"disabledUpload"(当文件选择后禁用上传按钮,知道上传成功放开限制)"loadingUpload"(在读取文件md5的过程中,开启loading状态)都是通过不同的钩子函数来控制

附源码git地址

代码没有精简,时间仓促,目前是使用在自己的项目中,有不完善和错误的地方,欢迎大家指出

以上就是基于element-ui自定义封装大文件上传组件的案例分享的详细内容,更多关于element-ui封装大文件上传组件的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!

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