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K8s 如何部署 MySQL 8.0.20 主从复制结构

2024-04-24 11:58:48 作者：小毕超

这篇文章主要介绍了K8s 如何部署 MySQL 8.0.20 主从复制结构,本次使用 OpenEBS 来作为存储引擎,OpenEBS 是一个开源的、可扩展的存储平台,它提供了一种简单的方式来创建和管理持久化存储卷,需要的朋友可以参考下

一、K8s 部署 MySQL

安装规划

组件	replicas	类型
mysql-master	1	StatefulSet
mysql-slave	1	StatefulSet

使用 k8s 版本为：v1.18.0 。

本次使用 OpenEBS 来作为存储引擎，OpenEBS 是一个开源的、可扩展的存储平台，它提供了一种简单的方式来创建和管理持久化存储卷。它支持各种存储后端，包括但不限于 ZFS、Btrfs、XFS 等。同时，OpenEBS 具有高度的可扩展性和可配置性，可以满足不同的存储需求。

安装 OpenEBS ：

kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/openebs-operator.yaml

验证OpenEBS是否正确安装：

kubectl get pods -n openebs

所有的 OpenEBS pods 都处于Running状态表示正常。

1. 创建命名空间

vi mysql-ns.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: mysql
  labels:
    name: mysql

kubectl apply -f mysql-ns.yml

2. 创建一个默认的存储卷：

vi mysql-local-storage.yml

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: mysql-local-storage
  annotations:
    openebs.io/cas-type: local
    cas.openebs.io/config: |
      - name: StorageType
        value: hostpath
      - name: BasePath
        value: /data/openebs/mysql
provisioner: openebs.io/local
reclaimPolicy: Delete
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

kubectl apply -f mysql-local-storage.yml

3. 部署 MySQL 主节点：

vi mysql-master.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql-master-config
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-master-config
data:
  my.cnf: |+     
    [client]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
    character-set-server=utf8
    lower_case_table_names=1
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
    skip-character-set-client-handshake
    skip-name-resolve
    pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
    secure-file-priv= NULL
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    # 主从同步
    server-id = 1
    log-bin = mysql-bin
    sync_binlog = 1
    binlog_checksum = none
    binlog_format = mixed
    slave-skip-errors = all
    event_scheduler = 1
    max_allowed_packet = 64M
    # Custom config should go here
    !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
---
# headless service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-master-svc
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-master-svc
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: master-port
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql-master
---
# NodePort service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-master-nodeport
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-master-nodeport
spec:
  clusterIP: 
  ports:
  - name: master-port
    port: 3306
    nodePort: 31306
    targetPort: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql-master
  type: NodePort
  target-port:
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql-master
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  serviceName: "mysql-master-svc"
  replicas: 1
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: mysql-master
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql-master
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql-master
        image: mysql:8.0.20
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: master-port
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: "root"
        - name: TZ
          value: "Asia/Shanghai"
        volumeMounts:                           
        - name: mycnf
          mountPath: /etc/mysql/my.cnf
          subPath: my.cnf
        - name: mysql-master-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql 
      volumes:
      - name: mycnf
        configMap:                                
          name: mysql-master-config
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: mysql-master-data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        storageClassName: mysql-local-storage
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 5Gi

kubectl apply -f mysql-master.yml

查看 pod ：

kubectl get pods -n mysql

4. 部署 MySQL 从节点：

vi mysql-slave.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql-slave-config
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-slave-config
data:
  my.cnf: |+     
    [client]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
    character-set-server=utf8
    lower_case_table_names=1
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
    skip-character-set-client-handshake
    skip-name-resolve
    pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
    secure-file-priv= NULL
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    # 主从同步
    server-id = 2
    log-bin = mysql-bin
    sync_binlog = 1
    binlog_checksum = none
    binlog_format = mixed
    slave-skip-errors = all
    event_scheduler = 1
    max_allowed_packet = 64M
    read-only=1
    # Custom config should go here
    !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
---
# headless service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-slave-svc
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-slave-svc
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: slave-port
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql-slave
---
# NodePort service 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-slave-nodeport
  namespace: mysql
  labels:
    app: mysql-slave-nodeport
spec:
  clusterIP: 
  ports:
  - name: slave-port
    port: 3306
    nodePort: 31307
    targetPort: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql-slave
  type: NodePort
  target-port:
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql-slave
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  serviceName: "mysql-slave-svc"
  replicas: 1
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: mysql-slave
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql-slave
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: mysql-slave
        image: mysql:8.0.20
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: slave-port
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: "root"
        - name: TZ
          value: "Asia/Shanghai"
        volumeMounts:                           
        - name: mycnf
          mountPath: /etc/mysql/my.cnf
          subPath: my.cnf
        - name: mysql-slave-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql 
      volumes:
      - name: mycnf
        configMap:                                
          name: mysql-slave-config
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: mysql-slave-data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        storageClassName: mysql-local-storage
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 5Gi

kubectl apply -f mysql-slave.yml

查看 pod ：

kubectl get pods -n mysql

二、主从配置

主节点配置

可以在外面使用 MySQL 客户端连接 mysql-master ,注意换成你的 k8s nodel ip :

mysql -h 192.168.40.12 -P 31306  -u root -proot

查看当前 master 状态：

show master status;

注意这里查询出来的 File 和 Position 下面主从复制时会用到。

为从节点创建一个同步用户：

CREATE USER 'replica'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'replica123';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replica'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

从节点配置

在外面使用 MySQL 客户端连接 mysql-master ,注意换成你的 k8s nodel ip :

mysql -h 192.168.40.12 -P 31307  -u root -proot

同步指向主节点：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='mysql-master-svc',MASTER_USER='replica',MASTER_PASSWORD='replica123',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=152,MASTER_PORT=3306;

注意这里的 MASTER_HOST 指向的是主节点的 Service ：

启动同步进程：

start slave;

查看同步状态：

show slave status\G

看到 Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 都为 Yes 则表示启动成功。

三、主从测试

首先在主节点创建数据库 testdb:

create database testdb;

然后在从节点查看数据库：

show databases;

可以正常查到主节点创建的数据库。

然后在主节点创建测试表：

use testdb;
create table `test` (
  `id` int not null auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) default null,
  primary key (`id`)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=utf8mb4 collate=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;

接着在从节点查看表：

use testdb;
show tables;

可以正常看到创建的表。

然后在主节点写入一条测试数据：

insert into test(name) values('小明');

然后到从节点查看表数据：

select * from test;

可以正常查到写入的数据。

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