MySql主从部署的实现步骤
作者：Neng_Miao
本文主要介绍了MySql主从部署的实现步骤,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
1、操作环境
硬件环境：香橙派5 aarch64架构 软件环境：Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS 软件版本：mysql-8.0.42 操作方式：mysql_1,mysql_2容器 主节点：mysql_1 启动命令：docker run --name mysql_master \ -p 3308:3306 \ -v /data/Test/mysql_master/data:/var/lib/mysql \ -v /data/Test/mysql_master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \ -v /data/Test/mysql_master/logs:/var/log/mysql \ -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test0123 \ -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myappdb \ -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \ -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=test0123 \ --restart=always \ -d mysql:8.0.42 \ --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password \ --character-set-server=utf8mb4 \ --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 从节点：mysql_2 启动命令：docker run --name mysql_slave \ -p 3309:3306 \ -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \ -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \ -v /data/Test/mysql_slave/logs:/var/log/mysql \ -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=test0123 \ -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myappdb \ -e MYSQL_USER=myuser \ -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=test0123 \ --restart=always \ -d mysql:8.0.42 \ --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password \ --character-set-server=utf8mb4 \ --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
2、配置操作
2.1、主节点配置
（1）、my.cnf配置（容器/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf，宿主机/data/Test/mysql_master/conf/master.cnf）
[client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] # 设置时区 default-time_zone = '+8:00' #设置密码验证规则 authentication_policy=mysql_native_password # 限制导入和导出的数据目录 # 为空，不限制导入到处的数据目录； secure_file_priv= init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake skip-name-resolve # 开启logbin log_bin=binlog # binlog日志格式 binlog_format=ROW # mysql主从备份serverId server_id=1 #参数优化，避免mysql占用太多内存 # 减少缓冲池大小 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M # 降低临时表大小 tmp_table_size = 16M # 设置最大连接数 max_connections = 10
可选参数
# 0表示读写 (主机)，1表示只读(从机) read-only=0 #设置日志文件保留的时长，单位是秒 binlog_expire_logs_seconds=6000 #控制单个二进制日志大小。此参数的最大和默认值是1GB max_binlog_size=20 #设置不要复制的数据库 binlog-ignore-db=test #设置需要复制的数据库,不写参数则默认全部记录，可以填写多个 binlog-do-db=需要复制的主数据库名字 例如: binlog-do-db=dbtest01 binlog-do-db=dbtest02 #设置binlog格式 binlog_format=STATEMENT
（2）、主节点数据库创建用户
#进入容器内部 docker exec -it mysql_master /bin/bash #登录mysql mysql -u root -p #查看数据库 show databases; #切换到mysql库 use mysql; #创建master用户 create USER 'master'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root'; grant all on *.* to 'master'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2.2、从节点配置
（1）、server.cnf配置（容器/etc/mysql/conf.d/server.cnf，宿主机的/data/Test/mysql_2/conf/server.cnf）
[client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] # 设置时区 default-time_zone = '+8:00' #设置密码验证规则 authentication_policy=mysql_native_password # 限制导入和导出的数据目录 # 为空，不限制导入到处的数据目录； secure_file_priv= init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake skip-name-resolve #server_id不要和主库的server_id相同就行 server_id=2 #一般从数据库作为读数据库 default-storage-engine=MyISAM
（2）、从节点数据库创建用户
#进入容器内部 docker exec -it mysql_slave /bin/bash #登录mysql mysql -u root -p #查看数据库 show databases; #切换到mysql库 use mysql; #创建slave用户 create USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root'; grant all on *.* to 'slave'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2.3、配置数据同步
（1）、登录master节点数据库
#查看master节点binlog日志状态 mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000003 | 841 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
（1）、登录slave节点数据库
#停止slave
stop slave;
#查看master节点binlog日志状态，MASTER_LOG_FILE、MASTER_LOG_POS根据master数据库查询信息配置
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST = '172.17.0.5', #host
MASTER_PORT = 3306,#
MASTER_USER = 'master',#binlog
MASTER_PASSWORD = 'passwd',#binlog
MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'binlog.000003',#binlog1
MASTER_LOG_POS = 841;
#启动slave
start slave;
#查看slave库状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 172.17.0.5
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 841
Relay_Log_File: 4b87ab620b91-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 323
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 841
Relay_Log_Space: 540
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 61357c39-2e76-11f0-9f6f-0242ac110005
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
Master_public_key_path:
Get_master_public_key: 0
Network_Namespace:
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
2.4、测试
（1）、master节点创建测试表及插入数据
mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p -P3308 #登录master节点创建简单数据表 CREATE TABLE `test` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Test_str` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_myappdb | +-------------------+ | test | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO test (Test_str) VALUES( '1'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from test; +----+----------+ | id | Test_str | +----+----------+ | 1 | 1 | +----+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（2）、slave节点查看数据同步
mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p -P3309 mysql> use myappdb Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_myappdb | +-------------------+ | test | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; +----+----------+ | id | Test_str | +----+----------+ | 1 | 1 | +----+----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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