数据库mysql的四种安装方式(非常全面!)
作者:小胖鲸~
一,仓库安装
1,使用rpm命令从指定的网址装包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm
2,查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称,会发现多了以下几个仓库
MySQL Connectors Community; MySQL Tools Community ;MySQL 8.0 Community Server;
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
3,安装mysql软件
[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# dnf install mysql-server -y
4,运行mysql软件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mysqld
5,查看mysqld服务的状态
[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# systemctl status mysqld
6,在/var/log/mysqld.log目录下面查看数据库root的临时密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
7,使用临时密码登录数据库(密码和-p之间不能有空格)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p' 9tJZ4JPtVa,)'
8,必须重置root用户的密码
要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符,并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。密码和-p不能有空格隔开
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
9,退出数据库
mysql> exit
10,使用新设置的密码登录数据库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -pAdmin123!
11,查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
卸载数据库软件
1,使用命令卸载mysql软件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf remove mysql-server -y
2,查看是否卸载干净
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
3,把没卸载干净的卸载完
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -e mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch
4,清除日志文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
二,本地安装
1,新建一个mysql目录,并切换到mydql目录下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir mysql [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd mysql
2,下载rpm包
[root@localhost mysql]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
3,下载完成后是一个tar包,需要解包
[root@localhost mysql]# tar xf mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
4,解包后会生成许多rpm包
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
5,安装mysql时会用到一些依赖包;安装依赖包(包之间有依赖,一起安装)
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
6,启动mysqld服务
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
7,查看服务状态
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
8,查看数据库root的临时密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
9,使用临时密码登录数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Lf+lN:jqO3;w'
10,设置新密码
要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符,并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。
密码和-p不能有空格隔开,用单引号引起来
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
11,退出数据库
mysql> exit
12,使用新密码登录
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';
13,查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
卸载软件
1,卸载包,卸载时不需要加包名
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -evh mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs mysql-community-client mysql-community-icu-data-files mysql-community-server
2,清除日志文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
三,容器安装
1,如果之前安装过容器相关的包;卸载已有的包
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log [root@localhost mysql]# yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine
2,装容器所需要的依赖包
[root@localhost mysql]# dnf install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3,需要写容器的仓库;添加阿里云的仓库
[root@localhost mysql]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
4,查看目录/etc/yum.repos.d;会发现多了一个docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
5,查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称,会发现多了1个仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
6,修改下载docker的网站,改为阿里云的(国内的比较快)
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
7,安装docker--ce时需要替换冲突软件包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf install docker-ce --allowerasing -y
8,启动docker服务
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker
9,查看docker服务状态
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl status docker
10,测试能否正常使用
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker run --name mysqltest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker ps
11,进到容器里面操作数据库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker exec -it mysqltest /bin/bash bash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p123456
12,查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
四,源码安装
1,下载源码包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz --2023-02-10 09:14:15-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.36.48.238 Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.36.48.238|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 436207624 (416M) [application/x-tar-gz] Saving to: ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1' mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1 100%[===================================================>] 416.00M 5.33MB/s in 74s 2023-02-10 09:15:30 (5.63 MB/s) - ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1' saved [436207624/436207624]
2,添加用户和组:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# groupadd mysql groupadd: group 'mysql' already exists [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql useradd: user 'mysql' already exists [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
3,解压包:
[root@localhost mysql-source]# tar xvf mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1
4,解压完成后会生成一堆文件在mysql-8.0.32目录下:
[root@localhost mysql-source]# ll total 425992 drwxr-xr-x. 32 7161 31415 4096 Dec 16 23:59 mysql-8.0.32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 436207624 Dec 16 23:01 mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1
5,切换到目录mysql-8.0.32下,可以查看到源码包里面所有的东西
[root@localhost mysql-source]# cd mysql-8.0.32/ [root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# ls boost configure.cmake include libservices packaging share testclients client Docs INSTALL LICENSE plugin sql unittest cmake Doxyfile-ignored libbinlogevents man README sql-common utilities CMakeLists.txt Doxyfile.in libbinlogstandalone mysql-test router storage vio components doxygen_resources libchangestreams MYSQL_VERSION run_doxygen.cmake strings config.h.cmake extra libmysql mysys scripts support-files
6,安装编译器
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake -y Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register. MySQL Tools Community 1.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:01 baseos 2.7 MB/s | 2.7 kB 00:00 AppStream 3.1 MB/s | 3.2 kB 00:00 Dependencies resolved.
7,安装编译过程中可能需要的一些库:
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install cmake gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc rpcgen git -y Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
8,安装包:
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm Retrieving https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.xz3G2s: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY Verifying... ################################# [100%] Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9 ################################# [100%]
9,创建一个编译的目录:
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# mkdir bld
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# cd bld
10,编译(注意路径):
[root@localhost bld]# cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=../boost/boost_1_77_0/ -- Running cmake version 3.20.2 -- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.31.1")
11,编译
[root@localhost bld]# make
12,安装:把编译的文件拷贝到对应的系统下的目录
[root@localhost bld]# make install
13,切换到目录/usr/local/mysql下
[root@localhost bld]# cd /usr/local/mysql
14,创建目录 mysql-files 用来存储mysql的一些数据
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
15,修改此目录的所属者与所属组以及此目录的权限,防止mysql读不到,
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files [root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
16,初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
17,开启lsl的加密
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
18,获取临时密码
[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-02-07T13:07:17.842453Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *2D):irrJ_!_
19,使用新密码登录
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';
20,查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
总结
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