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Vue中的Ajax 配置代理slot插槽的方法详解

作者:怀梦

这篇文章主要介绍了Vue中的Ajax 配置代理 slot插槽的相关知识,本文通过实例代码给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

4.1.Vue脚手架配置代理

本案例需要下载axiosnpm install axios

配置参考文档Vue-Cli devServer.proxy

vue.config.js 是一个可选的配置文件,如果项目的 (和 package.json 同级的) 根目录中存在这个文件,那么它会被 @vue/cli-service 自动加载。你也可以使用 package.json 中的 vue 字段,但是注意这种写法需要你严格遵照 **JSON **的格式来写

4.1.1.方法一

vue.config.js中添加如下配置

module.exports = { 
devServer : { 
  proxy:"http://localhost:5000" 
  } 
}

说明

4.1.2.方法二

编写vue.config.js配置具体代理规则

module.exports = {
  devServer: {
    proxy: {
      '/api1': {                            // 匹配所有以 '/api1'开头的请求路径
        target: 'http://localhost:5000',    // 代理目标的基础路径
        pathRewrite: {'^/api1':''},         // 代理往后端服务器的请求去掉 /api1 前缀
        ws: true,                           // 用于支持websocket,默认值为true
        changeOrigin: true                  // 用于控制请求头中的host值,默认值为true 
      },
      '/api2': {
        target: 'http://localhost:5001',
        pathRewrite: {'^/api2': ''},
        changeOrigin: true
      }
    }
  }
}
/**
 * changeOrigin设置为true时,服务器收到的请求头中的host为:localhost:5000
 * changeOrigin设置为false时,服务器收到的请求头中的host为:localhost:8080
 * changeOrigin默认值为true
 */

说明

vue.config.js

const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = {
  pages: {
    index: {
      // page 的入口
      entry: './src/main.js'
    }
  },
  // 关闭语法检查
  lintOnSave: false,
  // 开启代理服务器 (方式一)
  // devServer: { 
  //   proxy:"http://localhost:5000" 
  // }
  // 开启代理服务器 (方式二)
  devServer: {
    proxy: {
      '/api1': {
        target: 'http://localhost:5000',
        pathRewrite: {
          '^/api1': ''
        }
        // ws: true, //用于支持websocket,默认值为true
        // changeOrigin: true //用于控制请求头中的host值,默认值为true , 
      },
      '/api2': {
        target: 'http://localhost:5001',
        pathRewrite: {
          '^/api2': ''
        },
      }
    }
  }
}

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="getStudents">获取学生信息</button>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import axios from 'axios';
    export default { 
        name:'App',
        methods: {
            getStudents() {
                axios.get('http://localhost:8080/api1/students').then(
                    response => { 
                        console.log('请求成功了',response.data);
                    },
                    error => { 
                        console.log('请求失败了',error.message);
                    }
                )
            },
            getCars() {
                axios.get('http://localhost:8080/api2/cars').then(
                    response => { 
                        console.log('请求成功了',response.data); 
                    },
                    error => { 
                        console.log('请求失败了',error.message); 
                    }
                );
            }
        }
    }
</script>

4.2.GitHub用户搜索案例

public/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <!-- 针对IE游览器的一个特殊配置,含义是让IE游览器以最高的渲染级别渲染页面 -->
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <!-- 开启移动端的理想视口 -->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 配置页签图标 -->
    <link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico" rel="external nofollow" >
    <!-- 引入bootstrap样式 --> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="<%= BASE_URL %>css/bootstrap.css" rel="external nofollow" >
    <!-- 配置网页的标题 -->
    <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- 当游览器不支持js时noscript中的元素就会被渲染-->
    <noscript>
      <strong>We're sorry but <%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %> doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.</strong>
    </noscript>
    <!-- 容器 -->
    <div id="app"></div>
    <!-- built files will be auto injected -->
  </body>
</html>

src/main.js

import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  render: h => h(App),
  beforeCreate() {
    Vue.prototype.$bus = this; // 安装全局事件总线
  }
})

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Search/>
        <List/>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Search from './components/Search.vue';
    import List from './components/List.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Search,
            List
        },
    }
</script>

src/components/Search.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Search/>
        <List/>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Search from './components/Search.vue';
    import List from './components/List.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Search,
            List
        },
    }
</script>

src/components/List.vue

<template>
    <section class="jumbotron">
        <h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
        <div>
            <input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>&nbsp;
            <button @click="searchUsers">Search</button>
        </div>
    </section>
</template>
<script>
    import axios from "axios";
    export default {
        name: "Search",
        data() {
            return {
                keyWord: ""
            };
        },
        methods: {
            searchUsers() {
                // 请求前更新List的数据
                this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                    isLoading: true,
                    errMsg: "",
                    users: [],
                    isFirst: false,
                });
                axios.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
                    (response) => {
                        console.log("请求成功了");
                        // 请求成功后更新List的数据
                        this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                            isLoading: false,
                            errMsg: "",
                            users: response.data.items
                        });
                    },
                    (error) => {
                        // 请求后更新List的数据
                        this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                            isLoading: false,
                            errMsg: error.message,
                            users: []
                        });
                    }
                );
            }
        }
    }
</script>

4.3.vue-resource

vue项目常用的两个Ajax

下载vue-resourcenpm i vue-resource

src/main.js

import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
import vueResource from 'vue-resource';
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
Vue.use(vueResource);
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  render: h => h(App),
  beforeCreate() {
    Vue.prototype.$bus = this; // 安装全局事件总线
  }
})

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Search/>
        <List/>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Search from './components/Search.vue';
    import List from './components/List.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Search,
            List
        },
    }
</script>

src/components/Search.vue

<template>
    <section class="jumbotron">
        <h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
        <div>
            <input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>&nbsp;
            <button @click="searchUsers">Search</button>
        </div>
    </section>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Search",
        data() {
            return {
                keyWord: ""
            };
        },
        methods: {
            searchUsers() {
                // 请求前更新List的数据
                this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                    isLoading: true,
                    errMsg: "",
                    users: [],
                    isFirst: false,
                });
                this.$http.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
                    (response) => {
                        console.log("请求成功了");
                        // 请求成功后更新List的数据
                        this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                            isLoading: false,
                            errMsg: "",
                            users: response.data.items
                        });
                    },
                    (error) => {
                        // 请求后更新List的数据
                        this.$bus.$emit("updateListData", {
                            isLoading: false,
                            errMsg: error.message,
                            users: []
                        });
                    }
                );
            }
        }
    }
</script>

src/components/List.vue

<template>
    <div class="row">
        <!-- 展示用户列表 -->
        <div
                v-show="info.users.length"
                class="card"
                v-for="user in info.users"
                :key="user.login"
        >
            <a :href="user.html_url" rel="external nofollow"  target="_blank">
                <img :src="user.avatar_url" style="width: 100px" />
            </a>
            <p class="card-text">{{ user.login }}</p>
        </div>
        <!-- 展示欢迎词 -->
        <h1 v-show="info.isFirst">欢迎使用!</h1>
        <!-- 展示加载中 -->
        <h1 v-show="info.isLoading">加载中....</h1>
        <!-- 展示错误信息 -->
        <h1 v-show="info.errMsg">{{ info.errMsg }}</h1>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "List",
        data() {
            return {
                info: {
                    isFirst: true,
                    isLoading: false,
                    errMsg: "",
                    users: [],
                }
            }
        },
        mounted() {
            this.$bus.$on("updateListData", (dataObj) => {
                    this.info = { ...this.info, ...dataObj };
                }
            );
        }
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
    album {
        min-height: 50rem; /* Can be removed; just added for demo purposes */
        padding-top: 3rem;
        padding-bottom: 3rem;
        background-color: #f7f7f7;
    }
    .card {
        float: left;
        width: 33.333%;
        padding: 0.75rem;
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
        border: 1px solid #efefef;
        text-align: center;
    }
    .card > img {
        margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
        border-radius: 100px;
    }
    .card-text {
        font-size: 85%;
    }
</style>

4.4.slot 插槽

<slot>插槽:让父组件可以向子组件指定位置插入html结构,也是一种组件间通信的方式,适用于 父组件 ===> 子组件

1.默认插槽

父组件中: 
  <Category> 
    <div>html结构1</div> 
  </Category> 
子组件中:Category 
  <template> 
    <div> 
      <!-- 定义插槽 --> 
      <slot>插槽默认内容...</slot> 
    </div> 
  </template>

2.具名插槽,父组件指明放入子组件的哪个插槽slot=“footer”,如果是template可以写成v-slot:footer

父组件中: 
  <Category> 
    <template slot="center"> 
      <div>html结构1</div> 
    </template> 
    <template v-slot:footer>
      <div>html结构2</div> 
    </template> 
  </Category>
子组件中: 
  <template> 
    <div> 
      <!-- 定义插槽 --> 
      <slot name="center">插槽默认内容...</slot> 
      <slot name="footer">插槽默认内容...</slot> 
    </div> 
  </template>

3.作用域插槽,scope用于父组件往子组件插槽放的html结构接收子组件的数据;理解:数据在组件的自身,但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定(games数据在Category组件中,但使用数据所遍历出来的结构由App组件决定)

注意:关于样式,既可以写在父组件中,解析后放入子组件插槽;也可以放在子组件中,传给子组件再解析

父组件中: 
  <Category> 
    <template scope="scopeData"> 
      <!-- 生成的是ul列表 --> 
      <ul> 
        <li v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</li> 
      </ul> 
    </template>
  <Category> 
    <template slot-scope="scopeData"> 
    <!-- 生成的是h4标题 --> 
    <h4 v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</h4> 
    </template> 
  </Category>
子组件中:
  <template> 
    <div> 
      <slot :games="games"></slot> 
    </div> 
  </template>
  <script> 
    export default { 
      name:'Category', props:['title'], 
      //数据在子组件自身 
      data() { 
        return { 
          games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'] 
        } 
      },
    } 
  </script>

4.4.1.默认插槽

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Category title="美食">
            <img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="">
        </Category>
        <Category title="游戏">
            <ul>
                <li v-for="(item, index) in games" :key="index">{{item}}</li>
            </ul>
        </Category>
        <Category title="电影">
            <video controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
        </Category>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Category from './components/Category.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Category
        },
        data() {
            return {
                foods: ['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾','牛排'],
                games: ['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'],
                films:['《教父》','《拆弹专家》','《你好,李焕英》','《尚硅谷》']
            }
        }
    }
</script>
<style>
    .container {
        display: flex;justify-content: space-around;
    }
</style>

src/components/Category.vue

<template>
    <div class="category">
        <h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
        <!-- 定义一个插槽(挖个坑,等着组件的使用者进行填充) -->
        <slot>我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现</slot>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Category",
        props:['title']
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
    .category {
        background-color: skyblue;
        width: 200px;
        height: 300px;
    }
    h3 {
        text-align: center;
        background-color: orange;
    }
    video {
        width: 100%;
    }
    img {
        width: 100%;
    }
</style>

4.4.2.具名插槽

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Category title="美食">
            <img slot="center" src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="" >
            <a slot="footer" href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >更多美食</a>
        </Category>
        <Category title="游戏">
            <ul slot="center">
                <li v-for="(item, index) in games" :key="index">{{item}}</li>
            </ul>
            <div class="foot" slot="footer">
                <a href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单机游戏</a> 
                <a href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >网络游戏</a>
            </div>
        </Category>
        <Category title="电影">
            <video slot="center" controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
            <template v-slot:footer>
                <div class="foot">
                    <a href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >经典</a> 
                    <a href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >热门</a> 
                    <a href="http://www.atguigu.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >推荐</a>
                </div>
                <h4>欢迎前来观影</h4>
            </template>
        </Category>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Category from './components/Category.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Category
        },
        data() {
            return {
                foods: ['火锅','烧烤','小龙虾','牛排'],
                games: ['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽'],
                films:['《教父》','《拆弹专家》','《你好,李焕英》','《尚硅谷》']
            }
        }
    }
</script>
<style>
    .container,.foot {
        display: flex;justify-content: space-around;
    }
    h4{text-align: center;}
</style>

src/components/Category.vue

<template>
    <div class="category">
        <h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
        <!-- 定义一个插槽(挖个坑,等着组件的使用者进行填充) -->
        <slot name="center">我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现1</slot>
        <slot name="footer">我是一些默认值,当使用者没有传递具体结构时,我会出现2</slot>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Category",
        props:['title']
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
    .category {
        background-color: skyblue;
        width: 200px;
        height: 300px;
    }
    h3 {
        text-align: center;
        background-color: orange;
    }
    video {
        width: 100%;
    }
    img {
        width: 100%;
    }
</style>

4.4.3.作用域插槽

src/App.vue

<template>
    <div class="container">
        <Category title="游戏">
            <template scope="liqb">
                <ul>
                    <li v-for="(item, index) in liqb.games" :key="index">{{item}}</li>
                </ul>
            </template>
        </Category>
        <Category title="游戏">
            <template scope="{games}">
                <ol>
                    <li style="color:red" v-for="(item, index) in games" :key="index">{{item}}</li>
                </ol>
            </template>
        </Category>
        <Category title="游戏">
            <template slot-scope="{games}">
                <h4 v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</h4>
            </template>
        </Category>
    </div>
</template> 
<script> 
    // 引入组件
    import Category from './components/Category.vue';
    export default {
        name:'App',
        components:{
            Category
        }
    }
</script>
<style>
    .container,.foot {
        display: flex;justify-content: space-around;
    }
    h4{text-align: center;}
</style>

src/components/Category.vue

<template>
    <div class="category">
        <h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
        <slot :games="games" msg="hello">我是默认的一些内容</slot>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Category",
        props:['title'],
        data() {
            return {
                games: ['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽']
            }
        }
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
    .category {
        background-color: skyblue;
        width: 200px;
        height: 300px;
    }
    h3 {
        text-align: center;
        background-color: orange;
    }
    video {
        width: 100%;
    }
    img {
        width: 100%;
    }
</style>

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