MySql行转列&列转行方式
作者：江南春失忆梦i
在MySQL数据库管理中,行转列和列转行是常见的数据处理需求,行转列通常涉及将表中的行数据按照某种规则转换成列形式,常用于报表生成、数据分析等场景,列转行则是将原本以列形式存储的数据转换成行形式,以便于进行进一步的数据处理或分析
MySql行转列&列转行
行转列
创建语句：
create table test1(
id int auto_increment primary key ,
name varchar(255),
course varchar(255),
score int
)
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('张三','语文',120);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('张三','数学',100);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('张三','英语',82);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('李四','语文',89);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('李四','数学',99);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('李四','英语',87);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('王五','语文',78);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('王五','数学',85);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('王五','英语',145);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('王五','物理',40);
insert into test1(name,course,score) values ('王五','化学',62);原始数据：
1、第一种方法：
-- 使用case when then else，这里使用sum函数也可以 select name, max(case course when '语文' then score else 0 end)as 'chinese', max(case course when '数学' then score else 0 end)as 'math', max(case course when '英语' then score else 0 end)as 'english', max(case course when '物理' then score else 0 end)as 'wuli', max(case course when '化学' then score else 0 end)as 'huaxue' from test1 group by name
第一种结果：
2、第二种方法：
-- 使用if语句，这里使用sum函数也可以 select name, max(if(course = '语文',score,0))as 'chinese', max(if(course = '数学',score,0))as 'math', max(if(course = '英语',score,0))as 'english', max(if(course = '物理',score,0))as 'wuli', max(if(course = '化学',score,0))as 'huaxue' from test1 group by name
第二种结果：
3、第三种方法：
-- 动态拼接sql语句，不管多少行都会转列
set @sql = null;
select group_concat(distinct concat('max(if(a.course = ''',a.course,''', a.score, 0)) as ''',a.course, '''')) into @sql from test1 a;
set @sql = concat('select name,', @sql, 'from test1 a group by a.name' );
prepare stmt from @sql; -- 动态生成脚本，预备一个语句
execute stmt; -- 动态执行脚本，执行预备的语句
deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放预备的语句
-- 通过这个查询拼接的sql
select @sql第三种结果：
查询出来的sql结果：
-- 查询出来的结果 select name,max(if(a.course = '语文', a.score, 0)) as '语文',max(if(a.course = '数学', a.score, 0)) as '数学',max(if(a.course = '英语', a.score, 0)) as '英语',max(if(a.course = '物理', a.score, 0)) as '物理',max(if(a.course = '化学', a.score, 0)) as '化学',max(if(a.course = '政治', a.score, 0)) as '政治'from test1 a group by a.name
4、第四种方法：
-- 使用distinct select distinct a.name, (select score from test1 b where a.name=b.name and b.course='语文' ) as 'chinese', (select score from test1 b where a.name=b.name and b.course='数学' ) as 'math', (select score from test1 b where a.name=b.name and b.course='英语' ) as 'english', (select score from test1 b where a.name=b.name and b.course='物理' ) as 'wuli', (select score from test1 b where a.name=b.name and b.course='化学' ) as 'huaxue' from test1 a
第四种结果：
5、第五种方法：
以下三种方法是可以做统计的用的，有三种统计写法，有需求的话可以使用
-- 使用with rollup统计第一种 select ifnull(name,'总计') as name, max(if(course = '语文',score,0))as 'chinese', max(if(course = '数学',score,0))as 'math', max(if(course = '英语',score,0))as 'english', max(if(course = '物理',score,0))as 'wuli', max(if(course = '化学',score,0))as 'huaxue', sum(IF(course='total',score,0)) as 'total' from (select name,ifnull(course,'total') as course,sum(score) as score from test1 group by name, course with rollup having name is not null )as a group by name with rollup; -- 使用with rollup与union all统计第二种 select name, max(if(course = '语文',score,0))as 'chinese', max(if(course = '数学',score,0))as 'math', max(if(course = '英语',score,0))as 'english', max(if(course = '物理',score,0))as 'wuli', max(if(course = '化学',score,0))as 'huaxue', sum(score) as total from test1 group by name union all select 'total', max(if(course = '语文',score,0))as 'chinese', max(if(course = '数学',score,0))as 'math', max(if(course = '英语',score,0))as 'english', max(if(course = '物理',score,0))as 'wuli', max(if(course = '化学',score,0))as 'huaxue', sum(score) from test1 -- 使用if与with rollup统计 select ifnull(name,'total') as name, max(if(course = '语文',score,0))as 'chinese', max(if(course = '数学',score,0))as 'math', max(if(course = '英语',score,0))as 'english', max(if(course = '物理',score,0))as 'wuli', max(if(course = '化学',score,0))as 'huaxue', sum(score) AS total from test1 group by name with rollup
第五种结果：
以上三种语句结果都是一样的
6、第六种方法：
-- 使用group_concat，这个一般不推荐 select name, group_concat(course,':',score separator '@')as course from test1 group by name
第六种结果：
7、第七中方法：
-- 这个也不推荐使用
set @EE='';
select @EE :=concat(@EE,'sum(if(course= \'',course,'\',score,0)) as ',course, ',') as aa from (select distinct course from test1) a ;
set @QQ = concat('select ifnull(name,\'total\')as name,',@EE,' sum(score) as total from test1 group by name with rollup');
-- SELECT @QQ;
prepare stmt from @QQ;
execute stmt;
deallocate prepare stmt;第七种结果：
列转行
创建语句：
create table test2(
id int auto_increment primary key ,
name varchar(255) ,
chinese int,
math int,
english int,
wuli int,
huaxue int
)
insert into test2(name,chinese,math,english,wuli,huaxue) values ('张三',110,120,85,null,null);
insert into test2(name,chinese,math,english,wuli,huaxue) values ('李四',130,88,89,null,null);
insert into test2(name,chinese,math,english,wuli,huaxue) values ('王五',93,124,87,98,67);原始数据：
1、第一种方法：
有两种写法：
union与union all的区别就是： union可以去除重复结果集，union all不会去除重复的结果集
-- 第一种使用union实现列传行 select name,'语文' as course, chinese as 'score' from test2 union select name,'数学' as course, math as 'score' from test2 union select name,'英语' as course, english as 'score' from test2 union select name,'物理' as course, wuli as 'score' from test2 union select name,'化学' as course, huaxue as 'score' from test2 order by name asc -- 第二种写法可以对null值结果集处理 select * from (select name,'语文' as course, chinese as 'score' from test2 union select name,'数学' as course, math as 'score' from test2 union select name,'英语' as course, english as 'score' from test2 union select name,'物理' as course, wuli as 'score' from test2 union select name,'化学' as course, huaxue as 'score' from test2)a where a.score is not null order by name asc
第一种结果：
有null结果：
没有null结果：
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。