PostgreSQL跨版本升级的方法技巧与问题排查

SELECT version();

PostgreSQL 11.22 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit

# 逻辑备份（推荐用于跨版本）
pg_dumpall -U postgres > full_backup_20240501.sql

# 或针对单个数据库
pg_dump -U myuser -d mydb > mydb_backup.sql

# Ubuntu 示例
sudo apt install postgresql-16

sudo pg_createcluster 16 main --port=5433
# 使用不同端口避免冲突

pg_dump -U postgres -p 5432 -d mydb -Fc > mydb.dump
# -Fc 表示自定义格式，支持并行恢复

-- 连接到新实例（端口 5433）
CREATE DATABASE mydb;
CREATE USER myuser WITH PASSWORD 'secret';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE mydb TO myuser;

pg_restore -U postgres -p 5433 -d mydb -j 4 mydb.dump
# -j 4 表示使用 4 个并行进程加速

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5433/mydb
    username: myuser
    password: secret
    hikari:
      maximum-pool-size: 20

-- 恢复前执行
SET session_replication_role = 'replica';

-- 恢复后执行
SET session_replication_role = 'origin';

sudo apt install postgresql-16

sudo systemctl stop postgresql@11-main

sudo pg_createcluster 16 main --port=5433
sudo systemctl stop postgresql@16-main  # 确保未运行

sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin/pg_upgrade \
  --old-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/11/bin \
  --new-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin \
  --old-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/11/main \
  --new-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/16/main \
  --check

sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin/pg_upgrade \
  --old-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/11/bin \
  --new-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin \
  --old-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/11/main \
  --new-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/16/main \
  --link  # 使用硬链接加速（节省磁盘空间）

sudo systemctl start postgresql@16-main

./analyze_new_cluster.sh

./delete_old_cluster.sh

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
    <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
    <version>42.7.3</version>
</dependency>

sudo apt install postgis postgresql-16-postgis-3

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;

CREATE USER app_user WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'xxx';

pg_restore --no-owner -d mydb mydb.dump

SELECT setval('users_id_seq', (SELECT MAX(id) FROM users));

timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8'

9.6 → 10 → 11 → 12 → 13 → 14

@Testcontainers
@SpringBootTest
class UserRepositoryTest {

    @Container
    static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:16")
            .withDatabaseName("testdb")
            .withUsername("test")
            .withPassword("test");

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void configureProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldSaveAndFindUser() {
        User user = new User("Alice", "alice@example.com");
        userRepository.save(user);
        assertThat(userRepository.findById(user.getId())).isPresent();
    }
}

-- 在新版本中启用 auto_explain
LOAD 'auto_explain';
SET auto_explain.log_min_duration = 0;
SET auto_explain.log_analyze = true;

-- 执行关键查询
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE customer_id = 123;

@Test
void concurrentInsertShouldNotCauseDeadlock() throws InterruptedException {
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(10);

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        executor.submit(() -> {
            try {
                userService.createUser("User" + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
            } finally {
                latch.countDown();
            }
        });
    }

    latch.await();
    assertThat(userRepository.count()).isEqualTo(10);
}

#!/bin/bash
set -e

OLD_VERSION=11
NEW_VERSION=16
DB_NAME=myapp
BACKUP_FILE="/backups/${DB_NAME}_$(date +%Y%m%d).dump"

echo "🚀 Starting PostgreSQL upgrade from $OLD_VERSION to $NEW_VERSION"

# 1. 备份
echo "💾 Creating backup..."
pg_dump -U postgres -p 5432 -d $DB_NAME -Fc > $BACKUP_FILE

# 2. 安装新版本（Ubuntu）
echo "📦 Installing PostgreSQL $NEW_VERSION..."
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y postgresql-$NEW_VERSION

# 3. 初始化新集群
echo "InitStructuring new cluster..."
sudo pg_createcluster $NEW_VERSION main --port=5433

# 4. 创建数据库和用户
echo "👥 Setting up roles..."
sudo -u postgres psql -p 5433 -c "CREATE DATABASE $DB_NAME;"
sudo -u postgres psql -p 5433 -c "CREATE USER appuser WITH PASSWORD 'secret';"
sudo -u postgres psql -p 5433 -c "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE $DB_NAME TO appuser;"

# 5. 恢复数据
echo "🔄 Restoring data..."
pg_restore -U postgres -p 5433 -d $DB_NAME -j 4 $BACKUP_FILE

# 6. 验证
echo "🔍 Validating..."
ROW_COUNT=$(psql -U postgres -p 5433 -d $DB_NAME -t -c "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;")
echo "Total users: $ROW_COUNT"

echo "✅ Upgrade completed successfully!"

ANALYZE VERBOSE;

REINDEX DATABASE mydb;

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  postgres-old:
    image: postgres:11
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
  postgres-new:
    image: postgres:16
    volumes:
      - pgdata-new:/var/lib/postgresql/data

# 停止新实例
sudo systemctl stop postgresql@16-main

# 启动旧实例
sudo systemctl start postgresql@11-main