Vue3.0实现图片预览组件(媒体查看器)功能
作者:山楂树の
前言:
最近项目中有个场景,一组图片、视频、音频、文件数据,要求点击图片可以放大预览,左右可以切换音视频、文件,支持鼠标及各种键控制 缩放,左右旋转,移动等功能,整理了一下,封了个组件,注释很全面,每块地方都有讲解,可以直接拿到项目中使用
先看下效果:
关于传值:
(必传)传入url数组urlList,传入图片所处index,也就是在数组中的索引
(非必传)是否支持无限滚动?是否支持ESC键退出?是否支持点击遮罩层退出?是否需要工具栏?
关于图片的相关特效:
定义一个transform样式对象,包含缩放scale、旋转deg、移动offsetX|offsetY、动画enableTransition,可在computed计算中返回由此对象组成的css样式对象,在模板中对图片绑定,当去触发特效相关各类事件时,改变对象里某个值,则会重新捕获对象的改变执行computed,去实时更新图片样式
1. 缩放操作: 可以通过鼠标滚动上下滑动、键盘上下键up/down、组件内部工具栏按钮这三种方式去控制此特效,定义一个缩放比,即每次缩放的程度,可以根据项目场景自行定义,我这里键盘控制、按钮点击为1.4,鼠标滚轮偏小为1.2, 每次缩放让初始化的样式对象的scale每次乘或除以这个值即可,当然无限缩小无限放大肯定不行,需要定义一个最小最大值控制
2. 旋转操作: 定义一个旋转常量为90度,顺时针旋转让初始化样式对象deg累加这个值,逆时针相反即可
3. 移动操作: 顾名思义,也就是在遮罩层内可以通过鼠标对图片进行移动,在鼠标按下事件内,监听鼠标移动事件,每次移动记录下当前鼠标位置,计算offsetX也就是图片要移动的translateX为:移动前的距页面左侧距离offsetX加上当前的鼠标位置event.pageX - 移动前的鼠标位置; 上下移动同理
4. 动画过渡: 根据特效的触发方式决定是否需要过渡,我这里对通过鼠标操作缩放时没有定义动画,其余操作方式建议都要加上
关于图片初始化展示:
如果想要图片能够自适应在遮罩层的容器内,并且保证图片不变形且宽或高不溢出容器,那么就不应该定死宽高或者是不去定义宽高,我这里解决办法是对图片进行等比例的缩放,具体算法就不在这里过多讲解了,详情见文末:附属,图片等比例缩放算法(计算缩放后的宽高)
关于音视频展示:
视频我这里用的是 vue3-video-play 这个插件,ui和功能各方面整体感觉很棒,算是对Vue 3.0支持比较好的一个吧,详情可以参考:https://codelife.cc/vue3-video-play/
音频用的是原生audio,用法很方便,没什么可讲的,具体看代码
关于抛出数据:
顶部中间一般为图片当前索引index/总长度,当然默认的为这样,抛出index,可以自定义这块地方插槽的使用,顶部左侧插槽也暴露当前index,其实当前组件最需要的数据也莫过于index,暴露方法中也基本都有抛出
附上完整代码
<template> <teleport to='body'> <transition> <div class="el-image-viewer__wrapper" :tabindex="-1" ref="imageViewer" :style="{ zIndex: computedZIndex }"> <!-- MASK --> <div class="el-image-viewer__mask" @click.self="isClickToDisappear && hide"></div> <!-- CLOSE --> <span class="el-image-viewer__btn el-image-viewer__close" @click="hide"> <el-icon> <Close /> </el-icon> </span> <!-- HEADER --> <div class="image-viewer-header" v-if="isTools"> <div class="header-left"> <span class="header-file-name"> <slot name="title" :index="index"></slot> </span> <slot name="left" :index="index"></slot> </div> <div class="header-center"> <slot name="content" :index="index"> {{ index + 1 }} / {{ urlList.length }} </slot> </div> </div> <!-- ACTIONS --> <div class="el-image-viewer__btn el-image-viewer__actions" v-if="isFileType(urlList[index]) === 'img' && isTools"> <div class="el-image-viewer__actions__inner"> <el-icon @click="handleActions('zoomOut')"> <ZoomOut /> </el-icon> <el-icon @click="handleActions('zoomIn')"> <ZoomIn /> </el-icon> <el-icon @click="toggleMode"> <component :is="icons.default[mode.icon]"></component> </el-icon> <el-icon @click="handleActions('anticlockwise')"> <RefreshLeft /> </el-icon> <el-icon @click="handleActions('clockwise')"> <RefreshRight /> </el-icon> </div> </div> <!-- ARROW --> <template v-if="!isSingle"> <span class="el-image-viewer__btn el-image-viewer__prev" @click="prev"> <el-icon> <ArrowLeftBold /> </el-icon> </span> <span class="el-image-viewer__btn el-image-viewer__next" @click="next"> <el-icon> <ArrowRightBold /> </el-icon> </span> </template> <!-- CANVAS --> <div id="image-viewer-canvas" class="el-image-viewer__canvas"> <div v-for="(url, i) in urlList" :key="url" style="display: flex" :data-id="url"> <!-- 图片显示 --> <img v-if="i === index && isFileType(url) === 'img'" v-loading="loading" :src="url" :style="[mediaStyle, { width: 'auto', height: imgHeight }]" class="el-image-viewer__img" @load="handleImgLoad" @error="handleMediaError" @mousedown="handleMouseDown" /> <!-- 视频显示 --> <videoPlay v-if="(i === index && isFileType(url) === 'video')" :src="url" class="el-image-viewer__img" @load="handleMediaLoad" @error="handlePlayError(i)" @mousedown="handleMouseDown"> </videoPlay> <!-- 音频显示 --> <audio controls="controls" v-if="i === index && isFileType(url) === 'audio'" :src="url" class="el-image-viewer__img" @load="handleMediaLoad" @error="handleMediaError"></audio> <!-- 文本文件显示 --> <div v-if="i === index && ['file', 'text'].includes(isFileType(url))" class="image-viewer-tips"> <span class="image-unknown-file-type-view"></span> <p> 我们不能预览该文件。<br> 您要先下载文件以查看。 </p> <div class="image-viewer-download" @click="download(url)"> <span class="icon-download"></span> 下载 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </transition> </teleport> </template> <script lang="ts"> import 'element-plus/es/components/image-viewer/style/css' import "vue3-video-play/dist/style.css"; import * as icons from './mediaIcons' import { videoPlay } from "vue3-video-play/dist/index.es"; import { fileType, transformImgRatio } from "@/utils/dataUtils"; // fileType 判断文件后缀方法; transformImgRatio 等比例计算图片宽高方法 import { isNumber, useEventListener } from '@vueuse/core' import { PropType } from 'vue'; import { useZIndex } from 'element-plus'; export default defineComponent({ name: 'imageViewerUtil', props: { urlList: { // url数组 type: Array as PropType<string[]>, default: () => [] }, imgIndex: { // 当前文件所处位置,也是在数组中的索引 type: Number, default: 0 }, isTools: { // 是否需要工具栏 type: Boolean, default: true }, isInfinite: { // 是否支持无限循环滚动 type: Boolean, default: true }, zIndex: { // 层级 type: Number }, closeOnPressEscape: { // 是否支持ESC键退出 type: Boolean, default: true }, isClickToDisappear: { // 是否支持通过点击遮罩层关闭 type: Boolean, default: false } }, emits: ['close', 'download', 'prevIndex', 'nextIndex'], setup(props, { emit }) { const global = getCurrentInstance().appContext.config.globalProperties const { nextZIndex } = useZIndex() const modes = { // 模式对象 CONTAIN: { name: 'contain', icon: 'IconEpFullScreen', }, ORIGINAL: { name: 'original', icon: 'IconEpScaleToOriginal', }, } const mode = shallowRef(modes.ORIGINAL) // 模式 const EVENT_CODE = { // 按钮对象 left: 'ArrowLeft', // 37 up: 'ArrowUp', // 38 right: 'ArrowRight', // 39 down: 'ArrowDown', // 40 esc: 'Escape', space: 'Backspace' } const imageViewer = ref<HTMLDivElement>() const data = reactive({ index: 0, // 图片索引,也是在数组中的位置 loading: true, // 处理加载 imgHeight: '', // 处理图片高 transform: { scale: 1, // 缩放比 deg: 0, // 旋转角度 offsetX: 0, offsetY: 0, enableTransition: false // 是否需要过渡 } }) // 是否是火狐 const isFirefox = (): boolean => /firefox/i.test(window.navigator.userAgent) // 鼠标滚轮事件,火狐的不同 const mousewheelEventName = isFirefox() ? 'DOMMouseScroll' : 'mousewheel' const computedZIndex = computed(() => { // 计算z-index值 return isNumber(props.zIndex) ? props.zIndex : nextZIndex() }) const isSingle = computed(() => { // 是否是单张 return props.urlList.length <= 1 }) const isFirst = computed(() => { // 是否是第一张 return data.index === 0 }) const isLast = computed(() => { // 是否是最后一张 return data.index === props.urlList.length - 1 }) const isFileType = computed(() => { // 判断文件类型 return (url: string) => { return fileType(url.split('?')[0]) } }) const mediaStyle = computed(() => { // 图片css特效对象 const { scale, deg, offsetX, offsetY, enableTransition } = data.transform let translateX = offsetX / scale let translateY = offsetY / scale switch (deg % 360) { case 90: case -270: ;[translateX, translateY] = [translateY, -translateX] break case 180: case -180: ;[translateX, translateY] = [-translateX, -translateY] break case 270: case -90: ;[translateX, translateY] = [-translateY, translateX] break } return { transform: `scale(${scale}) rotate(${deg}deg) translate(${translateX}px, ${translateY}px)`, transition: enableTransition ? 'transform .3s' : '' } }) const handleImgLoad = (e) => { // 处理加载图片后的操作 // 计算图片等比例缩放后的宽高 const { clientWidth, clientHeight } = document.querySelector('#image-viewer-canvas') // 当前遮罩容器 const { width, height } = transformImgRatio(e.target.width, e.target.height, clientWidth, clientHeight - 40) // 计算等比例缩放后的图片宽高 data.imgHeight = height + 'px' data.loading = false } const hide = () => { // 关闭 emit('close') } const prev = () => { // 上一张 if (!props.isInfinite && !data.index) return ElMessage({ type: 'info', message: '已经是第一张了!' }) data.index = (data.index - 1 + props.urlList.length) % props.urlList.length resetStyle() emit('prevIndex', data.index) } const next = () => { // 下一张 if (!props.isInfinite && data.index === props.urlList.length - 1) return ElMessage({ type: 'info', message: '已经是最后一张了!' }) data.index = (data.index + 1 + props.urlList.length) % props.urlList.length resetStyle() emit('nextIndex', data.index) } const keydownHandler = (e: event) => { // 键盘事件 switch (e.code) { case EVENT_CODE.esc: // Escape props.closeOnPressEscape && hide() break; case EVENT_CODE.left: // ArrowLeft prev() break; case EVENT_CODE.right: // ArrowRight next() break; case EVENT_CODE.up: // ArrowUp handleActions('zoomIn') break; case EVENT_CODE.down: // ArrowDown handleActions('zoomOut') break; case EVENT_CODE.space: // Backspace toggleMode() break } e.preventDefault() } const mousewheelHandler = (e: WheelEvent | any /* TODO: wheelDelta is deprecated */) => { // 鼠标滚轮事件 const delta = e.wheelDelta ? e.wheelDelta : -e.detail // 考虑Firefox if (delta > 0) { // 向上 handleActions('zoomIn', { zooRate: 1.2, enableTransition: false }) } else { // 向下 handleActions('zoomOut', { zooRate: 1.2, enableTransition: false }) } } const handleActions = (action: any, option = {}) => { // 各类指令操作 const { zoomRate, rotateDeg, enableTransition } = { // 定义常规特效 zoomRate: 1.4, rotateDeg: 90, enableTransition: true, ...option, } switch (action) { case 'zoomOut': // 缩小 if (data.transform.scale > 0.2) data.transform.scale = parseFloat((data.transform.scale / zoomRate).toFixed(3)) break; case 'zoomIn': // 放大 if (data.transform.scale < 6) data.transform.scale = parseFloat((data.transform.scale * zoomRate).toFixed(3)) break; case 'anticlockwise': // 逆时针旋转 data.transform.deg -= rotateDeg break; case 'clockwise': // 顺时针旋转 data.transform.deg += rotateDeg break; } data.transform.enableTransition = enableTransition } const resetStyle = () => { // 左右切换重置transform对象 data.transform = { scale: 1, deg: 0, enableTransition: false } } const handleMediaLoad = (e: event) => { // 加载处理 data.loading = false } const handleMediaError = () => { // 图片 音频失败处理 data.loading = false } const handlePlayError = (index: number) => { // 视频失败处理 props.urlList[index] = props.urlList[index].split('?')[0] + '?v=' + new Date().getTime() } const download = (url: string) => { // 文件类型抛出url emit('download', url) } const toggleMode = () => { if (data.loading) return const modeNames = Object.keys(modes) const modeValues = Object.values(modes) const currentMode = mode.value.name const index = modeValues.findIndex((i) => i.name === currentMode) const nextIndex = (index + 1) % modeNames.length mode.value = modes[modeNames[nextIndex]] resetStyle() } const handleMouseDown = (e: MouseEvent) => { // 处理鼠标按下事件 data.transform.enableTransition = false const { offsetX, offsetY } = data.transform const startX = e.pageX const startY = e.pageY // 拖拽事件 const dragHandler = (ev: MouseEvent) => { data.transform = { ...data.transform, offsetX: offsetX + ev.pageX - startX, offsetY: offsetY + ev.pageY - startY, } } // 添加鼠标移动事件监听 const removeMousemove = useEventListener(document, 'mousemove', dragHandler) useEventListener(document, 'mouseup', () => { removeMousemove() }) e.preventDefault() } watch(() => props.imgIndex, () => { data.index = props.imgIndex }, { immediate: true }) onMounted(() => { // 优化注册事件监听 useEventListener(document, 'keydown', keydownHandler) useEventListener(document, mousewheelEventName, mousewheelHandler) imageViewer.value?.focus?.() }) return { ...toRefs(data), computedZIndex, mediaStyle, isFileType, isSingle, isFirst, isLast, mode, icons, hide, prev, next, handleImgLoad, handleActions, handleMediaLoad, handlePlayError, handleMediaError, toggleMode, download, handleMouseDown } } }) </script> <style lang="scss" scoped> :deep(.el-image-viewer__canvas) { //height: calc(100% - 180px); align-items: center; height: calc(100% - 40px); } :deep(.el-image-viewer__actions) { height: 40px; right: 50px; top: 0; left: auto; z-index: inherit; transform: none; padding: 0; background: none; border-radius: 0; } :deep(.el-image-viewer__actions__divider) { display: none; } :deep(.el-image-viewer__next) { width: 64px; height: 100px; background: transparent; border-radius: 6px 0px 0px 6px; opacity: 0.8; right: 0; top: 45%; .el-icon { color: #999999; font-size: 50px; } } :deep(.el-image-viewer__prev) { width: 64px; height: 100px; background: transparent; border-radius: 0px 6px 6px 0px; opacity: 0.8; left: 0; top: 45%; .el-icon { color: #999999; font-size: 50px; } } .el-image-viewer__next:hover, .el-image-viewer__prev:hover { background: #000000; opacity: 1; } :deep(.el-image-viewer__mask) { opacity: 0.8; } :deep(.el-image-viewer__close) { height: 40px; z-index: 56; top: 0; right: 10px; background: transparent; } .image-viewer-carousel { height: 140px; background: #000000; z-index: 50; padding: 20px; position: relative; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } .image-viewer-header { background-color: #000000; box-sizing: border-box; border-spacing: 0; width: 100%; height: 40px; z-index: 55; position: relative; z-index: 55; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center; line-height: 40px; .header-left { position: absolute; } } .header-file-icon { width: 24px; height: 50px; display: inline-block; margin-left: 20px; background-image: url(../../../../assets/svg/image-icon.svg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50% 50%; /*这个是按从左往右,从上往下的百分比位置进行调整*/ background-size: 100% 60%; /*按比例缩放*/ } .header-file-name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin: 0 20px; } .image-viewer-tips { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); color: #fff; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; min-width: 490px; padding: 35px 100px; line-height: 2em; border-radius: 5px; z-index: 56; } .image-unknown-file-type-view { display: inline-block; width: 96px; height: 96px; background-size: contain; background: url(../../../../assets/svg/file-icon.svg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center center; background-size: contain; } .image-viewer-download { box-sizing: border-box; background: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 3.01px; color: #333; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; height: 2.14285714em; line-height: 1.42857143; margin: 0; padding: 4px 10px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; margin: 20px 10px 0 10px; .icon-download { position: relative; top: 4px; background: url(../../../../assets/svg/download.svg) no-repeat 0 0; border: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: -999em; vertical-align: text-bottom; display: inline-block; text-align: left; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: text-top; height: 16px; width: 16px; } } </style>
附属
图片等比例缩放算法(计算缩放后的宽高)
让图片能够自适应父容器的宽高,并且保证图片不变形不溢出,那么就需要对图片进行等比例缩放,拿到缩放后的宽高重新赋值即可,具体算法如下:
// 分别传入图片宽高、父容器宽高 const transformImgRatio = (imgWidth, imgHeight, containerWidth, containerHeight) => { let [ // 用于设定图片的宽和高 tempWidth, tempHeight, ] = [ 0, 0 ] try { imgWidth = parseFloat(imgWidth) imgHeight = parseFloat(imgHeight) containerWidth = parseFloat(containerWidth) containerHeight = parseFloat(containerHeight) } catch (error) { throw new Error('抱歉,我只接收数值类型或者可以转成数值类型的参数') } if (imgWidth > 0 && imgHeight > 0) { //原图片宽高比例 大于 指定的宽高比例,这就说明了原图片的宽度必然 > 高度 if (imgWidth / imgHeight >= containerWidth / containerHeight) { if (imgWidth > containerWidth) { tempWidth = containerWidth // 按原图片的比例进行缩放 tempHeight = (imgHeight * containerWidth) / imgWidth } else { // 按照图片的大小进行缩放 tempWidth = imgWidth tempHeight = imgHeight } } else { // 原图片的高度必然 > 宽度 if (imgHeight > containerHeight) { tempHeight = containerHeight // 按原图片的比例进行缩放 tempWidth = (imgWidth * containerHeight) / imgHeight } else { // 按原图片的大小进行缩放 tempWidth = imgWidth tempHeight = imgHeight } } } return { width: tempWidth, height: tempHeight } }
到此这篇关于Vue3.0实现图片预览组件(媒体查看器)的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Vue图片预览组件内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!