mysql搭建主从复制的实现步骤
作者：小丁学Java
在MySQL集群中,主库更新会同步到从库,但从库更新不同步到主库,主从复制能分摊压力,本文就来介绍一下mysql搭建主从复制的实现步骤,感兴趣的可以了解一下
主库更新，从库会同步更新。从库更新，主库一般是不会同步更新的，如果发生主库也同步更新，可能出现短暂bug，或者主从配置有问题。mysql集群：
单台设备的负载压力：主从复制
集群：分摊访问压力和存储压力
需求：使用 3306 mysql当作主， 3316 mysql 当作从，在3306中对 mydb2/mydb3 数据库所有的操作，希望能够主从复制同步到3316，其他的数据库操作不同步。
1、准备主服务器
docker run -d \ --name spzx-mysql \ -p 3306:3306 \ -v mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql \ -v mysql_conf:/etc/mysql \ --restart=always \ --privileged=true \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \ mysql:8
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS ab66508d9441 mysql:8 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 months ago Up 9 days 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp spzx-mysql
此时我已经有一个主服务器 spzx-mysql
2、准备从服务器
docker run -d \ -p 3316:3306 \ -v mysql-slave1-conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \ -v mysql-slave1-data:/var/lib/mysql \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \ --name atguigu-mysql-slave1 \ mysql:8
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c236f876ae40 mysql:8 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 10 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3316->3306/tcp, :::3316->3306/tcp atguigu-mysql-slave1 ab66508d9441 mysql:8 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 months ago Up 9 days 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp spzx-mysql
3、主库配置
- 先在主mysql中配置 记录mydb2/mydb3库的操作日志到binlog日志文件中
– 主库写操作会按照配置记录到二进制文件中（binlog）
– 主库需要创建一个从账户并分配可以读取binlog日志的权限 - 在从mysql中配置中继日志文件，用来保存读取到的mysql主的 binlog 日志
– 从库可以开启主从复制，从指定的主库的binlog文件中加载日志缓存到自己的relaylog文件中，最后通过一个sql线程将relaylog文件中的日志replay到自己的库表中
– 从库需要使用主库提供的账号和主库的binlog文件建立连接
3.1、创建MySQL主服务器配置文件：
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect spzx-mysql
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "mysql_conf",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_conf/_data",
"Destination": "/etc/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "z",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "mysql_data",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_data/_data",
"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "z",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
[root@localhost _data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_conf/_data [root@localhost _data]# ll 总用量 8 drwxrwxr-x. 2 root root 41 12月 26 2023 conf.d -rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 1080 12月 21 2021 my.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1448 9月 28 2021 my.cnf.fallback
[root@localhost _data]# vim my.cnf
配置如下内容：
[mysqld] # 服务器唯一id，默认值1 server-id=1 # 设置日志格式，默认值ROW。row（记录行数据） statement（记录sql） mixed（混合模式） binlog_format=STATEMENT # 二进制日志名，默认binlog # log-bin=binlog log-bin=spzxbinlog # 设置需要复制的数据库，默认复制全部数据库 binlog-do-db=mydb2 binlog-do-db=mydb3 # 设置不需要复制的数据库 binlog-ignore-db=mydb4 #binlog-ignore-db=infomation_schema
[root@localhost _data]# docker restart spzx-mysql spzx-mysql
[root@localhost _data]# ll ../../mysql_data/_data/
4、从库配置
[root@localhost _data]# docker inspect atguigu-mysql-slave1
vim /var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql-slave1-conf/_data/my.cnf
配置如下内容：
[mysqld] # 服务器唯一id，每台服务器的id必须不同，如果配置其他从机，注意修改id server-id=2 # 中继日志名，默认xxxxxxxxxxxx-relay-bin #relay-log=relay-bin
[root@localhost _data]# docker restart atguigu-mysql-slave1 atguigu-mysql-slave1
5、搭建主从&测试
5.1、使用命令行登录MySQL主服务器
[root@localhost _data]# docker exec -it spzx-mysql /bin/bash root@ab66508d9441:/# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
5.2、主机中查询master状态：
mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | spzxbinlog.000001 | 156 | mydb2,mydb3 | mydb4 | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5.3、从机中查询slave状态：
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it atguigu-mysql-slave1 /bin/bash ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) root@c236f876ae40:/# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
mysql> show slave status; Empty set, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
从库必须和主库主动建立连接 开启自己的sql和io线程
5.4、主机中创建slave用户：
-- 创建slave用户 CREATE USER 'atguigu_slave'@'%'; -- 设置密码 ALTER USER 'atguigu_slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; -- 授予复制权限 GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'atguigu_slave'@'%'; -- 刷新权限 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | spzxbinlog.000001 | 1074 | mydb2,mydb3 | mydb4 | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.5、在从机上配置主从关系：
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.74.148', MASTER_USER='atguigu_slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_LOG_FILE='spzxbinlog.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1074;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.74.148',
-> MASTER_USER='atguigu_slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='spzxbinlog.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1074;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.05 sec)
mysql> show slave status; +----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | Slave_IO_State | Master_Host | Master_User | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID | Master_Info_File | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version | Master_public_key_path | Get_master_public_key | Network_Namespace | +----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | | 192.168.74.148 | atguigu_slave | 3306 | 60 | spzxbinlog.000001 | 1074 | c236f876ae40-relay-bin.000001 | 4 | spzxbinlog.000001 | No | No | | | | | | | 0 | | 0 | 1074 | 156 | None | | 0 | No | | | | | | NULL | No | 0 | | 0 | | | 0 | | mysql.slave_master_info | 0 | NULL | | 86400 | | | | | | | | 0 | | | | | 0 | | +----------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.6、启动从库的io和sql线程：都启动成功主从才搭建成功
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status; +----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | Slave_IO_State | Master_Host | Master_User | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID | Master_Info_File | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version | Master_public_key_path | Get_master_public_key | Network_Namespace | +----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | Waiting for source to send event | 192.168.74.148 | atguigu_slave | 3306 | 60 | spzxbinlog.000001 | 1074 | c236f876ae40-relay-bin.000002 | 325 | spzxbinlog.000001 | Yes | Yes | | | | | | | 0 | | 0 | 1074 | 541 | None | | 0 | No | | | | | | 0 | No | 0 | | 0 | | | 1 | af98f4d4-a3ca-11ee-b194-0242ac110002 | mysql.slave_master_info | 0 | NULL | Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | 86400 | | | | | | | | 0 | | | | | 0 | | +----------------------------------+----------------+---------------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
6、在3306主机上创建mydb1
此时刷新3316从数据库，发现没有mydb1
7、在3306主机上创建mydb2
此时刷新3316从数据库，发现从机复制了主机中的mydb2数据库到从机中
8、在3306主机上创建mydb3
9、在3306主机上创建mydb4
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