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MySQL InnoDB Cluster搭建安装教程

作者:潇湘隐者

这篇文章主要介绍了MySQL InnoDB Cluster搭建安装教程,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友参考下吧

环境介绍:

这里的MySQL Innodb Cluster搭建环境如下所示,总共有三台机器搭建MySQL InnoDB Cluster:

操作系统: Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.8 (Ootpa)

数据库版本:8.0.35 MySQL Community Server - GPL

第一步:环境检查与配置

1:防火墙配置

测试环境可以关闭防火墙,生产环境一般会开启防火墙。在防火墙上设置相关IP和端口。根据实际情况进行设置(需要root权限,一般由系统管理员设置)

关于如何设置防火墙限定IP地址,这里不做过多介绍,其实配置也很简单。端口号根据实际情况配置。

# systemctl status  firewalld.service
# systemctl stop  firewalld.service
# systemctl status  firewalld.service
# systemctl disable  firewalld.service

2:关闭或配置SELinux

检查是否关闭selinux

# /usr/sbin/sestatus
SELinux status:                 disabled

修改SELinux配置文件

如果没有关闭selinux的话,我们建议关闭selinux,可以通过修改selinux的配置文件,将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled。

#vi /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

如果不想重启,如果想验证一下,可以重启一下服务器。

setenforce 0
getenforce

如果公司要求开启SELinux的话, 必须设置SELinux 策略,在SELinux 下允许MySQL连接

sudo setsebool -P mysql_connect_any 1

3:配置IP与主机名映射

编辑/etc/hosts

#MySQL InnoDB Cluster
192.168.9.200  mysqlu01
192.168.9.201  mysqlu02
192.168.9.202  mysqlu03

[注意]:三台MySQL服务器都必须设置,不能只设置一台服务器。请注意,不要遗漏。

4:修改内核参数

/etc/security/limits.conf
mysql        hard    nofile          65536
mysql        soft    nofile          65536
或者
*            hard    nofile          65536
*            soft    nofile          65536

5:配置标准大页​​​​​​​

grep -i huge /proc/meminfo

建议开启标准大页,这样更有利于性能。

6:禁用透明大页

第二步:安装MySQL实例

1:安装MySQL实例

使用mysql_auto_install.sh脚本自动安装MySQL单实例,如果常规的安装MySQL实例,参考文档“MySQL 8.0的二进制安装文档.docx” ,三台(多台)服务器上安装MySQL实例

$ cd /data/soft
$ sh mysql_auto_install.sh

2:修改参数文件中MGR参数配置

修改server_id=xxxx #规则,取IP地址的最后一位,然后在my.cnf中添加下面配置

##########################################################################################################################
#                                           GTID SETTING
##########################################################################################################################
plugin_dir=/opt/mysql/mysql8.0/lib/plugin  #设置plugin的路径
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON                #强制GTID的一致性
gtid-mode=ON                                     #开启GTID,必须开启
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE            #记录同步的信息,便于管理和恢复
log-slave-updates = ON                     #需要记录事务的binlog,用作以后的恢复用,哪怕不是写入点,也需要
binlog-checksum=NONE                       #MGR本身不支持binlog的checksum校验
slave-parallel-workers=8                   #GTID的SQL线程
slave_preserve_commit_order=ON             #GTID配置,SQL线程按照顺序重放事物
#slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK       #SQL线程工作模式。有两种。
disabled_storage_engines="MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"
##########################################################################################################################
##########################################################################################################################
#                                           组复制设置
##########################################################################################################################
#记录事务的算法,官网建议设置该参数使用 XXHASH64 算法
transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64
plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
#是否随服务器启动而自动启动组复制,不建议直接启动,怕故障恢复时有扰乱数据准确性的特殊情况
#loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
#开启引导模式,添加组成员,用于第一次搭建MGR或重建MGR的时候使用,只需要在集群内的其中一台开启,
#loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
#IP地址白名单,默认只添加127.0.0.1,不会允许来自外部主机的连接,按需安全设置
#loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist = '127.0.0.1/8,192.168.9.0/24'
group_replication_ip_allowlist = '127.0.0.1/8,192.168.9.0/24'
#是否启动单主模式,如果启动,则本实例是主库,提供读写,其他实例仅提供读,如果为off就是多主模式了
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode = ON
##ssl for mgr
group_replication_ssl_mode         = REQUIRED
group_replication_recovery_use_ssl = ON
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking=WRITESET
##########################################################################################################################

注意,这里使用mysql shell创建InnoDB Cluster时,不需要在参数文件中设置group_replication_group_name等参数,有些版本的参数也有所出入,请以实际情况为准。

修改后重启每一台MySQL服务。

$ sudo systemctl stop mysqld.service
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld.service
$ sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

安装MySQL Shell​​​​​​

# yum localinstall mysql-shell-8.0.35-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

这里使用root用户安装。因为mysql用户没有权限安装。可以只安装一台MySQL服务器,也可以三台都安装。

创建数据库用户

##手动创建需要设置log bin 为0,创建完成后设置回1,所有服务器执行

SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
CREATE USER icadmin@'192.168.9.%' IDENTIFIED BY '******';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO icadmin@'192.168.9.%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;

注意:所有MySQL节点需要执行创建用户操作,此用户临时使用,配置完集群后删除。

mysqlsh
\cicadmin@192.168.9.200:7306

mysqlsh-h192.168.9.200-P7306-uicadmin-p

检查实例是否符合InnoDB Cluster的参数及权限配置要求

dba.checkInstanceConfiguration('icadmin@192.168.9.200:7306')
dba.checkInstanceConfiguration('icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306')
dba.checkInstanceConfiguration('icadmin@192.168.9.202:7306')

检查符合InnoDB Cluster的参数、权限配置符合要求的话,则会返回status为OK,否则会提示不符合要求信息。

MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>dba.checkInstanceConfiguration('icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306')
Pleaseprovidethepasswordfor'icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306':****************
Savepasswordfor'icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306'?[Y]es/[N]o/Ne[v]er(defaultNo):yes
ValidatingMySQLinstanceatmysqlu02:7306foruseinanInnoDBcluster...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu02:7306
Clientsandotherclustermemberswillcommunicatewithitthroughthisaddressbydefault.Ifthisisnotcorrect,thereport_hostMySQLsystemvariableshouldbechanged.
CheckingwhetherexistingtablescomplywithGroupReplicationrequirements...
Noincompatibletablesdetected
Checkinginstanceconfiguration...
InstanceconfigurationiscompatiblewithInnoDBcluster
Theinstance'mysqlu02:7306'isvalidtobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
{
"status":"ok"
}
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>

如果MySQL的参数不符合要求,则上面输出信息"status"不为"ok",则必须修改相关参数参数,重新检测。

初始化InnoDB Cluster相关配置

dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.200:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});
dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});
dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.202:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});

或者

dba.configureInstance('root@192.168.9.200:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"},clusterAdminPassword:"*****"});
dba.configureInstance('root@192.168.9.201:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"},clusterAdminPassword:"*****"});
dba.configureInstance('root@192.168.9.202:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"},clusterAdminPassword:"*****"});

具体执行过程如下所示:

MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.200:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});
ConfiguringlocalMySQLinstancelisteningatport7306foruseinanInnoDBcluster...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu01:7306
Clientsandotherclustermemberswillcommunicatewithitthroughthisaddressbydefault.Ifthisisnotcorrect,thereport_hostMySQLsystemvariableshouldbechanged.
User'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'alreadyexistsandwillnotbecreated.
applierWorkerThreadswillbesettothedefaultvalueof4.
Theinstance'mysqlu01:7306'isvalidtobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Theinstance'mysqlu01:7306'isalreadyreadytobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Successfullyenabledparallelappliers.
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});
ConfiguringMySQLinstanceatmysqlu02:7306foruseinanInnoDBcluster...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu02:7306
Clientsandotherclustermemberswillcommunicatewithitthroughthisaddressbydefault.Ifthisisnotcorrect,thereport_hostMySQLsystemvariableshouldbechanged.
User'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'alreadyexistsandwillnotbecreated.
applierWorkerThreadswillbesettothedefaultvalueof4.
Theinstance'mysqlu02:7306'isvalidtobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Theinstance'mysqlu02:7306'isalreadyreadytobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Successfullyenabledparallelappliers.
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>dba.configureInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.202:7306',{clusterAdmin:"'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'"});
ConfiguringMySQLinstanceatmysqlu03:7306foruseinanInnoDBcluster...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu03:7306
Clientsandotherclustermemberswillcommunicatewithitthroughthisaddressbydefault.Ifthisisnotcorrect,thereport_hostMySQLsystemvariableshouldbechanged.
User'icadmin'@'192.168.9.%'alreadyexistsandwillnotbecreated.
applierWorkerThreadswillbesettothedefaultvalueof4.
Theinstance'mysqlu03:7306'isvalidtobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Theinstance'mysqlu03:7306'isalreadyreadytobeusedinanInnoDBcluster.
Successfullyenabledparallelappliers.
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>

创建集群

varcluster=dba.createCluster('gsp_cluster');

具体操作如下所示:

MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>varcluster=dba.createCluster('gsp_cluster');
AnewInnoDBClusterwillbecreatedoninstance'mysqlu01:7306'.
Validatinginstanceconfigurationat192.168.9.200:7306...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu01:7306
Instanceconfigurationissuitable.
NOTE:GroupReplicationwillcommunicatewithothermembersusing'mysqlu01:7306'.UsethelocalAddressoptiontooverride.
*CheckingconnectivityandSSLconfiguration...
CreatingInnoDBCluster'gsp_cluster'on'mysqlu01:7306'...
AddingSeedInstance...
Clustersuccessfullycreated.UseCluster.addInstance()toaddMySQLinstances.
Atleast3instancesareneededfortheclustertobeabletowithstandupto
oneserverfailure.
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>

查看创建集群状态

varcluster=dba.getCluster()
cluster.status()

具体输出如下所示:

MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>varcluster=dba.getCluster()
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>cluster.status()
{
"clusterName":"gsp_cluster",
"defaultReplicaSet":{
"name":"default",
"primary":"mysqlu01:7306",
"ssl":"REQUIRED",
"status":"OK_NO_TOLERANCE",
"statusText":"ClusterisNOTtoleranttoanyfailures.",
"topology":{
"mysqlu01:7306":{
"address":"mysqlu01:7306",
"memberRole":"PRIMARY",
"mode":"R/W",
"readReplicas":{},
"replicationLag":"applier_queue_applied",
"role":"HA",
"status":"ONLINE",
"version":"8.0.33"
}
},
"topologyMode":"Single-Primary"
},
"groupInformationSourceMember":"mysqlu01:7306"
}
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>

添加节点到集群

varcluster=dba.getCluster()
cluster.addInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.201:7306')
cluster.status()
cluster.addInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.202:7306')
cluster.status()

部分输出如下所示:

MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>cluster.addInstance('icadmin@192.168.9.202:7306')
NOTE:Thetargetinstance'mysqlu03:7306'hasnotbeenpre-provisioned(GTIDsetisempty).TheShellisunabletodecidewhetherincrementalstaterecoverycancorrectlyprovisionit.
Thesafestandmostconvenientwaytoprovisionanewinstanceisthroughautomaticcloneprovisioning,whichwillcompletelyoverwritethestateof'mysqlu03:7306'withaphysicalsnapshotfromanexistingclustermember.Tousethismethodbydefault,setthe'recoveryMethod'optionto'clone'.
TheincrementalstaterecoverymaybesafelyusedifyouaresureallupdateseverexecutedintheclusterweredonewithGTIDsenabled,therearenopurgedtransactionsandthenewinstancecontainsthesameGTIDsetastheclusterorasubsetofit.Tousethismethodbydefault,setthe'recoveryMethod'optionto'incremental'.
Pleaseselectarecoverymethod[C]lone/[I]ncrementalrecovery/[A]bort(defaultClone):C
Validatinginstanceconfigurationat192.168.9.202:7306...
Thisinstancereportsitsownaddressasmysqlu03:7306
Instanceconfigurationissuitable.
NOTE:GroupReplicationwillcommunicatewithothermembersusing'mysqlu03:7306'.UsethelocalAddressoptiontooverride.
*CheckingconnectivityandSSLconfiguration...
AnewinstancewillbeaddedtotheInnoDBCluster.Dependingontheamountof
dataontheclusterthismighttakefromafewsecondstoseveralhours.
Addinginstancetothecluster...
Monitoringrecoveryprocessofthenewclustermember.Press^Ctostopmonitoringandletitcontinueinbackground.
Clonebasedstaterecoveryisnowinprogress.
NOTE:Aserverrestartisexpectedtohappenaspartofthecloneprocess.Ifthe
serverdoesnotsupporttheRESTARTcommandordoesnotcomebackaftera
while,youmayneedtomanuallystartitback.
*Waitingforclonetofinish...
NOTE:mysqlu03:7306isbeingclonedfrommysqlu02:7306
**StageDROPDATA:Completed
**CloneTransferFILECOPY============================================================0%NotStartedPAGECOPY============================================================0%NotStartedREDOCOPY============================================================0%NotStarted**CloneTransferFILECOPY============================================================0%InProgressPAGECOPY============================================================0%NotStartedREDOCOPY============================================================0%NotStarted**CloneTransferFILECOPY############################################################100%CompletedPAGECOPY############################################################100%CompletedREDOCOPY############################################################100%Completed
NOTE:mysqlu03:7306isshuttingdown...
*Waitingforserverrestart...ready
*mysqlu03:7306hasrestarted,waitingforclonetofinish...
**StageRESTART:Completed
*Cloneprocesshasfinished:73.65MBtransferredinabout1second(~73.65MB/s)
Staterecoveryalreadyfinishedfor'mysqlu03:7306'
Theinstance'mysqlu03:7306'wassuccessfullyaddedtothecluster.
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>cluster.status()
{
"clusterName":"gsp_cluster",
"defaultReplicaSet":{
"name":"default",
"primary":"mysqlu01:7306",
"ssl":"REQUIRED",
"status":"OK",
"statusText":"ClusterisONLINEandcantolerateuptoONEfailure.",
"topology":{
"mysqlu01:7306":{
"address":"mysqlu01:7306",
"memberRole":"PRIMARY",
"mode":"R/W",
"readReplicas":{},
"replicationLag":"applier_queue_applied",
"role":"HA",
"status":"ONLINE",
"version":"8.0.33"
},
"mysqlu02:7306":{
"address":"mysqlu02:7306",
"memberRole":"SECONDARY",
"mode":"R/O",
"readReplicas":{},
"replicationLag":"applier_queue_applied",
"role":"HA",
"status":"ONLINE",
"version":"8.0.33"
},
"mysqlu03:7306":{
"address":"mysqlu03:7306",
"memberRole":"SECONDARY",
"mode":"R/O",
"readReplicas":{},
"replicationLag":"applier_queue_applied",
"role":"HA",
"status":"ONLINE",
"version":"8.0.33"
}
},
"topologyMode":"Single-Primary"
},
"groupInformationSourceMember":"mysqlu01:7306"
}
MySQL192.168.9.200:7306sslJS>

检查集群状态

最后再检查一次集群的状态
varcluster=dba.getCluster()
cluster.status();

MySQL Router安装

MySQL Router有两种配置方式,如下所示:

手工配置,手工填写后端 MGR 节点的地址,但是这样MySQL Router就没法感知 Primary 节点的变化,手工创建 MGR 时只能这么配置

引导模式自动进行配置,通过 mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata 元数据库动态感知 Primary 节点的变化,实现对应用的透明,这也是 InnoDB Cluster 的标准配置方法。

bootstrap模式

bootstrap模式支持failover,但是必须结合InnoDB Cluster使用,在--directory指定的路径下自动生成安装目录,配置文件里的端口为6446和6447

$cd/data/soft
$tarxvfmysql-router-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz-C/opt/mysql
$cd/opt/mysql/
$ln-smysql-router-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/router

配置环境变量

#在mysql用户下编辑,加入下面配置信息

exportPATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql/router/bin

执行下面命令,使之生效。

$source~/.bash_profile
#查看帮助信息
mysqlrouter--help
#创建目录
mkdir-p/data/mysqlrouter

初始化脚本(例子1)

mysqlrouter--bootstrapicadmin@mysqlu01:7306--directory/data/mysqlrouter--name='icrouter'--force-password-validation

具体如下所示:

$mysqlrouter--bootstrapicadmin@mysqlu01:7306--directory/data/mysqlrouter--name='iicrouter'--force-password-validation
PleaseenterMySQLpasswordforicadmin:
#BootstrappingMySQLRouter8.0.35(MySQLCommunity-GPL)instanceat'/data/mysqlrouter'...
-Creatingaccount(s)(onlythosethatareneeded,ifany)
-Verifyingaccount(usingittorunSQLqueriesthatwouldberunbyRouter)
-Storingaccountinkeyring
-Adjustingpermissionsofgeneratedfiles
-Creatingconfiguration/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
#MySQLRouter'iicrouter'configuredfortheClusterSet'yicticcset'
AfterthisMySQLRouterhasbeenstartedwiththegeneratedconfiguration
$mysqlrouter-c/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
ClusterSet'yicticcset'canbereachedbyconnectingto:
##MySQLClassicprotocol
-Read/WriteConnections:localhost:6446
-Read/OnlyConnections:localhost:6447
##MySQLXprotocol
-Read/WriteConnections:localhost:6448
-Read/OnlyConnections:localhost:6449

初始化脚本(例子2):

mysqlrouter--bootstrapicadmin@mysqlu01:7306\
--directory/data/mysqlrouter\
--accounticcrouter\
--usermysql--nameicrouter\
--conf-bind-address="0.0.0.0"\
--account-host="192.168.9.%"--force-password-validation

注意:--conf-bind-address,如果想任何其它机器都能访问mysql router的话,那么--conf-bind-address应该设置为0.0.0.0,如果设置为某个IP,表示只能在这个IP访问mysql router,根据具体情况设置。

具体输出如下所示:

[mysql@mysqlu01mysqlrouter]$mysqlrouter--bootstrapicadmin@mysqlu01:7306\
>--directory/data/mysqlrouter\
>--accounticcrouter\
>--usermysql--nameicrouter\
>--conf-bind-address="192.168.9.200"\
>--account-host="192.168.9.%"--force-password-validation
PleaseenterMySQLpasswordforicadmin:
#ReconfiguringMySQLRouter8.0.35(MySQLCommunity-GPL)instanceat'/data/mysqlrouter'...
PleaseenterMySQLpasswordforiccrouter:
-Creatingaccount(s)(onlythosethatareneeded,ifany)
-Usingexistingcertificatesfromthe'/data/mysqlrouter/data'directory
-Verifyingaccount(usingittorunSQLqueriesthatwouldberunbyRouter)
-Storingaccountinkeyring
-Adjustingpermissionsofgeneratedfiles
-Creatingconfiguration/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
Existingconfigurationsbackedupto'/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf.bak'
#MySQLRouter'icrouter'configuredfortheInnoDBCluster'gsp_cluster'
AfterthisMySQLRouterhasbeenstartedwiththegeneratedconfiguration
$mysqlrouter-c/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
InnoDBCluster'gsp_cluster'canbereachedbyconnectingto:
##MySQLClassicprotocol
-Read/WriteConnections:localhost:6446
-Read/OnlyConnections:localhost:6447
##MySQLXprotocol
-Read/WriteConnections:localhost:6448
-Read/OnlyConnections:localhost:6449
[mysql@mysqlu01mysqlrouter]$

查看MySQL Router信息

varcluster=dba.getCluster()
cluster.listRouters()

具体信息如下所示

配置MySQL Router的systemd服务,编辑配置/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqlrouter.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQLRouter
After=syslog.target
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=mysql
Group=mysql
PIDFile=/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.pid
ExecStart=/opt/mysql/router/bin/mysqlrouter-c/data/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
Restart=on-failure
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

然后执行下面命令

#systemctldaemon-reload
#systemctlenablemysqlrouter.service
#systemctlstatusmysqlrouter.service
#systemctlstartmysqlrouter.service

启动MySQL Router后,可以通过下面命令查看/验证其监听端口是否开启。

$netstat-ntlp|grepmysqlrouter
$ps-ef|grepmysqlrouter|grep-vgrep

然后依葫芦画瓢,在另外一台服务器上安装MySQL Router,关于MySQL Router的安装,一般应该在应用服务器或单独的服务器上安装MySQL Router,结合Keepalvied实现MySQL Router的高可用性,这里不做展开介绍。

到此这篇关于MySQL InnoDB Cluster搭建安装 的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关MySQL InnoDB Cluster安装 内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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