Oracle表空间满了的扩容与清理方法

-- 查看所有表空间使用率（按使用率倒序）
SELECT 
  df.tablespace_name "表空间名",
  ROUND(SUM(df.bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "总大小(MB)",
  ROUND(SUM(fs.bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "剩余空间(MB)",
  ROUND((SUM(df.bytes) - SUM(fs.bytes)) / SUM(df.bytes) * 100, 2) "使用率(%)",
  COUNT(*) "数据文件数"
FROM dba_data_files df
LEFT JOIN dba_free_space fs ON df.file_id = fs.file_id
GROUP BY df.tablespace_name
ORDER BY "使用率(%)" DESC;

表空间名     | 总大小(MB) | 剩余空间(MB) | 使用率(%) | 数据文件数
-------------|------------|--------------|-----------|------------
USERS        | 10240.00   | 12.50        | 99.88     | 1
SYSTEM       | 800.00     | 156.20       | 80.48     | 1
SYSAUX       | 2048.00    | 312.40       | 84.72     | 1

-- 查看 USERS 表空间中占用前 20 的段（Segment）
SELECT 
  owner "所有者",
  segment_name "段名",
  segment_type "类型",
  ROUND(bytes / 1024 / 1024, 2) "大小(MB)",
  extents "区数",
  blocks "块数"
FROM dba_segments 
WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS'
ORDER BY bytes DESC
FETCH FIRST 20 ROWS ONLY;

-- 示例：检查大表 orders 的数据新鲜度（假设含 order_date 字段）
SELECT 
  COUNT(*) "总记录数",
  COUNT(CASE WHEN order_date >= DATE '2024-01-01' THEN 1 END) "2024年新单",
  COUNT(CASE WHEN order_date < DATE '2022-01-01' THEN 1 END) "2022年前旧单",
  ROUND(COUNT(CASE WHEN order_date < DATE '2022-01-01' THEN 1 END) * 100 / COUNT(*), 2) "旧单占比(%)"
FROM orders;

-- 查看 USERS 表空间的数据文件路径和当前大小
SELECT file_name, bytes/1024/1024 "当前大小(MB)", autoextensible, maxbytes/1024/1024 "最大可扩(MB)"
FROM dba_data_files 
WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS';

-- ✅ 执行扩容（将 datafile01.dbf 从 10GB 扩到 15GB）
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf' RESIZE 15G;

-- ⚠️ 如果报错 ORA-01237：磁盘空间不足 → 检查文件系统！
-- ✅ 更安全做法：启用自动扩展（设上限防失控）
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf' 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 512M MAXSIZE 20G;

-- ✅ 创建新数据文件（指定路径、大小、自动扩展）
ALTER TABLESPACE users 
ADD DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/ORCL/users02.dbf' 
SIZE 8G AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1G MAXSIZE 32G;

-- ✅ 验证是否生效
SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/1024/1024 "MB", status 
FROM dba_data_files 
WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS';

-- 步骤1：创建专用归档表空间（使用较小 block size 提升压缩比）
CREATE TABLESPACE arch_ts 
DATAFILE '/u03/oradata/ORCL/arch01.dbf' SIZE 4G 
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M 
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

-- 步骤2：将大日志表 move 到新表空间（在线操作，业务无感知！）
ALTER TABLE app_log MOVE TABLESPACE arch_ts;
ALTER INDEX idx_app_log_time REBUILD TABLESPACE arch_ts;

-- 步骤3：修改用户默认表空间（防止新对象继续写入 USERS）
ALTER USER app_user DEFAULT TABLESPACE arch_ts;

-- 场景：一张表 delete 了 90% 数据，但空间没还给表空间？
-- 原因：Oracle 的 High Water Mark（HWM）不会因 DELETE 自动下降！
-- 验证：对比实际行数 vs 段占用块数
SELECT 
  t.table_name,
  t.num_rows "统计行数",
  s.blocks "段占用块数",
  ROUND(s.bytes/1024/1024, 2) "段大小(MB)",
  ROUND(t.num_rows * t.avg_row_len / 1024 / 1024, 2) "估算数据大小(MB)"
FROM user_tables t
JOIN user_segments s ON t.table_name = s.segment_name
WHERE t.table_name = 'HUGE_ORDER_LOG';

-- 步骤1：确保表启用行移动（ROW MOVEMENT）
ALTER TABLE huge_order_log ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;

-- 步骤2：收缩空间（回收 HWM 以上空白区）
ALTER TABLE huge_order_log SHRINK SPACE COMPACT; -- 先整理碎片
ALTER TABLE huge_order_log SHRINK SPACE;          -- 再下移 HWM

-- ✅ 验证：执行后再次查 segments.blocks，应显著下降

-- 检测索引碎片率（逻辑删除率 > 20% 即需重建）
ANALYZE INDEX idx_orders_status VALIDATE STRUCTURE;

SELECT 
  name "索引名",
  del_lf_rows "删除叶块行数",
  lf_rows "叶块总行数",
  ROUND(del_lf_rows/lf_rows*100, 2) "碎片率(%)",
  height "B树高度"
FROM index_stats 
WHERE name = 'IDX_ORDERS_STATUS';

ALTER INDEX idx_orders_status REBUILD ONLINE PARALLEL 4;
ALTER INDEX idx_orders_status NOPARALLEL; -- 重建后关闭并行

-- 查找最大的 LOB 段
SELECT 
  l.owner, l.table_name, l.column_name, 
  s.bytes/1024/1024 "LOB大小(MB)",
  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM l.owner || '.' || l.table_name WHERE l.column_name IS NOT NULL) "非空行数"
FROM dba_lobs l
JOIN dba_segments s ON l.segment_name = s.segment_name
WHERE s.tablespace_name = 'USERS'
ORDER BY s.bytes DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;

-- 检查审计表（尤其启用了统一审计的 12c+）
SELECT owner, table_name, ROUND(bytes/1024/1024, 2) "大小(MB)"
FROM dba_segments 
WHERE segment_name IN ('AUD$', 'UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL', 'FGA_LOG$')
  AND owner IN ('SYS', 'AUDSYS');

-- 检查数据库作业日志（DBMS_SCHEDULER）
SELECT log_date, owner, job_name, status, error#, additional_info
FROM dba_scheduler_job_log 
WHERE log_date > SYSDATE - 30 
ORDER BY log_date DESC;

-- ✅ 统一审计日志：使用官方清理接口（Oracle 12c+）
BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL(
    audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED,
    use_last_arch_timestamp => FALSE);
END;
/

-- ✅ 设置自动清理策略（保留 90 天）
BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.INIT_CLEANUP(
    audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED,
    default_cleanup_interval => 24); -- 每24小时运行一次
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP(
    audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_UNIFIED,
    last_archive_time => SYSDATE - 90);
END;
/

-- 查看临时表空间使用（确认是否被大排序/哈希连接占满）
SELECT 
  s.sid, s.serial#, s.username, s.osuser, s.program,
  u.tablespace, u.segtype, u.contents,
  ROUND(u.blocks * (SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name='db_block_size') / 1024/1024, 2) "使用量(MB)"
FROM v$session s
JOIN v$sort_usage u ON s.saddr = u.session_addr
ORDER BY u.blocks DESC;

-- 杀掉占用临时段的异常会话（谨慎！先确认）
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '123,4567'; -- sid,serial#

-- ✅ 长期：增大 TEMP 表空间，或为大查询指定专用临时表空间
ALTER USER app_user TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_large;

@Component
public class TablespaceHealthChecker {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    // 每 5 分钟检查一次 USERS 表空间使用率
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 300_000)
    public void checkAndAlert() {
        String sql = "SELECT ROUND((SUM(bytes)-SUM(NVL(fs.bytes,0)))/SUM(bytes)*100, 2) " +
                     "FROM dba_data_files df LEFT JOIN dba_free_space fs ON df.file_id = fs.file_id " +
                     "WHERE df.tablespace_name = 'USERS' GROUP BY df.tablespace_name";
        try {
            BigDecimal usagePercent = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, BigDecimal.class);
            if (usagePercent != null && usagePercent.compareTo(new BigDecimal("95")) >= 0) {
                log.warn("🚨 USERS 表空间使用率已达 {}%，触发自动清理流程", usagePercent);
                triggerCleanupJob(); // 调用清理服务
                sendAlertToOps("USERS 表空间超限，请核查");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("检查表空间失败", e);
        }
    }
    private void triggerCleanupJob() {
        // 调用存储过程（如：clean_old_logs）
        jdbcTemplate.update("BEGIN clean_old_logs(:days); END;", 
            Collections.singletonMap("days", 30));
    }
    private void sendAlertToOps(String message) {
        // 集成企业微信/钉钉机器人（略）
        System.out.println("📢 发送告警: " + message);
    }
}

@Service
public class FileUploadService {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    public UploadResult uploadVideo(MultipartFile file) throws SQLException {
        // 步骤1：预估所需空间（按 1:1.2 压缩冗余系数）
        long estimatedSize = Math.round(file.getSize() * 1.2);
        // 步骤2：查询 USERS 表空间剩余空间（单位：字节）
        String spaceSql = "SELECT SUM(NVL(bytes,0)) FROM dba_free_space " +
                          "WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS'";
        Long freeBytes = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(spaceSql, Long.class);
        if (freeBytes == null || freeBytes < estimatedSize) {
            throw new InsufficientSpaceException(
                String.format("空间不足！需 %s MB，当前仅剩 %s MB",
                    formatBytes(estimatedSize), formatBytes(freeBytes)));
        }
        // 步骤3：执行上传（此处省略文件存储逻辑）
        return saveToDatabase(file, estimatedSize);
    }
    private String formatBytes(long bytes) {
        if (bytes < 1024) return bytes + " B";
        if (bytes < 1024 * 1024) return String.format("%.1f KB", bytes / 1024.0);
        return String.format("%.2f MB", bytes / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
    }
}

<!-- MyBatis Mapper XML -->
<update id="dropOldOrderPartition" parameterType="map">
    <!-- 假设 orders 表按月分区：P202201, P202202... -->
    ALTER TABLE orders DROP PARTITION 
    <bind name="partitionName" value="'P' + (String.valueOf(_parameter.get('year')) + String.format('%02d', _parameter.get('month')))" />
</update>

// Java 调用
@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper {
    void dropOldOrderPartition(@Param("year") int year, @Param("month") int month);
}
// 服务层调用（删除 2022 年所有分区）
orderMapper.dropOldOrderPartition(2022, 1);  // P202201
orderMapper.dropOldOrderPartition(2022, 2);  // P202202
// ... 无需遍历数据，物理删除分区头，毫秒级！

-- 为应用用户设置硬性配额（不再允许无限增长）
ALTER USER app_user QUOTA 5G ON users;
ALTER USER app_user QUOTA 0 ON system; -- 禁止写 SYSTEM
ALTER USER app_user QUOTA UNLIMITED ON arch_ts; -- 归档空间不限

-- ✅ 验证配额
SELECT username, tablespace_name, bytes/1024/1024 "已用(MB)", max_bytes/1024/1024 "限额(MB)"
FROM dba_ts_quotas 
WHERE username = 'APP_USER';

-- 查询过去 30 天 USERS 表空间每日增长量（需 AWR 权限）
SELECT 
  TRUNC(snap.begin_interval_time) "日期",
  ROUND(MAX(tablespace_size)*db.block_size/1024/1024, 2) "当日最大大小(MB)",
  ROUND(LAG(MAX(tablespace_size)) OVER (ORDER BY TRUNC(snap.begin_interval_time)) 
        * db.block_size/1024/1024, 2) "昨日大小(MB)",
  ROUND((MAX(tablespace_size) - LAG(MAX(tablespace_size)) 
         OVER (ORDER BY TRUNC(snap.begin_interval_time))) 
        * db.block_size/1024/1024, 2) "净增长(MB)"
FROM dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage usg
JOIN dba_hist_snapshot snap ON usg.snap_id = snap.snap_id
CROSS JOIN (SELECT value AS block_size FROM v$parameter WHERE name = 'db_block_size') db
WHERE usg.tablespace_id = (SELECT ts# FROM v$tablespace WHERE name = 'USERS')
  AND snap.begin_interval_time >= SYSDATE - 30
GROUP BY TRUNC(snap.begin_interval_time), db.block_size, snap.begin_interval_time
ORDER BY "日期";

-- tablespace_health.sql
SET LINESIZE 200
SET PAGESIZE 100
SPOOL /home/oracle/logs/ts_health_$(date +%Y%m%d).log

PROMPT === 表空间健康报告 $(date) ===
PROMPT

-- 1. 高危表空间列表
SELECT tablespace_name, 
       ROUND((SUM(bytes)-SUM(NVL(fs.bytes,0)))/SUM(bytes)*100, 2) "使用率(%)",
       ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1024/1024, 2) "总大小(MB)"
FROM dba_data_files df
LEFT JOIN dba_free_space fs ON df.file_id = fs.file_id
GROUP BY tablespace_name
HAVING ROUND((SUM(bytes)-SUM(NVL(fs.bytes,0)))/SUM(bytes)*100, 2) > 85
ORDER BY "使用率(%)" DESC;

PROMPT
PROMPT 2. TOP5 大段（疑似僵尸）
SELECT owner, segment_name, segment_type, 
       ROUND(bytes/1024/1024, 2) "大小(MB)"
FROM (
    SELECT owner, segment_name, segment_type, bytes,
           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY bytes DESC) rn
    FROM dba_segments 
    WHERE tablespace_name = 'USERS'
)
WHERE rn <= 5;

PROMPT
PROMPT 3. 索引碎片率 > 20% 的索引
SELECT owner, index_name, 
       ROUND((del_lf_rows/lf_rows)*100, 2) "碎片率(%)"
FROM dba_indexes i
JOIN index_stats ist ON i.index_name = ist.name AND i.owner = ist.name
WHERE (del_lf_rows/lf_rows) > 0.2
  AND i.tablespace_name = 'USERS';

SPOOL OFF
EXIT;