MySQL select查询之LIKE与通配符用法
作者：睿思达DBA_WGX
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select查询之LIKE与通配符用法
在搜索数据库中的数据时，SQL 通配符可以替代一个或多个字符。
SQL 通配符必须与 LIKE 运算符一起使用。可使用以下通配符：
| 通配符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 百分号（ % ） | 替代一个或多个字符 |
| 下划线（ _ ） | 仅替代一个字符 |
一、百分号（ % ）
查询时表示在该位置可以是任意个（0 - n 个）任意字符，必须和 LIKE 运算符一起使用。
例如：
1、查询【姓王】的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> stu_name LIKE '王%';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801101 | 王占峰 | 男 | 1999-12-30 00:00:00 | 177.0 | 15937320987 | D02 |
| 201801201 | 王艳艳 | 女 | 1999-09-30 00:00:00 | 162.0 | NULL | D03 |
| 201801203 | 王大强 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
| 201901002 | 王宏伟 | 男 | 2001-02-15 00:00:00 | 180.0 | 15937320255 | D01 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2、查询名字的最后一个字是【强】的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> stu_name LIKE '%强';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801102 | 刘国强 | 男 | 2000-08-14 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320789 | D02 |
| 201801203 | 王大强 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、查询手机号最后一个数字是【5】的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> phone LIKE '%5';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801203 | 王大强 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
| 201901002 | 王宏伟 | 男 | 2001-02-15 00:00:00 | 180.0 | 15937320255 | D01 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、查询名字中包含【鹏】字的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> stu_name LIKE '%鹏%';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801203 | 王鹏飞 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
| 201901005 | 刘鹏 | 男 | 2001-12-18 00:00:00 | 176.0 | NULL | D01 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、下划线（ _ ）
查询时表示在该位置有且只有一个字符，字符的内容不限。
必须和 LIKE 运算符一起使用。
例如：
1、查询名字中第二个字是【鹏】的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> stu_name LIKE '_鹏%';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801203 | 王鹏飞 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
| 201901005 | 刘鹏 | 男 | 2001-12-18 00:00:00 | 176.0 | NULL | D01 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、查询名字中第二个字是【鹏】并且名字一共是两个字的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> stu_name LIKE '_鹏';
+-----------+----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------+---------+
| 201901005 | 刘鹏 | 男 | 2001-12-18 00:00:00 | 176.0 | NULL | D01 |
+-----------+----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、查询 phone 中倒数第二个数字是【5】的学生信息
mysql> SELECT
-> *
-> FROM
-> stu
-> WHERE
-> phone LIKE '%5_';
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stu_id | stu_name | gender | birth | height | phone | dept_id |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 201801103 | 巩莉 | 女 | 2000-06-18 00:00:00 | 170.0 | 15937320456 | D02 |
| 201801203 | 王鹏飞 | 男 | 2000-10-19 00:00:00 | 174.0 | 15937320555 | D03 |
| 201901002 | 王宏伟 | 男 | 2001-02-15 00:00:00 | 180.0 | 15937320255 | D01 |
+-----------+-----------+--------+---------------------+--------+-------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。