MySQL 配置参数全解之参数含义、作用域与运维建议(完整配置文件)

binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 1209600  # 14 * 24 * 3600

mysql --auto-rehash -u user -p

[client]
# CLIENT SETTINGS - Applied to all client programs
loose-default-character-set = utf8mb4 # Default character set for clients
[mysql]
# MYSQL CLIENT SPECIFIC SETTINGS
no-auto-rehash # Disable automatic tab completion for faster connection
prompt = "\\u@\\h : \\d \\r:\\m:\\s> " # Custom prompt format
(user@host:database time)
max_allowed_packet = 64M
#Define the maximum number of bytes for a single data packet transfer between the
MySQL server and the client
[mysqld]
# CORE SERVER SETTINGS
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0 # IP address to bind to (use internal IP in production)
event_scheduler = ON # Enable the event scheduler
# DIRECTORIES
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# CONNECTIONS
max_connections = 512 # Maximum number of simultaneous connections
max_connect_errors = 100000 # Maximum connection errors before host blocking
back_log = 512 # Connection backlog queue size
wait_timeout = 600 # Timeout for non-interactive connections (seconds)
interactive_timeout = 1800 # Timeout for interactive connections (seconds)
wait_timeout = 28800
# MEMORY & CACHE (ADJUST BASED ON YOUR RAM!)
# -- Global Cache --
key_buffer_size = 32M # Key buffer size for MyISAM (recommended even if not
using MyISAM)
# -- Per-Connection Memory --
sort_buffer_size = 4M # Buffer size for ORDER BY and GROUP BY operations
join_buffer_size = 4M # Buffer size for joins without indexes
read_buffer_size = 1M # Buffer size for sequential table scans
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M # Buffer size for random-read buffer
max_allowed_packet = 64M # Maximum packet size
thread_cache_size = 64 # Thread cache size for faster connection handling
# TABLE DEFINITION
table_open_cache = 4096 # Number of open tables cache
table_definition_cache = 4096 # Number of table definition cache
open_files_limit = 65535 # Maximum number of open files
# CHARACTER SET & COLLATION
character-set-server = utf8mb4 # Default server character set
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci # Default server collation
# LOGGING
# Error Log
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
log_error_verbosity = 2 # Error log verbosity level
# Slow Query Log
slow_query_log = ON # Enable slow query log
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 1 # Threshold for slow queries (seconds)
log_queries_not_using_indexes = OFF # Don't log queries not using indexes
# General Query Log (usually disabled in production)
general_log = OFF
general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql-general.log
# BINARY LOGGING (For Replication & Point-in-Time Recovery)
server-id = 1 # Unique server ID for replication
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log # Binary log path
binlog_format = ROW # Binary log format (ROW recommended)
expire_logs_days = 14 # Binary log expiration period (days)
max_binlog_size = 1G # Maximum binary log file size
sync_binlog = 1 # Sync binary log to disk (1=safest)
binlog_cache_size = 128K # Binary log cache size
binlog_rows_query_log_events = OFF # Log original SQL in ROW format (for
debugging)
# -- InnoDB Buffer Pool --
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G # Most important cache (50-80% of system RAM)
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 2 # Number of buffer pool instances (1 per GB
recommended)
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 75 #Control the threshold for refreshing dirty
pages
# FILE FORMAT
default_storage_engine = InnoDB # Default storage engine
innodb_file_per_table = ON # Use separate tablespace for each InnoDB table
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # InnoDB flush method (direct I/O)
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 # Flush log to disk on transaction commit
(1=safest)
# INNODB SPECIFIC
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:64M:autoextend # InnoDB system tablespace
configuration
innodb_log_file_size = 2G # InnoDB redo log file size (recommended 1-2G)
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 # Number of InnoDB redo log files
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M # InnoDB log buffer size
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 # InnoDB lock wait timeout (seconds)
innodb_io_capacity = 200 # InnoDB I/O capacity (adjust based on storage
performance)
innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000 # Maximum InnoDB I/O capacity
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON # Dump buffer pool at shutdown
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = ON # Load buffer pool at startup
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = ON # Log all deadlocks to error log
# MYSQL 8.0 AUTHENTICATION PLUGIN SETTINGS
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password # Maintain compatibility
with older clients
# PERFORMANCE SCHEMA (Adjust based on monitoring needs)
performance_schema = ON # Enable performance schema
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 5000 # Limit performance schema memory
usage
#GTID
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
# Slave Variables
log_slave_updates =1 #Control whether the slave library writes the received
changes of the master library to its own binary log
read_only = 0
relay-log = /var/log/mysql/slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index = /var/log/mysqlslave-relay-bin.index
master_info_repository=TABLE # Control the storage method of replication status
information
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE #Control the storage method of replication status
information
relay_log_recovery=ON # Trigger the automatic recovery process
slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK #Define the transaction grouping policy for
parallel replication
slave_parallel_workers=8 # Set the number of parallel execution threads
[mysqld_safe]
# MYSQL SAFE STARTUP SETTINGS
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
open-files-limit = 65535
[mysqldump]
# MYSQLDUMP SETTINGS
quick
max_allowed_packet = 256M
single-transaction = TRUE # Recommended for InnoDB backups
[mysqladmin]
# MYSQLADMIN SETTINGS
character-set-client = utf8mb4