Vue 打包优化之externals抽离公共的第三方库详解
作者:天問
一、前言
用 @vue/cli
脚手架构建的 Vue 全家桶项目,默认配置下,打包后会把 vue
、vue-router
、axios
、vuex
、element-ui
、echarts
等公共库打包在一起,导致基础 chunk
、vendor
包体积特别大,有时一个文件能达到 3-5MB,这会大大影响首次加载速度。因此需要抽离第三方公共库,配合使用 CDN 加速。
Vue Externals
项目依赖
{ "name": "vue-web", "version": "1.0.0", "private": true, "scripts": { "start": "vue-cli-service serve --mode local", "dev": "vue-cli-service serve --mode dev", "test": "vue-cli-service build --mode test", "serve": "vue-cli-service serve ", "s": "nodemon --watch vue.config.js --exec \"npm start\"", "build": "vue-cli-service build", "build:az": "vue-cli-service build --report", "git": "tive git -c tive.git.config.js", "lint": "vue-cli-service lint" }, "dependencies": { "axios": "^0.18.1", "d3": "^6.7.0", "dagre-d3": "^0.6.4", "echarts": "^5.3.3", "element-ui": "^2.15.9", "v-clipboard": "^2.2.3", "vue": "^2.7.10", "vue-router": "^3.6.5", "vuex": "^3.6.2" }, "devDependencies": { "@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "^3.12.1", "@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "^3.12.1", "@vue/cli-service": "^3.12.1", "compression-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0", "html-webpack-externals-plugin": "^3.8.0", "less": "^3.13.1", "less-loader": "^4.1.0", "msw": "^0.47.3", "msw-tools": "latest", "uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^2.2.0", "vue-template-compiler": "^2.7.10", "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.7.0" }, "eslintConfig": { "root": true, "env": { "node": true }, "extends": [ "plugin:vue/essential", "eslint:recommended" ], "rules": {}, "parserOptions": { "parser": "babel-eslint" } }, "postcss": { "plugins": { "autoprefixer": {} } }, "browserslist": [ "> 1%", "last 2 versions", "not dead", "not ie 11" ], "msw": { "workerDirectory": "public" } }
案例:项目整体使用了 element-ui
,其中后台服务消费监控可视化引入了 echarts
,元数据表血缘关系图使用了 d3
和 dagre-d3
,这几个库本身体积就不小,打包到一起后体积更大。
二、优化配置
- 安装
html-webpack-externals-plugin
npm i -D html-webpack-externals-plugin
- 配置
vue.config.js
const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin') const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin') const { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer') const HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin = require('html-webpack-externals-plugin') const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' module.exports = { publicPath: '/datalk/', assetsDir: 'static', lintOnSave: false, productionSourceMap: false, devServer: { headers: { 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', }, host: '0.0.0.0', port: 1024, disableHostCheck: true, proxy: { '/api': { target: 'https://tiven.cn/api', changeOrigin: true, ws: true, pathRewrite: { '^/api': '', }, }, }, }, configureWebpack: (config) => { if (isProduction) { config.performance = { hints: false, } config.plugins.push( new CompressionWebpackPlugin({ algorithm: 'gzip', test: new RegExp('\\.(' + ['js', 'css'].join('|') + ')$'), threshold: 10240, minRatio: 0.8, }) ) } else { config.devtool = 'source-map' } // HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 start config.plugins.push( new HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin({ externals: [ { module: 'vue', entry: { path: 'dist/vue.min.js', type: 'js', }, global: 'Vue', }, { module: 'element-ui', entry: ['lib/index.js', 'lib/theme-chalk/index.css'], supplements: ['lib/theme-chalk/fonts/'], global: 'ELEMENT', }, { module: 'axios', entry: { path: 'dist/axios.min.js', }, global: 'axios', }, { module: 'echarts', entry: { path: 'dist/echarts.min.js', attributes: { async: '', // defer: '', }, }, global: 'echarts', // append: true, }, { module: 'd3', entry: { path: 'dist/d3.min.js', attributes: { async: '', }, }, global: 'd3', }, { module: 'dagre-d3', entry: { path: 'dist/dagre-d3.min.js', attributes: { async: '', }, }, global: 'dagreD3', }, ], // hash: true, // 设置后会在引用脚本时加上 hash,如下所示: // <script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js?f452a239c2c0156e7b83'></script> // outputPath: 'static/lib', // 输出目录,默认为 vendor // publicPath: '/assets/', // 公共路径,默认为 / }) ) // HtmlWebpackExternalsPlugin 关键配置 end // 生成打包报告 if (process.env.npm_lifecycle_event === 'build:az') { config.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin()) } }, }
三、配置说明
- module :库名,也就是
package.json
中的包依赖名。 - entry :入口,有几种类型,
string | array<string> | object | array<object | string>
,可以设置 CDN 地址,如:https://cdn.tiven.cn/assets/js/vue.min.js
;也可以设置文件路径,如:dist/vue.min.js
,相对于项目的路径就是:node_modules/vue/dist/vue.min.js
。 - global :注册到
window
上的全局变量,注意不能配错,否则代码会报错。 - supplements :补充文件,在上边
element-ui
配置中,因为css
文件中依赖了大量的font
字体文件,所以在打包时需要把这些依赖文件根据相对路径复制到dist
对应的目录中。 - attributes :设置引用这些抽离出去包的
script
或link
标签的属性,defer
、async
、crossorigin
、global
等等,可以根据需要进行配置。
因为首页首次渲染不依赖 echarts
、d3
、dagre-d3
等第三方库,所以给 script 标签加上了 async
属性,脚本相对于页面的其余部分异步地执行(当页面继续进行解析时,脚本将被执行),这样可以不阻塞页面渲染,提升首屏加载速度,提高用户体验。
四、打包对比
使用 webpack-bundle-analyzer
生成打包报告,优化前如图所示:
Vue BundleAnalyzer Report
优化后如图所示:
Vue BundleAnalyzer Report
公共包被抽离出去,chunk
包总体积从 2.8MB 变成 670KB ,减小了 70% 多,优化效果很明显。
五、打包输出
打包后 dist 目录:
dist/ static/ css/ ... img/ ... js/ app.f462a90f.js app.f462a90f.js.gz chunk-0af562fc.fcb27ef3.js chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js chunk-1f6412f4.625202a5.js.gz ... vendor/ axios/ dist/ axios.min.js axios.min.js.gz d3/ dist/ d3.min.js d3.min.js.gz dagre-d3/ dist/ dagre-d3.min.js dagre-d3.min.js.gz echarts/ dist/ echarts.min.js echarts.min.js.gz element-ui/ lib/ theme-chalk/ fonts/ element-icons.ttf element-icons.woff index.css index.css.gz index.js index.js.gz vue/ dist/ vue.min.js vue.min.js.gz favicon.ico index.html
打包后,会发现把这些抽离出去的包直接引入到 index.html
中,如下所示:
<body> <noscript> <strong> We're sorry but regeng doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue. </strong> </noscript> <div id='app'></div> <script src='/datalk/vendor/vue/dist/vue.min.js'></script> <script src='/datalk/vendor/element-ui/lib/index.js'></script> <script src='/datalk/vendor/axios/dist/axios.min.js'></script> <script src='/datalk/vendor/echarts/dist/echarts.min.js' async></script> <script src='/datalk/vendor/d3/dist/d3.min.js' async></script> <script src='/datalk/vendor/dagre-d3/dist/dagre-d3.min.js' async></script> <script src='/datalk/static/js/app.f462a90f.js'></script> </body>
六、踩坑记录
element-ui
配置 externals
时,可能会遇到这样的报错:Uncaught ReferenceError: ElementUI is not defined at element-ui (external "ElementUI":1:1)
,这说明 element-ui
模块的 global
参数配置错了,在全局 window 上找不到,你可能配置的是 ElementUI、Element、element-ui,这些都是不对的。必须是 global: 'ELEMENT'
。